Chapter 18 - Endocrine System Notes Flashcards
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
the endocrine system is the ________ system of the body
hormonal
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
_____ are chemical messengers
hormones
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
hormones are released in one tissue and transported via the _______ to reach specific cells in other tissues
blood stream
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
each hormone has a ______ on which it acts
specific target cell
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
hormones are effective in coordinating:
cell, tissue, and organ activites on a long term sustained basis
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
hormones are messengers that will cause a cell to change or alter its
function to cause a specific response in the body
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
how do hormones alter cellular operations
changing the types, activites, or quantities of important enzymes and structural proteins
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
hormone release occurs where
capillaries are abundant and allow the hormone to enter the blood stream quickly
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
when in the blood stream hormones are either
free flowing or bound to carrier proteins
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
when _______ reach target cells they do not pass through the cell membrane
non-steroidal
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what hormones are not soluble in cell membrane
non-steroidal
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
hormones bind to what on the cell membrane
receptors
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
non-steroidal hormones after binding to the receptor on the cell membrane do what
activate messengers in the cytoplasm
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
the activated messengers in the cytoplasm of the cell do what
cause a change in the cell’s metabolism or function
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what is the first messenger
non-steroidal hormone
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what is the second messenger
cytoplasm of cell
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
steroidal hormone are able to pass through
lipid bilayer of the cell membrane into the cytoplasm
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
which type of hormone directly affects the function of the genes in the nucleus
steroidal
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
the endocrine system includes
all the endocrine cells and tissues of the body
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
endocrine cells are
glandular cells
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
endocrine cells secrete directly into
extracellular fluid of the body
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
exocrine secrete via
ducts
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
list of organs/systems involved with ES
hypothalamus pituitary gland pineal gland parathyroid gland thyroid gland heart thymus kidney adrenal glands GI tract pancreas gonads
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what is the neurological connection between the ES and NS
hypothalamus
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what is connected to the hypothalamus
pituitary gland
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
hormones are divided into _____ groups
3
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what are the 3 groups of hormones
amino acid derivates
peptide hormones
lipid derivates
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
List of amino acid derivates
epinephrine norepinephrine dopamine thyroid hormones melatonin
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
list of peptide hormones
ADH
oxytocin
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
list of Lipid derivates
steroids and eicosanoids
These hormones are the sex hormones:
androgen, estrogen, and corticosteroids
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what are eiosanoids
small molecules that affect enzymatic processes
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
examples of eicosanoids
leukotriense
prostaglandins
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
when are leukotriense released
tissue injury
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
where are leukotriense released
white blood cells
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
when are prostaglandins released
tissue injury
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
where are prostaglandins released
all tissues
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
hormones functions may include:
stimulate the synthesis of an enzyme or structural protein
turn an existing enzyme on or off by changing its shape or structure
increase or decrease the rate of synthesis of a particular enzyme or protein
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
the ES has ______ that are similar to neurological ______ found in the NS
reflexes
reflexes
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what regulates the secretion of hormones
hypothalamus
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
hypothalamus secretes _______ that control endocrine cells in the _______
regulatory hormones
pituitary gland
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
the _____ in the hypothalamus have direct nervous control over endocrine cells of the _______
autonomic centers
adrenal medullae
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
how does the hypothalamus act as an endocrine organ
directly secreting hormones into the blood stream
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
the pituitary gland is also know as the
hypophysis
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
where is the pituitary gland located
in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
infundibulum
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
the pituitary gland is divided into ____ and _____ gland
anterior
posterior
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
the anterior pituitary gland is also called
adenohyphysis
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
how many regions are on the anterior pituitary gland
3
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what are the regions of the anterior pituitary gland
pars distalis
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what is the largest region of the anterior pituitary gland
pars distalis
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
the ______ is the pituitary glands’s connection to the circulatory system of the body
hypophyseal portal system
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what is in the hypophyseal portal system
network of blood vessels
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what do regulatory hormones do
control the release or inhibition of hormones from the hypothalamus
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
how many hormones associated with anterior pituitary gland
7
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what are the hormones associated with the anterior pituitary gland
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinising hormone (LH) Prolactin (PRL) Growth Hormone (GH) Melanocyte stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
anterior hormones are considered _______ because they activate or turn on endocrine cells
tropic hormones
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is also called
thyrotropin
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what does TSH do
causes the release of thyroid hormones at the thyroid gland
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) does what
stimulated the release of steroids by the adrenal glands
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
Follicle Stimulating Hormone is called a
gonadotropin
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what does FSH act on
ovaries
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
what does FSH do
promotes follicle development in the female reproductive tract. Also stimulates the release of estrogen
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
Luteinizing hormone (LH) does what
stimulates ovulation as well as secretion of estrogens and progestins and androgens (male sex hormones)
Chapter 18 - Endocrine System
prolactin (PRL) does what
stimulates mammary gland development, and in nursing mothers milk production