Chapter 15 - Integrative Functions Notes Flashcards
Where do the sensory pathways (afferent) travel
To the thalamus then to the sensory cortex of the brain
The _______ pathways are the ________ pathways.
Sensory
Afferent
What are the pathways carried on
Tracts
How are tracts named
According to the origin and destination of the axons within tract
What are sensory tracts
Body’s interface between internal and external environment
Sensory pathways involve a
Sensory receptor
What does the sensory receptor do
Receives info and passes it to spinal cord to be sent to cortex
What are general senses
Sensations of temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception
How many types of receptors
4
What are the receptors
Nociceptors
Thermoreceptors
Mechanoeceptors
Chemoreceptors
Receptor that responds to tissue damage perceived as pain
Nociceptors
Receptor that responds to changes in temps
Thermoreceptor
Receptor that is stimulated by physical distortion, contact, or pressure
Mechanoreceptor
Receptor that responds to changes in chemistry of body fluids
Chemoceptors
As sensory info travels to the CNS the info passes through:
Specific order of synapses
The ________ delivers the info to the CNS.
First order neuron
Where is the first order neuron located
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
The _______ is an interneuron.
Second order neuron
Where is the second order neuron found
Spinal cord or brain stem
The ______ takes the info from the _______ and carries it to the cortex for conscious awareness.
Third order neuron
Second order neuron/interneuron
Where are third order neurons located
Thalamus
There are how many major sensory pathways in the NS
3
What are the sensory pathways
Dorsal column
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar
Which pathway carries sensations of fine touch, pressure, vibration, and joint position sense.
Dorsal column
The tracts of the dorsal column are
Fasciculus gracilis
Cuneatus
The _____ carries sensation from lower body to the cord
Gracilis
The _______ carries info from the upper half of the body to the cord
Cuneatus
The _____ pathway provides conscious sensations of touch, pressure, pain, and temp
Spinothalamic
Two subdivision of spinothalamic pathway
Anterior
Lateral
The _______ carries touch and pressure to the opposite sensory cortex
Anterior spinothalamic tract
The ________ carries pain and temp to the opposite sensory cortex
Lateral spinothalamic tract
The ________ carries info regarding unconscious joint position sense as well as proprioception within joints, tendons, and muscles.
Spinocerebellar pathway
Two subdivisions of spinocerebellar pathway
Posterior
Anterior
The ________ stays on the same side of the cord and travels to the cebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle
Posterior spinocerebellar tract
The _______ travels to the cerebellum on the opposite side via the superior peduncle
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
The motor system is under what control
Voluntary and involuntary
The somatic motor system is ______ control
Voluntary
The autonomic system is _____ control
Involuntary
Where is the autonomic system involuntary?
Smooth muscle in the heart, gi, and glands
What provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles
Corticospinal pathway (pyramidal system)
85% of the descending axons cross to the opposite side of the cord at the level of the medulla
Lateral corticospinal tracts
Comprise the 15% of the fibers that do not cross at the medulla
Anterior corticospinal tracts
What is responsible for coordination and feedback control over muscle contractions
Cerebral nuclei and cerebellum
Provides background patterns of movement involved with conscious motor activities
Cerebral nuclei
Monitors proprioceptive info from the musculoskeletal system, visual and vestibular systems
Cerebellum
What measures brain waves
EEG
How many brain waves
4
What are the brain waves
Alpha
Beta
Theta
Delta
Occurs in a healthy awake state, resting with eyes closed
Alpha waves
Occur in periods of stress or deep concentration
Beta waves
Occur in children and frustrated adults
Theta waves
Occur during sleep cycles and infants
Delta waves
How many recognized patterns of sleep
Two
What are the sleep patterns
Deep sleep
REM
What is deep sleep
Slow wave or non -REM (NREM) sleep
What is REM
Rapid eye movement
When do dreams occur
REM
What controls the sleep/wake cycle
Reticular activating system
Where is the reticular activating system located
Brain stem
What does the reticular activating system interact within
Cortex
