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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 15 - Integrative Functions Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Integrative Functions Notes Flashcards

0
Q

Where do the sensory pathways (afferent) travel

A

To the thalamus then to the sensory cortex of the brain

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1
Q

The _______ pathways are the ________ pathways.

A

Sensory

Afferent

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2
Q

What are the pathways carried on

A

Tracts

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3
Q

How are tracts named

A

According to the origin and destination of the axons within tract

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4
Q

What are sensory tracts

A

Body’s interface between internal and external environment

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5
Q

Sensory pathways involve a

A

Sensory receptor

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6
Q

What does the sensory receptor do

A

Receives info and passes it to spinal cord to be sent to cortex

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7
Q

What are general senses

A

Sensations of temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception

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8
Q

How many types of receptors

A

4

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9
Q

What are the receptors

A

Nociceptors
Thermoreceptors
Mechanoeceptors
Chemoreceptors

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10
Q

Receptor that responds to tissue damage perceived as pain

A

Nociceptors

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11
Q

Receptor that responds to changes in temps

A

Thermoreceptor

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12
Q

Receptor that is stimulated by physical distortion, contact, or pressure

A

Mechanoreceptor

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13
Q

Receptor that responds to changes in chemistry of body fluids

A

Chemoceptors

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14
Q

As sensory info travels to the CNS the info passes through:

A

Specific order of synapses

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15
Q

The ________ delivers the info to the CNS.

A

First order neuron

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16
Q

Where is the first order neuron located

A

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG)

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17
Q

The _______ is an interneuron.

A

Second order neuron

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18
Q

Where is the second order neuron found

A

Spinal cord or brain stem

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19
Q

The ______ takes the info from the _______ and carries it to the cortex for conscious awareness.

A

Third order neuron

Second order neuron/interneuron

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20
Q

Where are third order neurons located

A

Thalamus

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21
Q

There are how many major sensory pathways in the NS

A

3

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22
Q

What are the sensory pathways

A

Dorsal column
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

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23
Q

Which pathway carries sensations of fine touch, pressure, vibration, and joint position sense.

A

Dorsal column

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24
Q

The tracts of the dorsal column are

A

Fasciculus gracilis

Cuneatus

25
Q

The _____ carries sensation from lower body to the cord

A

Gracilis

26
Q

The _______ carries info from the upper half of the body to the cord

A

Cuneatus

27
Q

The _____ pathway provides conscious sensations of touch, pressure, pain, and temp

A

Spinothalamic

28
Q

Two subdivision of spinothalamic pathway

A

Anterior

Lateral

29
Q

The _______ carries touch and pressure to the opposite sensory cortex

A

Anterior spinothalamic tract

30
Q

The ________ carries pain and temp to the opposite sensory cortex

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

31
Q

The ________ carries info regarding unconscious joint position sense as well as proprioception within joints, tendons, and muscles.

A

Spinocerebellar pathway

32
Q

Two subdivisions of spinocerebellar pathway

A

Posterior

Anterior

33
Q

The ________ stays on the same side of the cord and travels to the cebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

34
Q

The _______ travels to the cerebellum on the opposite side via the superior peduncle

A

Anterior spinocerebellar tract

35
Q

The motor system is under what control

A

Voluntary and involuntary

36
Q

The somatic motor system is ______ control

A

Voluntary

37
Q

The autonomic system is _____ control

A

Involuntary

38
Q

Where is the autonomic system involuntary?

A

Smooth muscle in the heart, gi, and glands

39
Q

What provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles

A

Corticospinal pathway (pyramidal system)

40
Q

85% of the descending axons cross to the opposite side of the cord at the level of the medulla

A

Lateral corticospinal tracts

41
Q

Comprise the 15% of the fibers that do not cross at the medulla

A

Anterior corticospinal tracts

42
Q

What is responsible for coordination and feedback control over muscle contractions

A

Cerebral nuclei and cerebellum

43
Q

Provides background patterns of movement involved with conscious motor activities

A

Cerebral nuclei

44
Q

Monitors proprioceptive info from the musculoskeletal system, visual and vestibular systems

A

Cerebellum

45
Q

What measures brain waves

A

EEG

46
Q

How many brain waves

A

4

47
Q

What are the brain waves

A

Alpha
Beta
Theta
Delta

48
Q

Occurs in a healthy awake state, resting with eyes closed

A

Alpha waves

49
Q

Occur in periods of stress or deep concentration

A

Beta waves

50
Q

Occur in children and frustrated adults

A

Theta waves

51
Q

Occur during sleep cycles and infants

A

Delta waves

52
Q

How many recognized patterns of sleep

A

Two

53
Q

What are the sleep patterns

A

Deep sleep

REM

54
Q

What is deep sleep

A

Slow wave or non -REM (NREM) sleep

55
Q

What is REM

A

Rapid eye movement

56
Q

When do dreams occur

A

REM

57
Q

What controls the sleep/wake cycle

A

Reticular activating system

58
Q

Where is the reticular activating system located

A

Brain stem

59
Q

What does the reticular activating system interact within

A

Cortex

Anatomy & Physiology (30 decks)

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