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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

Arterial tissues are

A

vessels

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2
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

vessels are classified as

A

elastic arteries
muscular arteries
arterioles

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3
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood travels from the ______ to the _______

A

arterioles

capillaries

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4
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood then transfers from the _______ to the _______

A

capillaries

venous system

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5
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the walls of the veins are less _______ and contain less _______

A

elastic

smooth muscle cells

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6
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

veins are classified as

A

venules
small veins
large veins

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7
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

capillaries are _______ in diameter

A

7-9 um

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8
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

capillaries are _______ in lenght

A

1mm long

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9
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

RBC go through capillaries how

A

single file

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10
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

capillaries are lined with

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

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11
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what is the lining of the capillaries called

A

endothelium

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12
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

sitting outside of the basement layer of the capillaries is the layer of loose connective tissue called

A

adventitia

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13
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

capillaries are classified based on

A

diameter and permeability

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14
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

how many types of capillaries

A

3

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15
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoidal

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16
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ capillaries are 7-9 um in diameter and the walls have no gaps between the endothelial cells; they are less permeable to latge molecules

A

continuous

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17
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are areas of the cell where there is no cytoplasm and the cell membrane consists of a porous diaphragm

A

fenestration

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18
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ capillaries have many fenestrations

A

fenestrated

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19
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ capillaries are the largest in diameter, have larger fenestrations, and are found in the endocrine glands for transportation of large molecules

A

sinusoidal

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20
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

where are fenestrated capillaries found

A

intestine
ciliary process of the eye
choroids plexus of the CNS
glomuruli of kidney

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21
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ are large diameter sinusoidal capillaries, with a sparse basement membrane, large molecules and even cells can pass through here.

A

sinusoids

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22
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

where are sinusoids common

A

liver

bone marrow

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23
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are sinusoids closely associated with

A

macrophages of the immune system

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24
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ are even larger than the sinusoidal type and have large gaps between the endothelial cells

A

venous sinsus

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25
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

venous sinus are found where

A

spleen

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26
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

substances pass through the capillary wall via

A

diffusion

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27
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what is order of diffusion through capillary wall

A

endothelial wall
fenestrae
between enothelial cells

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28
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what passes through capillary walls easily

A

water
oxygen
co2

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29
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

capillaries form large _______ of vessles in the body

A

networks

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30
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what types of areas are capillary networks most numerous

A

highly metabolic tissues of the body

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31
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

where are capillary networks located

A 
lung
liver
kidney
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
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32
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

capillaries found in the skin function in

A

thermoregulation

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33
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

in muscle capillaries function to

A

remove waste

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34
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

all but _______ have 3 layers of tissue

A

capillaries and venules

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35
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the 3 layers of blood vessels

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

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36
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ is made of of endothelial cells and is a delicate basement layer

A

tunica intima

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37
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

located in the tunica intima is a thin layer of connective tissue called

A

tunica propria

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38
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

located in the tunica intima is a fenestrated layer of elastic fiber called the

A

internal elastic memebrane

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39
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what separates the tunica intima from the next layer

A

internal elastic membrane

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40
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ is the middle layer of blood vessel tissue

A

tunica media

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41
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

tunica media consists of

A

smooth muscle cells

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42
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

how are the smooth muscle cells arranged in tunica media

A

circular pattern

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43
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the amount of blood allowed to flow through the vessel is regulated in the tunica media by

A

relaxation/contraction of the media

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44
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

there are _______ large elastic arteries

A

7

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45
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the large elastic arteries

A 
elastic arteries
muscluar arteries
arterioles
venules
small veins
medium and large veins
vasa vasorum
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46
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ have the largest diameter of all arteries and contain more elastic tissue and less smooth muscle

A

elastic arteries

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47
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

elastic arteries are also called

A

conducting arteries

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48
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ are medium size arteries that regulate the blood supply to some regions of the body

A

muscular arteries

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49
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

muscular arteries are also called

A

distribution arteries

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50
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ transport blood from small arteries to capillaries

A

arterioles

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51
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ are similar to capillaries

A

venules

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52
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ larger than venules and receive blood from the venules

A

small veins

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53
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ collect blood from the small veins and delivers it to the larger veins, which transport blood to the heart

A

medium/large veins

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54
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ is a network of small blood vessesl that penetrate the tunica intima of vessels larger than 1mm in diameter.

A

vasa vasorum

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55
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ are located within veins that have a diameter greater than 2 mm

A

valves

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56
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

valves allow what

A

blood to flow in the direction of the heart

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57
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what is the valve

A

fold of the tunica intima

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58
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

valves are similar to

A

semilunar valves in heart

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59
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ result from stretching of the veins in the lower extremity

A

varicose veins

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60
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

formation of blood clots

A

phlebitis

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61
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ allow the direct passage of blood from artery to vein bypassing the capillary network

A

arteriovenous anastomoses

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62
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

where are arteriovenous anastomoses found

A

soles of feet
palms of hand
nail beds

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63
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what is function of arteriovenous anastomoses

A

regulation of temperature

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64
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the walls of most blood vessels are supplied with nerves by _______

A

unmyelinated sympathetic nerve fibers

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65
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ can be found in the tunica media of the male and female sex organs

A

parasympathetic nerve fibers

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66
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

sympathetic stimulation results in

A

vasoconstriction

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67
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

parasympathetic stimulation results in

A

vasodilation

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68
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what type of arteries show the largest changes with aging

A

large elastic

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69
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

which arteries show greatest changes with aging

A

aorta
large vessels/brain
coronary arteries

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70
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ means hardening of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

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71
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

arteriosclerosis is characterized by a thickening of the _______ and the _______ becomes less elastic

A

tunica intima

tunica media

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72
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

eventually in arteriosclerosis there is a lesion formed that will protrude into the

A

lumen

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73
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ is the depositing of plaque on the walls of the arteries

A

atherosclerosis

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74
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the plaque is _______ and contains _______

A

fat-like

cholesterol

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75
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

all arteries of the circulation system originate directly or indirectly from the _______

A

aorta

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76
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

where does the aorta originate

A

off the left ventricle

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77
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what is diameter of aorta

A

2.8 mm

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78
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

aorta is pointed in a superior position hence called

A

ascending aorta

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79
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

length of aorta

A

5 cm

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80
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

how many branches off ascending aorta

A

2

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81
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the branches off the aorta

A

L and R coronary arteries

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82
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ continues off the ascending aorta and arches posterior and to the left

A

aortic arch

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83
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

how many major branches off aortic arch

A

3

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84
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the aortic arch carries blood to

A

head and upper limb
brachicephalic
left common carotid
subclavian artery

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85
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ is the longest part of the aorta

A

descending aorta

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86
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

descending aorta extends through the _______ to the left of the _______, through the _______ to the _______.

A

thorax
mediastinum
abdomen
pelvis

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87
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

how many branches of the brachiocephalic artery

A

4

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88
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the branches of the brachiocephalic artery

A

right common carotid
right subclavian
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

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89
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ supplies the right side of the head and neck with blood

A

right common carotid

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90
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ sends blood to the right upper limb

A

right subclavian

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91
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ is a branch off the aortic arch and supplies blood to the left side of the head and neck

A

left common carotid

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92
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_______ is the 3rd branch off the aortic arch and sends blood to the left upper limb

A

left subclavian artery

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93
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

aortic arch gives rise to:

A 
brachiocephalic artery (2 branches)
---- right common carotid
---- right subclavian
left common carotid
left subclavian artery
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94
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the common carotids travel superior in the neck to the angle of the mandible where they split into

A

internal and external carotid arteries

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95
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the split of the common carotid the _________ is forms

A

carotid sinus

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96
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the function of the carotid sinus

A

monitor blood pressure

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97
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the external arteries supply structures of the _________ and _________

A

neck

face

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98
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the internal arteries along with the vertebral arteries supply the _________ with blood

A

brain

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99
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ are branches of the subclavian arteries

A

vertebral arteries

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100
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the vertebral arteries travel in the _________ of the cervical spine

A

transverse foramen

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101
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

from the cervical spine through the _________ into the brain (vertebral arteries travel)

A

foramen magnum

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102
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

vertebral arteries once in the brain form the

A

basilar artery

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103
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the basilar artery gives off branches to the _________ and _________

A

pons

cerebellum

104
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

2nd set of branches of the basilar artery forms the _________

A

posterior cerebral arteries

105
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the posterior cerebral arteries supply the _________

A

posterior aspect of the brain

106
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ enter the cranium via the carotid canal and form the middle cerebral arteries

A

internal carotids

107
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ supply the lateral parts of the cortex

A

middle cerebral arteries

108
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ are branches of the middle cerebral arteries

A

posterior communicating arteries

109
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

how many major arteries of the upper limb

A

3

110
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the major arteries of the upper limb

A

subclavian
axillary
brachial

111
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the _________ is a continuation of the subclavian

A

axillary

112
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the _________ is a continuation of the axillary

A

brachial

113
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the brachial divides into

A

ulnar and radial arteries

114
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

ulnar and radial arteries form an arch in the

A

palm

115
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the arch in the palm is called

A

superficial and deep palmar arches

116
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ formed by the ulnar artery

A

superficial arch

117
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ formed by the radial artery

A

deep arch

118
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the thoracic aorta has branches divided into _________ groups

A

2

119
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the groups of the thoracic aorta branches

A

visceral

parietal

120
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the visceral branches of aorta supply the

A

lungs
esophagus
pericardium

121
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the parietal branches supply the

A

thoracic wall via the intercostals arteries

122
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the intercostals arteries have 2 sets

A

posterior

anterior

123
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the anterior intercostals come off the _________ a branch of the subclavian artery

A

internal thoracic arteries

124
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the posterior intercostals are derived from _________ off of the descending aorta

A

bilateral branches

125
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the branches of the abdominal aorta can be divided into _________ branches

A

2

126
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

branches of abdominal aorta

A

visceral

parietal

127
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the visceral arteries of the adb. aorta are divided into

A

paired

unpaired

128
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

major unpaired braches of the adb aorta are

A

celiac trunk
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

129
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the unpaired branches of the abd aorta supply what

A

abdominal organs

130
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the abd aoarts divides at _________ into the _________

A

L-5

common iliac arteries

131
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the common iliac divides into the

A

internal and external iliac arteries

132
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

external iliac arteries supply blood to

A

lower limbs

133
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

internal iliac arteries supply blood to

A

pelvis

134
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is a continuation of the external iliac artery

A

femoral artery

135
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is a continuation of the femoreal artery

A

popliteal artery

136
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the popliteal artery gives off branches called the

A

posterior/anterior tibial artery

137
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

anterior tibial artery becomes the

A

dorsalis pedis artery

138
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the posterior tibial artery becomes the

A

fibular or peroneal artery

139
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the fibular or peroneal artery becomes the

A

plantar arteries

140
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

there are _________ major veins that return blood to the heartq

A

3

141
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood returns into the heart in the

A

right atrium

142
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the 3 major veins in body

A

coronary sinus
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava

143
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ returns blood from the heart tissue to the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

144
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ returns blood from the head, neck, thorax, and upper limbs

A

superior vena cava

145
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ returns blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs

A

inferior vena cava

146
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

there are 2 pairs of major veins that drain the head and neck

A

internal and external jugular veins

147
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

which jugular is more superficial

A

external

148
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the _________ is deep in the neck and drains blood from the cranial vault, anterior head, face, and neck

A

internal jugular vein

149
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

both jugular veins join the _________

A

subclavian veins

150
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the jugular and subclavian veins jion to form

A

brachicephalic veins

151
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the two major veins in the upper limb are

A

cephalic and basilic veins

152
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the basilic vein becomes the

A

axillary vein

153
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the axillary vein becomes the

A

subclavian

154
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the cephalic vein joins the

A

subclavian

155
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the _________ connects the cephalic and basilic veins

A

median cubital vein

156
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what vein is blood drawn from

A

median cubital vein

157
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

there are 3 major veins for thorax.

A

right and left brachiocephalic veins

azygos vein

158
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the interior thoracic veins drain blood from the anterior thoracic wall via

A

anterior intercostal veins

159
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood from the posterior thoracic wall is collected by the posterior thoracic veins and drains into the _________ of the right side

A

azygos vein

160
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the left side of the posterior the posterior thoracic wall is drained by the

A

hemiazygos vein

161
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ drains blood from the posterior abdominal wall

A

ascending lumbar veins

162
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the rest of the blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs returns to the heart through

A

inferior vena cava

163
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the only ograns OUTSIDE of the pelvis to drain directly into inferior vena cava

A

gonads
kidneys
adrenal glands

164
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

common iliac veins are formed and create the

A

inferior vena cava

165
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is a system of veins and sinus systems in the liver network of blood vessels

A

hepatic portal system

166
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the blood that enters the hepatic portal system is rich with nutrients from

A

intestines

167
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what does the liver do with the hepatic blood

A

extracts nutrients/store them

cleanses for toxins

168
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

when the liver cleanses toxins it makes them water soluble. why

A

sends them to kidneys to go out as urine

169
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the largest vein of the portal system

A

hepatic portal vein

170
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what forms the hepatic portal vein

A

union of the superior mesenteric vein and superior splenic vein

171
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what vein drains the small intestine

A

superior mesenteric

172
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what vein drains the spleen

A

superior splenic vein

173
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what veins merge into the superior splenic vein

A

inferior mesenteric

pancreatic vein

174
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

how many veins of lower limbs

A

6

175
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are the veins of lower limbs

A 
anterior and posterior tibial 
popliteal 
femoral
great saphenous
small saphenous
small saphenous
176
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ are formed by the union of the anterior and posterior tibial veins at the level of the knee

A

popliteal veins

177
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the continuation of the popliteal vein in the thigh

A

femoral vein

178
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the femoral vein becomes the

A

external iliac vein

179
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the longest vein of the body.

A

great saphenous vein

180
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the great saphenous vein starts on the _________ of the foot and travels up the side of the leg and dumps _________

A

dorsal medial side

femoral vein

181
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ starts at the lateral side of the foot and travels the posterior leg to the popliteal vein

A

small saphenous vein

182
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the lymphatic system only functions to carry _________ away from tissues

A

FLUIDS

NOT BLOOD

183
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the starting point of the lymph vessel

A

lymph capillaries

184
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

lymph capillaries differ from blood in that they

A

lack a basement membrane

185
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

how are lymph vessel lining more permeable

A

simple squamous epithelium is slightly overlapped and attached loosely

186
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

where are lymph capillaries not found

A

CNS
bone marrow
tissue w/no blood vessels

187
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

how does lymph vessel contract

A

skeletal muscle surrounding lymph vessel contracts around it

188
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the smooth streamlined flow of fluid in a tube

A

laminar flow

189
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

flow in a vessel consists of the movement of

A

concentric layers

190
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ interrupts the smooth laminar flow of fluid through the tube

A

turbulent flow

191
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

when does turbulent flow occur

A

rate of flow exceeds a critical velocity or when interrupted by constriction

192
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the measure of force blood exerts against a vessel wall

A

blood pressure

193
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood pressure is measured in

A

millimeters of mercury or mm Hg

194
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood pressure is evaluated using _________ and a _________

A

ausculatation

blood pressure cuff

195
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

ausculatation is

A

listening with a stethoscope

196
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood pressure cuff

A

sphygmomanometer

197
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

where is stethoscope placed

A

over brachial artery

198
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what sounds are heard when evaluating blood pressure

A

korotkoff sounds

199
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the volume of blood that flows through a specific point per unit of time

A

rate of blood flow

200
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

rate of blood flow is expressed

A

ml per minute or Liters per minute

201
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the cardiac output at rest is

A

5 ml/min

202
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is flow decreases when resistance increases, and resistance t flow decreases with an increase in the diameter of the vessel

A

Poiseuille’s Law

203
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is a measure of resistance of a liquid to flow

A

viscosity

204
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the percent of the total volume of blood that is composed of erythrocytes

A

hematocrit

205
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

increase in _________ makes blood more viscous

A

rbcs

206
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ states that the force that stretches the vascular wall is proportional to the diameter of the vessel times the BP.

A

Laplace’s Law

207
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the change in the vessel when blood volume increases the pressure also increases

A

vascular compliance

208
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

normal systolic pressure in the aorta

A

120 mmHg

209
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

normal diastolic pressure in aorta

A

80 mmHg

210
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

A

pulse pressure

211
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

normal pulse pressure

A

40 mmHg

212
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

a large pulse pressure indicateds

A

heart is working too hard to get blood thru system

213
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the state of continual partial contraction of the veins as a result of sympathetic stimulations

A

venous tone

214
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood pressure is _________ in the right atrium and averages _________ in the aorta.

A

0 mmHg

100 mmHg

215
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the pressure in the vessels increases with

A

gravity

216
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood to the tissue is controlled 2 ways

A

local

nervous

217
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

blood flow is _________ to the metabolic needs of the tissue

A

proportional

218
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what are some chemicals that stimulate vasodilation

A 
CO2
lactic acid
adenosine
AMP
K+
H.
A
219
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

lack of _________ can also increase the flow of blood to tissues

A

nutrients

220
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is the maintenance of blood flow by the tissues

A

autoregulation of blood flow

221
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is regulated by the metabolic needs of the tissue

A

long term local blood flow

222
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is important in the minute to minute regulation of blood flow

A

nervous regulation

223
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

nervous control is done by the

A

autonomic division of the NS

224
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what division of the nervous control has most important part

A

sympathetic

225
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

sympathetic stimulation causes _________ of the vessels

A

vasoconstriction

226
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ located in the lower pons and upper medullar

A

vasomotor center

227
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

he vasomotor has 2 parts to it

A

excitatory

inhibitory

228
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the vasomotor excitatory part is always

A

tonically active

229
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the inhibitory part of the vasomotor is always

A

stimulating vasodilation

230
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what controls the parts of the vasomotor center

A

cerebral cortex

231
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is about 100mmHg. It is calculated by the cardiac output times the peripheral resistance

A

mean arterial pressure

MAP=CO x PR

232
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is response to sudden loss of blood volume or sudden change in blood pressure

A

short term regulation of blood flow

233
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what regulates short term regulation of blood flow

A

baroreceptor reflexes
chemoreceptor reflexes
CNS ischemic response mechanism

234
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ are pressure receptors that respond to stretch

A

baroreceptors

235
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

largest amount of baroreceptors are found

A

carotid artery and aortic arch

236
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

barareceptors in the carotid sinus send impulses to the regulatory centers via the

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

237
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

receptors from teh aoritc arch send impulses through the

A

vagus nerve

238
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

the secretion of epinephrine and norepinepherine occurs in the

A

adrenal medulla

239
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

Epinephrine and norepinepherine are released due to

A

increased sympathetic stimulation

240
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

epi and norepi hormones cause increased

A

heart rate
stroke volume
vasoconstriction of vessels in skin/viscera
vasodilation of cardiac vessels

241
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ are sensitive to changes inO2 and CO2 levels

A

chemoreceptors

242
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

chemoreceptors are _________ to change blood pressure

A

short term fast acting emergency mechanisms

243
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ occurs when the blood flow to the vasomotor centers of the medulla decreases, and results in a build up of CO2 and H.

A

CNS ischemic response

244
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

CNS ischemic response causes a

A

sharp rise in vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure and O2 levels

245
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

when does the CNS ischemic response occur

A

when blood pressure drops belwo 50 mmHg

246
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is an enzyme released from the kidney into th circulatory system

A

renin

247
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

renin is released from the

A

juxatagloberular apparatuses of the kidney

248
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

renin acts on _________ to form angiotensin I

A

angiotensinogen

249
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

Angiotensin I travels in the blood stream to the lungs wehre it is converted to

A

Angiotensin II

250
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

angiotensin II causes

A

vasoconstriction of arterioles AKA

RAISE BP

251
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

Angiotensin II will also stimulate the release of

A

aldosterone

252
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

function of aldosterone

A

stimulate kidneys to reabsorb NAm, H20, and CL ions

253
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

what happens with release of aldosterone

A

decrease urine. keeps blood volume up

254
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to changes in blood pressure

A

vasopressin (ADH)

255
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ is released from cells in the atria of the heart.

A

atrial natriuretic mechanism

256
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

atrial natriuretic makes kidneys

A

produce more urine.

WILL DECREASE BP

257
Q

Chapter 21 - Peripheral Circulation and Regulation

_________ occcurs in response to changes in blood pressure along the capillary walls.

A

fluid shift mechanism

Anatomy & Physiology (30 decks)

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