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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 25 - Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 25 - Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism

A

metabolism

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2
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is used in metabolism

A

food
minerals
vitamins

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3
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ is the break down of organic substrates

A

catabolism

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4
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ is the synthesis of new organic molecules

A

anabolism

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5
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what can speed up/slow down metabolism

A

hormones

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6
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is the energy molecule

A

adenosine triposphate (ATP)

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7
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is the main focus of metabolism

A

ATP

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8
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

does it matter how much ATP is made

A

YES!!!!

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9
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is ATP used for

A

active transport
sliding filament theory
etc

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10
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is derived from ATP

A

CAMP

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11
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what cycles energy with ATP

A

ADP

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12
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is the main organelle used for synthesis of much of ATP

A

mitochondrion

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13
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

As __________ and __________ enter the mitochondrion __________, __________, and __________ are produced

A 
food 
oxygen
CO2
water
ATP
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14
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is food for mitochondrion

A

carb, lipid, protein

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15
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

process of ATP conversion in mitochondrion is called

A

cellular respiration

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16
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what respiration occurs without oxygen

A

anaerobic

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17
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

where does anaerobic respiration occur

A

outside of mitochondrion

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18
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is respiration with oxygen

A

aerobic

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19
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

where does aerobic resp occur

A

inside mitochondrion

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20
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is the basic unit of carbobohydrate

A

monosaccharide

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21
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

glucose has how many carbons

A

6 carbon body sugar

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22
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is primary source of energy for cellular resp

A

glucose

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23
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ is process of breaking down glucose for energy

A

glycolysis

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24
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is required for glycolysis

A

2 ATP

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25
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

glycolysis nets how many ATPs

A

2

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26
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

glycolysis makes how many ATPS

A

4

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27
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

does glycolysis required oxygen

A

no

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28
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

if oxygen is present for glycolysis, how many ATP will be produced

A

36 or 38

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29
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

step 1 of glycolysis

A

ATP initiates process by giving phosphate to glucose.

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30
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

giving a molecule to another is

A

analbolism

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31
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

taking molecule off

A

catabolism

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32
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Step 2 glycolysis

A

Additional ATP adds phosphate to opposite end giving:

P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P

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33
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Step 3 glycolysis

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate (stored)
glyceraldehyde 3-phophate
free P

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34
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Step 4 glycolysis

A

P-C-C-C-P

P-C-C-C-P

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35
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Step 5 glycolysis

A

1st C-C-C ADP+P -} ATP x 2 = 2ATP
2nd C-C-C ADP + P -} x 2 = 2ATP
TOTAL: 4ATP

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36
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what acids are connected to glycolysis

A

pyruvic

lactic

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37
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ causes H20 to be made and lost

A

dehydration synthesis

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38
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

krebs cycle is also known as

A

tricarboxylic acid cycle

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39
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

krebs cycle uses

A

oxygen

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40
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ or __________ is used in krebs cycle to make more ATP

A 
pyruviate salt
pyruvic acid (-OH)
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41
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

after many steps of krebs cycle we arrive at __________ acid

A

oxaloacetic

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42
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

in krebs cycle what is made

A

1 ATP molecule
3 NADH
1 FADH2

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43
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

after krebs cycle what is next

A

electron transport chain (ETC)

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44
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ is a sequence of proteins

A

ETC

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45
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

proteins in ETC are called

A

cytochromes

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46
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what are cytochromes

A

proteins that contain a metal ion

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47
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

which metals may be in cytochromes

A

rion Fe3+

copper Cu2+

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48
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

REDOX reaction

A

REDuction

OXidation

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49
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

reduction

A

gain electron or lose H

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50
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

oxidation

A

lose electron or gain H

51
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide = NAD refers to what vitamin

A

B3 = niacin

52
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Flavin adenine dinucleotide is FAD refers to what vitamin

A

B2 = riboflavin

53
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

1 NADH from Krebs –} in ETC

A

3 ATP

54
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

1 FADH2 from Krebs –} in ETC

A

2 ATP

55
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

NADH in glycolysis yields

A

3 or 2 ATP

56
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

the krebs and etc reactions lead to

A

build up of H+ between inner/outer membrane of mitochondrion

57
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

H+ ion channel –}

A

ATP

58
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ is part of acetylCoA

A

b5

59
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what are coenzymes in metabolism

A

b1, b6, folic acid, b12, biotin, c

60
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

breakdown of lipids

A

lipolysis

61
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

creation of lipids

A

lipogenesis

62
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

triglyceride gets broken down into

A

glycerol

3 fatty acid chains

63
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

glycerol converts into

A

pyruvic acid

64
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what converts glycerol to pyruvic acid

A

enzymes

65
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

3 fatty acid chains break down into groups of

A

2C chains via Beta oxidation –} acetylCoA

66
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what also is generated from fatty chains

A

NADH

FADH2

67
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is involved with lipid transport

A

lipoproteins

68
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

how many categories of lipoproteins

A

5

69
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what are the categories of lipoproteins

A 
chylomicron
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL
70
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

%s in chylomicron

A

95% triglyceride

5% cholesterol

71
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

VLDL transport the tris to

A

peripheral tissue (liver)

72
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

%s in VLDL

A

60% trigs

12% cholesterol

73
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is bad cholesterol

A

LDL

74
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is good cholesterol

A

HDL

75
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

%s in LDL

A

10% tris

45% cholesterol (liver)

76
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

%s in HDL

A

5% tris

20% cholesterol

77
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

the cholesterol in HDL is going where

A

to liver

78
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

liver contains

A

lipase

79
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what does lipase do

A

breaks down lipoproteins

80
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

amino acids can be used as

A

energy

81
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is first step in AA metabolism

A

deamination or transanimation

82
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ means removing amine group

A

deamination

83
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is coenzyme involved with deamination

A

B6

84
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what means transferring an anime group

A

transamination

85
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

__________ acid redily enters the krebs cycle from animation

A

keto

86
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

nucleic acids can be broken down into

A

sugars

nitrogenous bases

87
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

pyrimidines (C, U, for RNA) gives us

A

acetylCoA for Krebs

88
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

purines (A,G) give us

A

uric acid (gout)

89
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

uric acid +ures =

A

nitrogenous waste

90
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

neural tissue cannot store

A

macromolecule

91
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is a macromolecule

A

carb, lipid, protein

92
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what is used to deliver macromolecules to neural tissue

A

blood supply

glucose

93
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

what conditions have hyperinsulinemia

A

atkins

low carb

94
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

where is glucose conserved

A

liver

95
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

increase in what increases ketone bodies

A

acetylCoa

96
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

ketoemia

A

blood

97
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

ketonuric

A

urine

98
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

increase acid in blood

A

ketoaciosis

99
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

source of Vit K

A

symbiotic bacteria

100
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

function of Vit K

A

clotting

prothrombin

101
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

source of Vit A

A

leafy green and yellow veggies

102
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

function of Vit A

A

vision

retinol

103
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

source of Vit D

A

synthesized in body (skin-liver-kidney)

104
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

function of Vit D

A

absorption of Ca in digestion tract

105
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

source of Vit E

A

meat, milk, veggies

106
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

function of Vit E

A

antioxident, prevents breakdown of Vit A and fatty acids

107
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

fat soluble vitamins

A

KADE

108
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

water soluble

A

Bs and C

109
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

the B vitamins function (primarily)

A

energy and metabolism

110
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

b1 is

A

thiamin

111
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

b2 is

A

riboflavin

niacin

112
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

b5

A

pantothenic acid

113
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

b6

A

pyridoxine

folic acid

114
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

b12

A

cobalamin

115
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

vit C is

A

ascorbic acid

antioxidant

116
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

major minerals

A

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, P, Cl-

117
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

iodine is needed for

A

thyroid hormone for metabolism

118
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

iron found in

A

heme, carries oxygen

119
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Zn is

A

cofactor in enzymes

120
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

copper

A

cofactor in hemoglobin synthesis

121
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Mn (manganese)

A

cofactor in some ensymes

122
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

cobalt

A

cofactor for transminations

123
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Selenium (Se)

A

antioxidant

124
Q

Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Chromium (Cr)

A

cofactor for glucose metabolism

Anatomy & Physiology (30 decks)

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