Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue Notes Flashcards
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
muscle tissue is unique because it can
contract
contractile tissue
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
how many types of muscle tissue in body
3
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
what are types of muscle tissue
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
skeletal muscle is under _____ control
voluntary
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
skeletal muscles are large and
multinucleated
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
function of skeletal muscles
maintain body postures and position
support soft tissues
guards entrances and exits to the body cavities
helps maintain the body temp
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
muscle tissue has 3 layers of
connective tissue
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
what are 3 layers of muscle tissue
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
epimysium
covers entire muscle
outer layer
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
perimysium
central layer covers individual bundles of fibers
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
bundles of fibers in muscle tissue
fascicle
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
endomysium
inner layer
surrounds individaul muscle fibers
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
what layer are muscle satellite cells found
endomysium
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
what are satellite cells
stem cells
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
end of the muscle fiber come together to form a
tendon
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
tendon otherwise called
aponeurosis
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
what tendon does
attachment of muscle tissue to bone
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
muscles contain
multinucleated
myoblasts
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
myoblasts are
functional cells of the tissue
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
sacrolemma
cell membrane of skeletal muscle cell
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
sacroplasm
cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle cell.
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
the cell membrane has a ______ that maintains the resting membrane potential
transmembrane electrical potential
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
changes in the electrical charge across the membrane result in
rapid contraction of the muscle involved
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
the _______ allow the electrical charge to pass along the whole muscle and stimulate contraction
T tubes or
transverse tubules
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
myofibrils
circular structures that run the entire length of the muscle cell
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
cyofibrils are made up of protien bundles called
myofilaments
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
myofilaments are comprised of
actin and myosin
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
_____ and _____ are responsible for muscle contraction
actin
myosin
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
sacroplasmic reticulum
same as smooth ER
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
sacromere
smallest functional units of myofilaments
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
one myofibril contains ___ sarcomeres
10k
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
_____ are the smallest functional units of the muscle fiber
sarcromeres
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
sarcomeres contain
thick filaments - myosin thin filaments - actin proteins - stabilize the filaments regulatory proteins A bands I bands
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
what regulates the interaction between thick and thin filaments
regulatory proteins
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
A bands
dark in appearance
located in center of the sacromere
contain subdivisions (M line, H zone, Zone of overlap_
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
I Bands
contain thin filaments and extend from A band to A band
Z lines mark the boundary of one sacromere to another
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
thin filaments (actin) contain
F actin
tropomyosin
troponin
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
F actin is
a strand with two rows of actin protein
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
the F actin bands are composed of
G actin
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
tropomyosin
covers the active sires of the G actin to prevent muscle contraction at rest
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
troponin
is a molecule that has 3 subunits: ne binds to tropomyosin, one to G actin, and on to a calcium ion
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
muscle contraction occurs when _______ moves off to the active site exposing the receptor on the ______ strand
troposyosin
F actin strand
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
each thick filament (myosin) consists of
pair of subunits twisted around each other
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
the ____ of the myosin is attached to other myosin molecules
tail
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
the _____ of the myosin projects outward toward the thin actin filaments
head
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
the _____ theory is the contraction of skeletal muscle
sliding filament theory
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
during contraction the following happens
H band and I bands get smaller
zones of overlap get smaller
Z lines get closer together
width of A bands stay the same
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
what is the contraction cycle
exposure of the active sites cross bridges attach to the myosin myosin head pivots (power stroke) detachment of cross bridges occurs reactivation of myosin
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
the control of the contraction is ultimately dependent on the
NS
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
the ______ of motor area of the cerebral cortex controls skeletal muscle contraction
precentral gyrus
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
the NS is in contact with skeletal muscle at the ________ or the _________
neuromuscular junction
myoneural junction
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
axons from the NS penetrate the perimysium of the muscle and end in
synaptic terminals
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
synaptic terminals contain the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine (ACh)
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
motor end plate
is opposite the synaptic terminal and contains receptor that bind with ACh.
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
ACh makes the cell membrane more
permeable
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
muscle fibers produce tensions based on the amount of ______ present in the sacromere
pivoting cross bridges
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
tension production principle within muscle
all or nothing
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
twitch
single contraction
small and fast
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
tetanus
sustained stimulation
no relaxation period
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
treppe
staged or staggered arrival of action potential in the skeletal muscle
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
resting tension provides
muscle tone
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
resting tensions function
stabilizes the bones and joints of the body
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
isotonic contraction
as tension increases the length of the muscle increases
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
two types of isotonic contractions
concentric
eccentric contraction
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
concentric contraction
muscle tension exceeds the resistance and the muscle shortens
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
eccentric contraction
the tension is the muscle is less than the resistance and the muscle lenghtens
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
isometric contractions
muscle does not change length
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
after a muscle contraction has occurred the muscle will return to its original
resting length
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
what aids in returning a muscle to its original lenght
gravity
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
muscular activity relies on the presence of ______ in the muscle tissue
ATP
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
ATP is not stored in any large amounts in
muscular system
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
body’s cells produce ATP by
aerobic metabolism
anaerobic metabolism
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
this provides 95% of the body’s ATP needs
aerobic metabolism
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
_____ is the cycle in a series of chemical reaction
Krebb’s
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
______ rely almost entirely on aerobic metabolism for ATP
skeletal muscle cells
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
anaerobic metabolism doesn’t use
oxygen
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
glycolysis
is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
when the pyruvic acid is created faster than it can be used by the mitochondria it will be converted to _______ and build up in muscles
lactic acid
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
_____ is the state of a skeletal muscle that cannot contract any longer even if there is repeated nervous stimulation
fatigue
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
muscle fatigue may occur
ATP depletion
damage to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
normal muscle activity requires
substantial intercellular energy levels
normal circulation to the tissue
normal blood oxygen levels
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
_______ is the amount of oxygen consumed post exercise
oxygen debt
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
______ large amounts of heat are generated by muscular activity (by catabolic process of breakdown of glucose for ATP)
heat loss
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
skeletal muscle activity accounts for XX% of body’s temp
85%
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
____is the maximum amount of tension produced by a particular muscle or group of muscles
power
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
____is the amount of time a muscle can sustain a particular activity
endurance
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
Performance is determined by
types of muscle fibers in the muscle
physical condition of the muscle
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
3 types of skeletal muscle fibers
fast twitch or fast fibers
slow fibers or red muscle
intermediate fibers
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
fast fibers
powerful contractions but fatigue fast
energy comes from anaerobic repiration
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
slow fibers
fatigue slower
rich in blood supply
contain myoglobin - red in color
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
which fiber has most myoglobin
slow fibers
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
intermediate fibers
middle of fast and slow
vast capillary netwrok
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
fast muscles fibers appear
white or pale
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
slow muscle fibers appear
darker (myoglobin)
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
enlargement of a muscle
muscle hypertrophy
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
as we age the the effects on muscles:
skeletal muscle fibers become smaller
muscle fibers become less elastic
tolerance for exercies decreases
recovery decreases or the recovery time increases
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
cardiac muscle tissue is
involuntary striated muscle
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
cardiac muscle is only found
in heart
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
cardiac muscle is entirely dependent on
aerobic respiration
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
cardiac muscle cells contain cell-to-cell junctions called
intercalated discs
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
function of intercalated discs
create electrical connection between cardiac cells
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
cardiac muscle will contract with no
neural stimulation
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
cardiac muscles contain
pacemaker cells
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
contractions last ___ longer than skeletal muscles
10x
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
smooth muscle is
involuntary
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
what occurs with smooth muscle
organs and blood vessels
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
smooth muscle is found
all the major organ systems
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
smooth muscle is different than cardiac and skeletal in that it
is non-striated
does not form tendons
actin and myosin are arranged differently
Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
smooth muscle exhibits _______ meaning it can contract over a large range or lenghts
plasticity
