chapter 6 control in microbial growth (diana's version)

Question 1

define the definitions for sterilization
disinfection, antisepsis, degerming, sanitization

Answer 1

sterilization= is the absolute removal of all microbial life
- such as endospores
disinfection- removal of pathogenic microorganisms
- it is not sterilization, does not remove ALL microbes, an example would be chemical disinfections

degerming= is the mechanical removal of microbes

• removal of microbes from a limited area, such as washing your hands with soap and water, or alchohol swabbing before taking your vaccine

antisepsis/aseptic= disinfectant amongst your living tissues or skin
- usually less harsh chemicals
and lastly we have sanitization

sanitization= this is lowering down the microbial counts to meet public health standards (so the surface is safe to use, however, it is not free of contamination)

Question 2

what is the differences between the bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic?

Answer 2

bacteriocidal= the suffix cide or cidal is kill
and bacteriostatic- the suffix static-or statis is to stop or slow

Question 3

define what asepsis is

Answer 3

asepsis or aseptic is an area of free significant contamination, we use this in order to minimize infection from operating personnel, instruments an the patient

Question 4

cancer patients antibiotics are?

Answer 4

bacteriocidal, because you do not want the cell to be replicating, so how do we do that? by killing th bacterium

Question 5

gram negative patients, what antibiotics do we give them?

Answer 5

we give them bacteriostatic, why? because our body freaks out when it kills it right away that’s why things such as tubercolusis takes a while since its very resistant, we do it slowly or else you could die.

Question 6

define heat

Answer 6

heat kills microbes by destroying their enzymes (denatures) this is not typically a sterilization but works more of like a disinfection

Question 7

boiling water would be considered as …?

Answer 7

boiling water would be considered as a disinfection, in this event we are killing the pathogenic microbes however WE ARE NOT killing endospores

boiling water for 5 minutes can kill..
- it can kill most pathogens
-most virus

Question 8

with boiling, does it or does it not break hydrogen bonds?

Answer 8

it does break hydrogen bonds AND ALSO DISRUPTS PROTEIN STRUCTURE

Question 9

autoclave is considered as a moist heat?

Answer 9

yes it is considered as a moist heat

Question 10

Pasteurization, define the terms for it

Answer 10

not considered as a sterilization, mild heating of liquid

• our classic time treatment would be 63 for 30 minutes

HSTS is 72 for 15 seconds, this is typically common today , decreases exposure time

UHT
- can be stored without refrigeration
140 for 3 seconds

Question 11

dry heat sterilization,: killed by via oxidation?

Answer 11

true

Question 12

used to sterilize temperature sensitive liquids

Answer 12

this is filtration, and the examples are…:

• enzymes
• vaccinations
• culture media
• anitiobiotics

Question 13

this is also used in burn patients

Answer 13

this is called air filtration

Question 14

true or false microbes can remain viable for years in a dehyrated state?

Answer 14

true

Question 15

low temperature:
refrigeration:

Answer 15

slows or stops microbial growth, this is called bacteriostatic

freezing stops microbial growth- only a small portion of microbes will die why? because cry is actually very aggressive, it makes those ice crystal , it reduces metabolic rate and no reproduction or toxin synthesis

Question 16

does high pressure disturbs protein and molecular structure?

Answer 16

yes it indeed does, it kills most bacteria cells which is identified as bacteriocidal and does not kill endospores therefore not a sterilization

Question 17

what is a hypertonic solution bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Answer 17

bacteriostatic

Question 18

hypotonic would be a bacteriocidal?

Answer 18

yes it would be

Question 19

does microwaves, heat the water which then kills the microorganisms or does it kill microorganism directly?

Answer 19

heat the water and then kills the microorganims.

Question 20

would you use biguanides especifically chlorhexidine to disinfect myobacteria?

Answer 20

no, you cannot use biguanides (chlorhexidine), because myobacteria species are also resistant.

Question 21

one of the oldest and most effective antibiotics
available either as tincture or an iodophore

Answer 21

this is called the iodine

Question 22

a combination of iodine and an organic molecule (good way to remember I for iodine and O for organic )

the iodine is slowly released from the organic molecule

Answer 22

Iodophore

Question 23

does alcohol kill naked virus or non-enveloped virus ?

Answer 23

naked virus and non-enveloped virus is the same, and no they do not kill them

Question 24

these are not satisfactory antiseptics when applied to wounds , they are often combined with water and other chemicals which are required _____ for denaturation

Answer 24

this is describing the alcohol

Question 25

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats):

they are less effective against ____ ____ than ____ _____ organisms
_______ not only survives in these compounds but also actively grows in them.

Answer 25

gram negative, gram positive,
Pseudomonas

Question 26

true or false. Gaseous chemosterilizers (ethylene oxide)
denatures protein, so you cannot do enzyme transport since it denatures protein.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

biguanides (chlorehexidine) only kills ____ viruses

Answer 27

enveloped viruses, non-enveloped viruses are unaffected

Question 28

true or false. Chlorine can be used as a gas or combined with other chemicals, which destroys enzymes

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what can gonorrheal apthalmia cause?

Answer 29

this can cause blindness

Question 30

copper sulfate can be used to destroy green algae that lives in swimming ____ and ____ tanks.

Answer 30

pool, fish