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microbiology > chapter 15 Immune system disorders (diana's version) > Flashcards

chapter 15 Immune system disorders (diana's version) Flashcards

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1
Q

these are not good, loses regulations and lose control (too much sensitivity)

A

hypersensitivity

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2
Q

immune system is doing destruction in your tissues, causing you harm

A

hypersensitivity

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3
Q

___ is also referred to as allergy
an antigen response beyond what is considered normal

A

hypersensitivity

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4
Q

true or false. In hypersensitivity the immune response is mounted against an allergen

A

true

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5
Q

what type of antigen is causing the hypersensivity?

A

it’s called an allergen

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6
Q

describe the characteristics of hypersensivity

A

Also referred to as allergy
* An antigenic response beyond what is considered normal
* Immune response is mounted against an allergen
* The allergen is the antigen that causes hypersensitivity

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7
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity: is referred to as what?

A

referred to as anaphylactic response

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8
Q

what are the apparent symptoms in Type 1 hypersensivity?

A

there are none apparent symptoms

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9
Q

Type 1 hypersensivity: The 1st encounter with the allergen causes ___ cells to differentiate into plasma and _____ cells

A

B, and memory cells

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10
Q

TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITVITY: The plasma cels make ____ which then binds to mast cells or basophils

A

Ig E

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11
Q

what happens if the allergy is sytematic?

A

vasodilatation and vasoconstriction

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12
Q

what happens in the 2nd encounter with the allergen ?

A

Ig e molecules binds to antigen and mast or basophil cell which then releases histamine

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13
Q

histamine triggers what?

A

vasodilation: redness, swelling itchiness
mucous production: runny nose , tears
contraction of bronchial muscles: difficulty beathing

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14
Q

what happens if the allergen is spread throughout the body?

A

anaphylactic shock (sudden decrease in blood pressure)
for example: allergy to peanuts

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15
Q

what are the three treatments for hypersensivity?

A

antihistamine
epinephrine
allergy shots

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16
Q

what is used to treat anaphylactic shock?

A

epinephrine

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17
Q

this blocks the action of histamine

A

antihistamine

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18
Q

what works well for mild symptoms (example : hay fever)

A

antihistmaine

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19
Q

True or false. Antihistamine . Histamine is still produced but cannot trigger inflamamtion

A

true

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20
Q

_____ acts as a vasoconstrictor increasing blood pressure (the effects lasts for 20-30 minutes)

A

epinephrine

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21
Q

what buys time to allow for administration of intravenous anthistamine

A

epinephrine

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22
Q

this is an antagonistic (reversing) effective tool to fix the problem and binds to smooth muscle receptor to cause reverse

A

epinephrine

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23
Q

what are allergy shots name 3 charcateristics

A

this is injected like a vaccine
increasing doses of the antigen are given over 2 years
this induces memory cells that produces Ig G instead of Ig E

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24
Q

true or false.
allergy shots:
IgG will bind to and neutralize the antigen preventing it from binding IgE(this prevents the release of histamine)

A

true

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25
Q

what is the antibody dependent cytotoxicity?

A

type II hypersensivity

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26
Q

true or false. TYPE III HYPERSENSIVITY
antibodies are produced against foreign human cells

A

false, this is type II hypersensitivity

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27
Q

ABO blood group
Antibodies target A and B antigens on red blood cells
Activates macrophages leading to phagocytosis and complement activation against the foreign cell

A

Type II hypersensivity

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28
Q

example : Type II hypersensivity
blood transfusions characteristics

A

ABO blood group
Antibodies target A and B antigens on red blood cells
Activates macrophages leading to phagocytosis and complement activation against the foreign cell

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29
Q

what class is unique to one person, and 2 other people cannot have the same.

A

MCH1

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30
Q

what is the red blood cell mature cell?

A

nuclear

31
Q

what is another example of Type II Hypersensivity

A

Rh Factor

32
Q

what only occurs on the 2nd or subsequent pregnancy?

A

this is what we call Rh Factor

33
Q

_____ is another surface antigen on red blood cells

A

Rh

34
Q

Rh factor:
Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result:

A

When a child is produced between a Rh- woman and an Rh+ man the child has 50% of being Rh+

If this happens the mother can make antibodies against the Rh+ blood cells which kill the baby after birth

35
Q

Rh Factor is compatible or imcompatible?

A

incompatible

36
Q

Type III hypersensitivity is what?

A

immune complex fomration

37
Q

Type III hypersensivity characteristics

A

immune complex formation

it occurs when there are certain antibody to antigen ratios in the blood

the antibody forms small complexes with the antigen which then get trapped in the membrane causing problems

this can also activate complement which in turn activates neutrophils to release enzymes
- causes inflammation
-this can damage blood vessels

38
Q

destroy cell will get replaced by what ?

A

scar tissue

39
Q

what is known to be a delayed hypersensivity?

A

type four

40
Q

Type IV Hypersensivity is the result of what response?

A

cell-mediated response

41
Q

This causes a delayed reaction 24-72 hours after contact

A

type four hypersensivity

42
Q

____ results from the activation of memory Tc cells an example would be contact dermatitis

A

Type IV hypersensivity

43
Q

how does Type IV hypersensivity?

A

small chemicals interact with skin proteins to form antigens
causes a change in skin cells
cell mediated immune response acts against foreign or abnormal cells
-targets a localized area of skin
cytooxic T cells destroy altered skin cells: causes red,itchy, swollen skin

44
Q

what is another example of Type IV hypersensivity

A

poison ivy

45
Q

Define the characteristics for poison ivy in type IV hypersensivity

A

first contact: limited response occurs and there is no resulting dermatitis

second contact: memory T cells differentiate into activated cytotoxic T cells causes allergic contact dermatitis

46
Q

is transplantation meant to help you or not ?

A

it is meant to help you

47
Q

This involves a cell mediated response against anetigenically different MHC molecules, this is attacked by Tc and NK cells

A

transplation

48
Q

what does a successful transplants require?

A

closely matched tissues
treatment with drugs that suppress the immune response
-cyclosporin: prevents clonal expansion
since the immune system is suppressed transplant patients are very susceptible to infection
-patients must kept in isolation

49
Q

Transplantation: Graft vs host disease
True or false.
Cytotoxic T cells from the donor tissue see the host’s body as foreign and attack.

often occurs after

A

true.
often occurs after bone marrow transplant

50
Q

is it true that our body can reject EVEN after 1 year of getting a transplant, immune system can recognize that it is not your MHC1.

A

yes this is indeed true

51
Q

True or false. If you’re going after donor tissue, transplant issue most likely it will get rejected

A

true

52
Q

immunodeficiency disorders is a result to what?

A

results due to inadequate immune system

53
Q

what are the two types of immunodeficiency

A

Primary (congenital) immunodeficiency
Acquired immune deficiency

54
Q

define the characteristics of primary congenital immunodeficiency
SCID

A

non functional T and b cells
allows for severe infections to develop

55
Q

define the characteristics for Acquired Immune Deficiency: Acquire Immune Deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

This is the last stage of HIV infection
HIV infects and subsequently kills T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages
patient is extremely susceptible to infection : both antibody and cell mediated response is impaired.

56
Q

Autoimmune disease
true or false.
\when the body mounts an immune response to itself
this can occur in response to what?
can be what?
may be ____ case

A

true
infection
genetic (inherited)
unknown

57
Q

what are the four types of autoimmune disease

A
  1. rheumatoid arthritis
  2. rheumatoid fever
  3. lupus
  4. multiple sclerosis
58
Q

rheumatic fever develops in some people following a what infection

A

strep throat infection

59
Q

antibodies are produced against the ________ protein

A

Streptococcus M protein

60
Q

Is it true that the M protein is very similar to the heart muscle?, and what is the consequence

A

yes it is true and the consequence is that the antibodies attack the heart causing tissue damage

61
Q

true or false when you have a primary (congenital) immunodeficiency, you have to be in isolation

A

true

62
Q

what is entirely gone when you have a primary congenital immunodeficiency?

A

your adaptive system is completely gone

63
Q

below 200 T cells what sets in?

A

AIDS sets in

64
Q

true or false. M protein is used for the bacteria to stick streptococcus pyogenes

A

true

65
Q

if the antibodies stick to the heart, do you figure this is a good thing?

A

no this is not good

66
Q

something that looks similar but misrecognized (serious consequences), destroying something that’s not suppose to be destroyed

A

autoimmune disease

67
Q

Rheumatic Arthritis define the characteristics

A

IgM, IgG, and complement act against collagen in the joints
causes chronic inflammation and joint pain

68
Q

true or false. You would never want to destroy your collagen.

A

true, you would never want to destroy your collagen

69
Q

we have a dna that opens up (dies ) fragments, this is outside the cell, and leads to subsequent destruction in which produce antibodies to DNA complex , what is this describing?

A

this is describing LUPUS

70
Q

Define the characteristics of Lupus

A

antibodies produced to chromatin, which is a complex of proteins, RNA and DNA
the chromatin- antibody complex accumulates in the joints, kidneys, and blood vessels

71
Q

trauma inside of your kidneys, a lot of these patients- needs dialysis, and soon will need a kidney transplant

A

lupus

72
Q

what is multiple sclerosis?

A

multiple sclerosis is destroy myelin and very difficult to send signals it is a multi factorial

73
Q

Define the characteristics for multiple sclerosis

A

T cells and macrophages attack the myelin sheath covering the neurons
symptoms range from mild fatigue to severe paralysis
this may be triggered by infection with epstein barr virus

74
Q

a lot of different disease symptoms or developing, destroying key component of your system and correlated whether or not a person can develop this disease

A

multiple scleorosis

microbiology (27 decks)

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