chapter 1 (diana version) Flashcards
Name the groups within each microorganisms.
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
viruses
1)bacteria and archaea
2)protozoa and fungi
3) acellular requiring a living host to reproduce
describe the following:
prokaryotes
lack a membrane bound nucleus, and single circular chromosome.
Describe the following eukaryotes:
contain a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles , protozoa and fungi are microbes within this group[
naming of microorganisms:
binomial system of nomenclature:
genus name followed by a species name
True or false. Many species often exist within a genus
True
The genus and species of the bacterium must be ____ or ______.
italicized and underlined.
The name of the bacterium may also be written in what way when naming an microorganism.
capitalized (genus) and name of the species (not capitalized).
Name why microbiology is important …
- it’s important to many areas of human, animal, and plant life.
- important to degrade organic material and for atmospheric-nitrogen fixation in plants
-microorganisms produce antibiotics
-normal bacteria within the human body prevent growth of harmful bacteria
-used for fermentation for food industry
name he differences between spontaneous generation and biogenesis.
spontaneous
1) food left for a long amount of time spoils.
2)microscopic examination reveals that the spoiled food is crawling with bacteria
3)this theory believes that living matter can arise from a non-loving matter
however, louis pasteur rejected this theory
Biogenesis:
-the hypothesis is that living matter can only arise from pre-existing living matter
-this is the theory that is currently accepted.
Name Louis Pasteur and his contributions
in 1864 louis pasteur used swan flasks to disapprove the spontaneous generation theory
- hypothesized that microorganisms responsible for food spoilage is likely to come from air and not from spontaneous generation.
1) microcospic yeast (fungi) which convert sugar to alcohol in the absence of air using a process called fermentation.
2)he determined to prevent souring of the milk or beer is to heat them up in order to prevent spoilage and kill all the bacteria. (souring sugar converting into vinegar). –> this procedure is called pasteurization.
1881: germ theory of disease, define what it is and who developed and other things.
Belief that microorganisms is responsible for causing a particular disease.
This theory is developed by Robert koch, when he said that microbes alter the physical and chemical and physical nature of organic material.
Led to development of koch’s postulates which are today used to determined which microbe is responsible for a particular disease.
1798: define what Edward Jenner did and what is it.
developed a vaccination among smallpox
he injected a young boy with cow pox and he became immune to small pox.
1908: paul ehrlich and what he contributed.
developed the idea of selective toxicity
he discovered Salvarsan which was useful to treat syphilis without damaging host cells.
1929: Alexander fleming
discovered that a product of the mold penicillium chrysogenum was able to inhibit growth of bacteria on plates contaminated with the mold.
Product is called penicillin
made by accident but revolution modern medicine
name what robert hooke distributed
the first to see and describe cells following the invention of the microscope which led to the start of the cell theory (all living things are composed of cells)
