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microbiology > chapter 2 (diana's version) > Flashcards

chapter 2 (diana's version) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

electrons exist outside of the nucleus in specialized regions of space called

A

orbitals

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2
Q

what are the atoms found in living organisms

A

C H O N M P S

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3
Q

name a characteristic of covalent bond

A

water is formed as a result of covalently bonds in between hydrogen and oxygen

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4
Q

name the characteristics of hydrogen bonds

A

these bonds form when hydrogen is covalently bonded with an electron loving molecule such as nitrogen

since the atom bound to hydrogen is electron loving, it holds the shared electrons closer it its nucleus than hydrogen

partial negative and positive charges, not equally charge

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5
Q

molecules that contain unequal sharing electrons are called

A

polar molecules

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6
Q

hydrogen bonds result in networks of ____ molecules

A

different

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7
Q

organic compounds are compounds which contain

A

carbon

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8
Q

inorganic compounds are compounds which do not contain

A

carbon

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9
Q

organisms require a wide variety of inorganic compounds in order to live and reproduce.
True or false

A

true

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10
Q

what is the important inorganic molecule found in living system ?

A

water (h20)

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11
Q

since water is used to dissolve materials, it is a what?

A

solvent

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12
Q

Because electrons are not shared equally in between the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms, it is a

A

polar solvent

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13
Q

living things are able to make such good use of water because

A

1)water is an excellent solvent
-it can dissolve many ionic compounds such as NACL
-the ions remain dissolved in the water and form solution
2) every water molecule can form four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules
-allows water to form networks of interconnected water molecules which gives water gives high boiling point
3)great temperature buffer because of its strong hydrogen bonds
4)easily spilt into its component ions H and OH
play key roles in chemical reactions

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14
Q

this is an energy source that is immediately utilizable by cells

A

carbohydrates

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15
Q

these molecules are non-polar therefore they don’t interact with water because they are hydrophobic (water hating)

A

lipids

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16
Q

composed of a glycerol molecule plus one to three fatty acids

A

fats

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17
Q

glycerol plus one fatty acid

A

monoglycerrides

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18
Q

diglycerides

A

glycerol plus two fatty acids

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19
Q

triglycerides

A

glycerol but three fatty acids

20
Q

saturated meaning

A

no double bonds, saturated with hydrogen atoms

21
Q

unsaturated

A

has at least one double bond, fewer hydrogen atoms

22
Q

Phospholipids are found in the membranes of living cells and they are the primary component of prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasma membranes

A

true

23
Q

each amino acid has one amino group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH) and a side group (-r) which is different on each amino acid

A

true

24
Q

what does side group -r determines

A

determines the chemical properties of the amino acid

25
Q

Proteins:
The individual amino acids are joined together by what bonds and what are they?

A

peptide bonds and they are covalent bonded

26
Q

what are the short chains of amino acids called

A

they are claled peptides

27
Q

what are the long chains of amino acids called, and what are they?

A

they are called polypeptides and they are proteins

28
Q

why is the specific amino acid sequence important ?

A

it’s important in determining the shape of the protein, therefore it can also know the function

29
Q

proteins are required in all aspects of cell structure and function:
what are the two components

A

enzymes: speeds up the chemical reactions occur within the cell
structural components of the cell: membrane channels

30
Q

what are the two typeof nucleic acid?

A

dna and rna

31
Q

what is phosphate group attached to? and what does it serve

A

it is attach to the nucleotides and it serves as the site of attachment for the next nucleotide

32
Q

name the following compounds that have carbon, however it is not known to be organic compounds

A

carbon monoxide
carbon acid and carbon dioxide

33
Q

what is the head-polar, is it polar or non-polar?

A

head polar is polar as it can be dissolved (phosphate head group)

34
Q

what is the tail, is it polar or non-polar?

A

non-polar, it cannot be dissolved (fatty acid tails)

35
Q

give an example of unsaturated and saturated

A

saturated would be butter, oil would be an example of unsaturated

36
Q

what are the tails made out of ?

A

they are made out of carbon and they could be attatch, however there is no oxygen but some may have. In this case, the tails do not.

37
Q

true or false, we have a neck part of molecules and has 3 attachment site and they are hydroxyl group?

A

true

38
Q

what is protein as a whole? and what type of atom do they have a lot of ?

A

protein as a whole is polar, and they have oxygen and nitrogen which indicates that they are polar, since those are electron loving.

39
Q

what are the three pieces in proteins?

A

1.amino group (amino acid)
2.carboxyl group
3.r which is the properties

40
Q

what does dna and rna have as a net charge?

A

negative.

41
Q

In a chemical bond, how many electrons are in a double bond?

A

they have 4 electron

42
Q

In a chemical bond, how many electrons are in a single covalent bond?

A

they have 2 electron

43
Q

when we talk about gaseous water, how many hydrogen bonds per water molecule?

A

0 molecule

44
Q

when we talk about solid molecule, how many water molecules are they?

A

4 water moelcules

45
Q

in a liquid state, how many water molecules are they?, and explain why?

A

there would be 3.4, because we take the average of them

46
Q

in a piece of paper, draw an illustration of a saturated and unsaturated

A
47
Q

what is nucleic acids as a whole?

A

it is polar

microbiology (27 decks)

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