chapter 5 (diana's version)

Question 1

microbial growth requirements:
Name the two categories:

Answer 1

physical and chemical

Question 2

name the physical components of microbial growth

Answer 2

temperature
ph
pyschophiles
pyschotrophs
mesophiles
hyperthermaphiles
cidophiles alkaphiles

Question 3

name the chemical components of microbial growth

Answer 3

carbon
oxygen
trace elements
nitrogen phosphorus sulfur iron

Question 4

what is the temperature range min and max of pyschotrophs and it’s optimal temperature

Answer 4

min= 0
max= 35
optimal 15-30

Question 5

name the temperature range and optimal temperature of mesophiles

Answer 5

temperature range= 10-45
optimal temp= 30-37

Question 6

is protein very sensitive to temperature and acidic, our blood pH is 7.35

Answer 6

yes protein is very sensitive to temperature and acidic and it is a fact that our blood pH is 7.35

Question 7

bacteria that grow at pH values between 5 and 8 are neutrophiles

Answer 7

yes this is true, and gastric acid is associated with the these mistakes and trying to heal so badly, you don’t want it in your stomach it can cause cancer.

Question 8

is it true that cytoplasm will never ever become acidic

Answer 8

that is in fact true.

Question 9

in a hypertonic environment , when water leaves what happens to the cell wall, and plasma membrane

Answer 9

when water leaves, the cell wall is rigid so it is not changing, the plasma membrane shrinks

Question 10

is the cell dead in a hypertonic cell ? or is it not?

Answer 10

it is not dead in a hypertonic solution, it’s just waiting to give water

Question 11

in a hypotonic solution, what does the cell wall contribute with the cell bursting?

Answer 11

the cell wall helps with the cell bursting by counterpressure

Question 12

true or false. Fungi causes mold easily?

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what is a mold?

Answer 13

it is a eukaryotic fungi

Question 14

extreme halophiles why do they live in dead live sea?

Answer 14

because no one can rlly live through there, so they have decided to adapt and live there.

Question 15

protien, nucleic acid, ATP are the fundamental results of nitrogen sulfur, phosphurus and iron ( they are required in smaller amounts then carbon), explain why?

Answer 15

they have these components in order to finalize the structure

Question 16

Psychrophiles :
as soon as you eat the food, your body temperature is too high so they can’t grow in you.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

how can hyperthermophiles living above boiling point?

Answer 17

because they are vegetative, they are metabolic producing enzymes

Question 18

what happens to water when it freezes?

Answer 18

it freezes and its aggressive actually pokes hole in the cell

Question 19

true or false.
Protein is not sensitive to temperature and acid.

Answer 19

false, they are highly sensitive

Question 20

will a cytoplasm become acidic?

Answer 20

no it can never ever become acidic.

Question 21

bacteria that grow at pH values between 5 and 8 are called what?

Answer 21

they are called neutrophiles

Question 22

what is glactic acid, give a bit of description

Answer 22

glactic acid, waste product of milk , they become acidify, there proteins in your milk and unfold actually form chunk, and sour because they’ve been there (those bugs) they become acidic, that they can’t live there anymore.

Question 23

neutrophiles what are they associated with?

Answer 23

they are associated with gstric ulcer, you don’t want it in your stomach , it causes cancer. It is associated with these mistakes, and trying to heal so badly that it leads to gastric ulcer.

Question 24

what do you need to give a patient when you’re building up their blood volume?

Answer 24

you give them an isotonic solution.

Question 25

when water leaves in a hypertonic solution, the cell wall is rigid, does it change at all?

Answer 25

no, it does not change at all.

Question 26

in a hypotonic solution, we are aware that the cell burst, however, what helps with the bursting?

Answer 26

the cell wall helps with the bursting, with counterpressure

Question 27

why does extreme halophiles enjoy 30% NaCl, that is extremely salty when we compare it to our blood which is only 0.9. Give a brief answer.

Answer 27

basically simple, because no other groups of bugs decide to live there, since its a free space, they love it.

Question 28

what does anoxic and oxic mean?

Answer 28

anoxic mean no oxygen
oxic zone= with oxygen

Question 29

what are we in terms of microorganisms based on oxygen use tolerance? and what is our muscle?

Answer 29

we are obligate aerobe, our muscle would be facultative muscle

Question 30

what is pure culture?

Answer 30

pure culture is one strain and one bacterium only

Question 31

true or false.
Agar can be solidified, that’s why we chose it, it’s hard (in terms of solid media)

Answer 31

true

Question 32

name the terms with identifying these analogy:
A medium can be 2 things name them.
analogy: pre made cookie dough , you do not know what’s in there, you never know what you’re getting

Analogy: you know exactly what’s in there, this is reproducible, may not rich in growth, but can achieve the exact same result. Scratch cookie (making your own recipe)

Answer 32

1. chemically undefined
   2.chemically defined

Question 33

if they add agar what is it, solid media or liquid media?

Answer 33

it is soli media, no agar defines liquid media

Question 34

what does bile salt to your fats?

Answer 34

bile salts in selection of your intestinal media, they tear fats apart.

Question 35

what is the example of both selective and differential

Answer 35

MacConkey Agar is both selective and differential

Question 36

which of the following is an example of differential, and which is an example of selective?

1. Bile salts and dyes in the media inhibit the growth of most non-intestinal bacteria, promoting the growth of bacteria that live in the intestine.
   2.Lactose fermentation bacteria that ferment lactose sugar produce acid products that turn the pH indicator pink

Answer 36

1. would be selective and 2. would be differential

Question 37

true or false, Bacterial growth replicate and elongates at the same time?

Answer 37

true, this is why they take quick since its being done at the same timeq

Question 38

most bacteria have a generation time in between what?

Answer 38

1-3 hours

Question 39

e.coli takes about —–of generation time, what about M.tuberculosis?

Answer 39

e.coli takes 20 minutes and M.tuberculosis takes 24 hours

Question 40

which one takes longer? viable or direct count?

Answer 40

viable count