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CATA exam > Chap 30 > Flashcards

Chap 30 Flashcards

1
Q

The hormones produced by the thyroid gland responsible for each of the following EXCEPT
a. regulating body temperature.
b. regulating the level of blood sugar.
c. maintaining the rate at which the body uses fats and carbohydrates.
d. helping regulate the production of protein.

A

B

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2
Q
  1. Hyperthyroidism is caused by overproduction of
    a. triidothyronine.
    b. calcitonin.
    c. thyroxine.
    d. glucagon.
A

C

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign of Graves disease?
a. Impaired intelligence
b. Opthalmopathy
c. Dermopathy
d. Goiter

A

A

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4
Q
  1. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include each of the following EXCEPT
    a. loss of sleep.
    b. decreased heart rate.
    c. fatigue during ordinary activities.
    d. excessive perspiration.
A

B

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5
Q
  1. Each of the following is a characteristic of hypothyroidism EXCEPT
    a. unexplained weight gain.
    b. depression.
    c. goiter.
    d. fatigue.
A

D

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6
Q
  1. Each of the following is a characteristic of hyperthyroidism EXCEPT
    a. sudden weight loss.
    b. nervousness and irritability.
    c. sleep apnea.
    d. more frequent bowel movements.
A

C

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7
Q
  1. Severe acute pancreatitis can cause each of the following EXCEPT
    a. diarrhea.
    b. persistent vomiting.
    c. tachycardia.
    d. abdominal distension.
A

A

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8
Q
  1. Signs and symptoms of insulin shock include each of the following EXCEPT
    a. aggressive behavior.
    b. dry, red, warm skin.
    c. tingling in the face, tongue, and lips.
    d. dizziness.
A

B

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9
Q
  1. Signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include each of the following EXCEPT
    a. dry mouth.
    b. intense thirst.
    c. intense hunger.
    d. abdominal pain.
A

C

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10
Q
  1. Hypoglycemia is common in
    a. type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    b. type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    c. gestational diabetes mellitus.
    d. None of the above.
A

A

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11
Q
  1. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by near or absolute lack of
    a. epinephrine.
    b. estrogen.
    c. insulin.
    d. serotonin.
A

C

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for diabetes?
    a. Obesity
    b. Diet high in protein and fat
    c. Gender
    d. Sedentary lifestyle
A

B

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13
Q
  1. Under normal conditions, an individual’s blood glucose ranges between
    a. 60 and 120 mg/dL.
    b. 80 and 120 mg/dL.
    c. 100 and 130 mg/dL.
    d. 120 and 140 mg/dL.
A

B

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14
Q
  1. Insulin primarily lowers blood sugar levels but also
    a. inhibits amino acid reuptake.
    b. accelerates glucose entry into the liver.
    c. decreases muscle tissue mass.
    d. stimulates fat metabolism.
A

D

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15
Q
  1. An athlete reports with excessive polydipsia. What might this symptom indicate?
    a. Dehydration
    b. The athlete is hungry
    c. Decrease in glucose levels
    d. The athlete is dizzy with syncope
A

A

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16
Q
  1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus requires
    a. oral insulin.
    b. only a change in lifestyle.
    c. injected insulin.
    d. only a modified diet.
A

C

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17
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
    a. Acute onset
    b. Obesity
    c. Occurring in those under age 25 years
    d. Increase in prevalence among the white population
A

B

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18
Q
  1. The most common form of diabetes is
    a. gestational diabetes mellitus.
    b. diabetes secondary to other conditions.
    c. type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    d. type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A

D

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19
Q
  1. Complications of diabetes include each of the following EXCEPT
    a. coronary heart disease.
    b. blindness.
    c. renal failure.
    d. bronchitis.
A

D

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20
Q
  1. Recovery from hypoglycemia is mediated by all but which of the following?
    a. Serotonin
    b. Epinephrine
    c. Glucagon
    d. Norepinephrine
A

A

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21
Q
  1. Exercise lowers blood sugar. As such, any exercise must be counterbalanced with
    a. decrease in food intake and increase in amounts of insulin.
    b. increase in food intake and decrease in amounts of insulin.
    c. increase in food intake and insulin.
    d. decrease in food intake and insulin
A

B

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22
Q
  1. Which of the following is best to give to an individual who is experiencing insulin shock?
    a. 4 oz of apple or orange juice
    b. A medium-sized apple
    c. 4 oz of milk chocolate
    d. A large bagel
A

A

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23
Q
  1. Controlled diabetes depends upon a balance of
    I. glucose levels.
    II. nutrition.
    III. insulin production.
    IV. glycogen levels.
    V. exercise.
    a. I, II, and V.
    b. I, II, III, and V.
    c. II, IV, and V.
    d. II, III, IV, and V.
A

B

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24
Q
  1. When glucose cannot enter the cells, the cells shift from _____________ for energy.
    a. fat metabolism to carbohydrate metabolism
    b. protein metabolism to fat metabolism
    c. carbohydrate metabolism to fat metabolism
    d. carbohydrate metabolism to protein metabolism
A

C

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25
Q
  1. Which of the following does NOT provide the body with glucose?
    a. Bananas
    b. Broccoli
    c. Skim milk
    d. Whole wheat bread
A

C

26
Q
  1. Insulin does all but which of the following?
    a. Stimulate amino acid uptake
    b. Influence protein synthesis
    c. Accelerate glucose entry into the liver and kidneys
    d. Stimulate fat metabolism
A

C

27
Q
  1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly associated with all but which of the following?
    a. Obesity
    b. Family history of diabetes
    c. Lack of exercise
    d. Cigarette smoking
A

D

28
Q
  1. Which of the following would NOT be given to a conscious athlete who is experiencing insulin shock?
    a. 2 oz of chocolates
    b. five to seven Lifesavers
    c. 4 oz of orange juice
    d. two tablespoons of raisins
A

A

29
Q
  1. Dry, red, and warm skin; eyes that appear deep and sunken; deep, exaggerated respirations; rapid, weak pulse; and sweet, fruity acetone breath are all signs of
    a. diabetic coma.
    b. shock.
    c. diabetic shock.
    d. insulin shock.
A

A

30
Q
  1. Those with diabetes should ingest pregame meals
    a. 1 hour before competition.
    b. no more than 2 hours before competition.
    c. 1 to 3 hours before competition.
    d. 3 to 4 hours before competition.
A

C

31
Q
  1. During a two-a-day practice session, athletes with diabetes should ingest _______ carbohydrates every ______ minutes.
    a. 5 to 100 g; 15
    b. 10 to 15 g; 15
    c. 10 to 15 g; 30
    d. 15 to 30 g; 30
A

D

32
Q
  1. Type 2 diabetics who have lost protective neural sensation should NOT participate in
    a. swimming.
    b. step exercises.
    c. chair exercises.
    d. cycling.
A

B

33
Q
  1. Which of the following organs converts excess glucose to fat?
    a. Liver
    b. Pancreas
    c. Kidneys
    d. Gallbladder
A

A

34
Q
  1. The diabetic athlete who is taking insulin injections should use the ______ as an injection site.
    a. anterior thigh
    b. middle deltoid
    c. abdomen region
    d. neck
A

C

35
Q
  1. Excessive secretion of urine that results in a large output of water and electrolytes is referred to as
    a. ketoacidosis.
    b. polyuria.
    c. ketonuria.
    d. hypoglycemia.
A

B

36
Q
  1. True or False? Type 1 diabetes mellitus is usually seen in lean individuals younger than 30 years of age but requires insulin injections in only 20% to 30% of patients.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

37
Q
  1. True or False? Graves disease affects more women than men, and typically appears between the ages of 30 and 50 years.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

38
Q
  1. True or False? Acetone is a by-product of fat metabolism, is volatile, and is blown off during expiration, which gives the breath a sweet or fruity odor.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

39
Q
  1. True or False? For a rapid recovery, a diet soda should be given to an individual in a diabetic coma.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

40
Q
  1. True or False? When exercise lasts for several hours, insulin requirements are increased, hence, the total insulin intake dose should be increased 20% to 50%.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

41
Q
  1. True or False? It is best for the diabetic athlete to eat complex carbohydrates 1 to 3 hours before exercise and ingest 15 to 30 g of carbohydrates every 30 minutes of intense exercise.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

42
Q
  1. True or False? Sport and physical activity may be contraindicated for an individual with thyrotoxicosis.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

43
Q
  1. True or False? The principal symptom of Hashimoto thyroiditis is goiter.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

44
Q
  1. True or False? Severe hyperglycemia can lead to insulin shock.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

45
Q
  1. True or False? When fat metabolism is required for energy, dehydration and ketoacidosis can result.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

46
Q
  1. True or False? Dermopathy associated with hyperthyroidism often appears as inflammation of the muscles surrounding the eye.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

47
Q
  1. True or False? A common method of treatment for hyperthyroidism involves the use of radioactive iodine.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

48
Q
  1. True or False? In adults, symptoms of hypothyroidism include mental clouding, diminished appetite, and weight gain.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

49
Q
  1. True or False? Hypothyroidism may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

50
Q
  1. True or False? The leading cause of acute pancreatitis is excessive alcohol consumption.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

51
Q
  1. True or False? Management of chronic pancreatitis includes the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

52
Q
  1. True or False? Glucagon promotes the oxidation of glucose for ATP production.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

53
Q
  1. True or False? Hypoglycemia has a rapid onset.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

54
Q
  1. True or False? Diabetes secondary to other conditions includes individuals with pancreatic disease, hormonal disease, and drug or chemical exposure.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

55
Q
  1. Match the following terms and definitions.
  2. Glucagon a. lowers blood sugar
  3. Insulin b. kidney damage
  4. Polydipsia c. ketones in the urine
  5. Polyphagia d. raises blood glucose
  6. Gangrene e. aseptic necrosis of tissue
  7. Ketonemia f. excessive hunger
  8. Ketonuria g. excessive thirst
  9. Nephropathy h. ketones in the blood
A

Answer: 1-d, 2-a, 3-g, 4-f, 5-e, 6-h, 7-c, 8-b

56
Q
  1. What is the immediate management for a conscious individual with insulin shock?
A

Answer: Treatment focuses on getting 10 to 15 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate into the system quickly. This can be found in 4 oz of regular cola or 6 oz of ginger ale, 4 oz of apple or orange juice, four packets of table sugar, two tablespoons of raisins, or five to seven Lifesavers.

57
Q
  1. What is the management for a conscious individual with symptoms of diabetic coma?
A

Answer: It is usually not possible to tell with certainty whether an individual is in a diabetic coma or insulin shock. Therefore, the individual should be given glucose or orange juice. If recovery is not rapid, then a medical emergency exists, and EMS should be activated.

58
Q
  1. What are the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
A

Answer:
The signs and symptoms include:
a. Sudden weight loss, even when appetite and food intake remain normal or increase
b. Rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) or pounding of the heart
c. Nervousness, irritability, tremor
d. Sweating
e. Changes in menstrual patterns
f. Increased sensitivity to heat
g. Changes in bowel patterns, especially more frequent bowel movements
h. An enlarged thyroid (goiter), which may appear as a swelling at the base of the neck
i. Fatigue, muscle weakness
j. Difficulty sleeping

59
Q
  1. What are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?
A

Answer:
The signs and symptoms include:
a. Unexplained weight gain
b. Elevated blood cholesterol levels
c. Depression
d. Pale, dry skin; puffy face
e. Heavier than normal menstrual periods
f. Increased sensitivity to cold
g. Constipation
h. Goiter
i. Headache
j. Sleep apnea
k. Brittle nails; coarse hair
l. Hypertension
m. Paresthesia

60
Q
  1. Discuss the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Answer:
A

Type 1
a. Former names
i. Juvenile-onset diabetes
ii. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
b. Age of onset
i. Usually before 30 years
c. Type of onset
i. Abrupt (i.e., days to weeks)
d. Nutritional status
i. Almost always lean
e. Insulin production
i. Negligible to absent
f. Insulin
i. Needed for all patients
g. Diet
i. Mandatory, along with insulin for control of blood glucose
h. High incidence
i. White population
i. Family history
i. Minor
Type 1
a. Former names
i. Adult-onset diabetes
ii. Non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
b. Age of onset
i. Usually after 30 years
c. Type of onset
i. Usually gradual (i.e., weeks to months)
d. Nutritional status
i. Usually obese
e. Insulin production
i. Present, but may be in excess and ineffective
f. Insulin
i. Necessary in only 20% to 30% of patients
g. Diet
i. Diet alone frequently is sufficient to control blood glucose
h. High incidence
i. Women with a history of gestational diabetes, blacks, Native Americans, Hispanics
i. Family history
i. Common link

61
Q
  1. What strategies can be implemented for a diabetic to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during exercise?
A

Answer:
The strategies include:
a. Have a routine medical examination and be cleared for activity.
b. Develop a balanced program of diet and exercise under a physician’s supervision.
c. Wear identification (e.g., bracelet or necklace) indicating that the individual has diabetes.
d. Eat at regular times throughout the day.
e. Avoid exercising at the peak of insulin action and in the evening, when hypoglycemia is more apt to occur.
f. Adjust carbohydrate intake and insulin dosage before physical activity.
g. Check blood glucose levels before, during (if possible), and after physical activity.
h. Prevent dehydration by consuming adequate fluids before, during, and after physical activity.
i. Have access to fast-acting carbohydrates during exercise to prevent hypoglycemia.
j. Avoid alcoholic beverages, or drink them in moderation.
k. Avoid cigarette smoking.

CATA exam (33 decks)

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