Chap 27 Flashcards
- The pain sensitive structures and tissues in the head and neck that are responsible for headaches include each of the following EXCEPT the:
a. Cranial arteries and veins
b. Cranial and spinal nerves
c. Corpus callosum
d. Meninges
C
- Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for migraine headaches?
a. Cold beverages
b. Chocolate
c. Too much sleep
d. Nicotine
A
- Which of the following is NOT characteristic of migraine headaches?
a. Unilateral
b. Pulsating of moderate-to-severe intensity
c. Phonophobia
d. “Boring” pain
D
- Causes of epilepsy are directly related to:
a. Ethnicity
b. Specific signs and symptoms
c. Age of onset
d. Duration of episodes
C
- Absent, myoclonic, tonic–clonic, and intermittent seizures are examples of:
a. Partial seizures
b. Focal seizures
c. Generalized seizures
d. Complex-partial seizures
C
- The average partial seizure lasts how many minutes?
a. 1–5
b. 5–10
c. 10–15
d. 50–90
A
- What should NOT be done during management of a seizure?
a. Protect the individual’s head
b. Loosen the individual’s clothing
c. Restrain the individual
d. Help the individual to a supine position
C
- Seizure control is considered good when the individual is seizure-free for
a. 30 days
b. 3 months
c. 3–6 months
d. 6 months or a year
D
- All but which of the following are motor manifestations of a focal seizure?
a. Involuntary facial movements
b. Involuntary head movements
c. Inability to speak
d. Paresthesia
D
- Todd paralysis often follows a seizure and is characterized by:
a. Depression and embarrassment
b. Localized paresthesia in body part in which seizure occurred
c. Localized weakness in body part in which seizure occurred
d. Anxiety
C
- Which of the following is a medical emergency?
a. Intermittent tonic seizure
b. Intermittent clonic seizure
c. General seizure
d. Continuous tonic–clonic seizure
D
- Which of the following activities would be discouraged for an athlete with a history of seizures?
a. Tennis
b. Football
c. Cross country
d. Long jumping
B
- Each of the following is a sign or symptom of meningitis EXCEPT:
a. Sensory disturbances
b. Positive Kernig sign
c. Low grade fever
d. Stiffness of the neck and back
C
- The cause of encephalitis is:
a. Viral infection
b. Bacterial infection
c. Not clearly understood
d. Head trauma
A
- The best way to decrease the risk of contracting viral meningitis among athletes is:
a. Keep playing surfaces clean
b. Keep drinking dispensers clean and germ-free
c. Instruct athletes not to share towels
d. Instruct athletes to wash their hair daily
B
- Type I complex regional pain syndrome occurs
a. Following an injury that has not damaged any nerves
b. Following a distinct nerve injury
c. Following a viral infection
d. Following a bacterial infection
A
- Signs and symptoms of stage 2 complex regional pain syndrome include:
a. Flexion contracture injuries
b. Irreversible skin damage
c. Hair becoming coarse, then scant
d. Debilitating pain that may affect an entire limb
C
- A migraine characterized by headache pain, double vision, drooping eyelids, and dilated pupils is a(n):
a. Migraine with an aura
b. Complicated migraine
c. Basilar artery migraine
d. Opthalmoplegic migraine
D
- At which of the following ages would it be common to experience your first cluster headache?
a. 16
b. 25
c. 35
d. 45
e. All of the above
f. A, B
g. B, C
h. C, D
i. None of the above
G
- Which of the following drugs are commonly used to treat headaches
a. Acetaminophen
b. Caffeine
c. Codeine
d. Ibuprofen
e. All of the above
f. A, B, C
g. A, B, D
h. A, C, D
i. B, C, D
j. None of the above
G
- An individual experiencing an impaired awareness seizure may experience which of the following?
a. Conscious awareness
b. Oral automatism
c. Limb automatism
d. Hallucinations
e. All of the above
f. A, B, C
g. A, B, D
h. A, C, D
i. B, C, D
j. None of the above
I
- Which type of seizures cause brief rhythmic jerking movements not proceeded by stiffening?
a. Tonic
b. Myoclonic
c. Clonic
d. Atomic
e. All of the above
f. A, B, C
g. A, B, D
h. A, C, D
i. B, C, D
j. None of the above
B
- CRPS is the term for chronic pain disorders lasting longer than how many months?
a. 3
b. 6
c. 9
d. 12
B
- An idiopathic, episodic headache lasting 4 to 72 hours is a(n) ______ headache.
a. Migraine
- A headache characterized by bilateral mild-to-moderate pain that is of pressing quality in the temporal or occipital region is a ________ headache.
a. tension-type
- _______ and ______ are responsible for most seizures in young adults.
a. Trauma and tumors
- Feelings of déjà vu, jamais vu, and flashbacks are all ______ symptoms of seizures.
a. Psychic
- ______ seizures have localized onset, are focused in one particular area of the brain, and are restricted to specific areas of the body.
a. Focal
- ______is a chronic brain disorder described by recurrent (at least two) idiopathic episodes of sudden, abnormal discharges of electrical activity in the brain.
a. Epilepsy
- True or False: Causes of epilepsy are directly related to body composition and an individual’s fitness level.
a. False
- True or False: During a seizure, the individual is unresponsive to verbal stimuli and may exhibit disorientation or confusion.
T
- True or False: An athlete who sustained a second-degree concussion 2 months ago develops seizures. This type of seizure is considered posttraumatic.
T
- True or False: Febrile seizures are accompanied by temperatures over 102°F
T
- True or False: A complex partial seizure is characterized by blank staring into space for 5 to 10 seconds and may be followed by slight disorientation.
F
- True or False: Acute bacterial meningitis is usually more serious than viral meningitis.
T
- True or False: Meningitis is fatal in about 40% of cases.
F
- True or False: Mild cases of viral meningitis are treated with antibiotics to ensure recovery and reduce the risk of complications.
F
- True or False: Primary encephalitis can be sporadic or epidemic.
T
- True or False: The causes of secondary encephalitis include chickenpox, measles, mumps, and rubella.
T
- True or False: Remission of complex regional pain syndrome is possible if treatment begins within a few months of the initial symptoms.
T
- True or False: Complex regional pain syndrome is an uncommon disturbance of the sympathetic nervous system.
T
- True or False: Treatment for migraine headaches is based on the type and cause of the migraine.
T
- True or False: Auras associated with migraine headaches are often visual and last from 20 to 60 minutes after the headache begins.
F
- True or False: Analgesic rebound headaches are associated with pain that is mild, dull, bilateral, frontal-occipital, or diffuse and lasting 6 to 24 hours.
T
- Identify six red flags related to headaches that require further examination.
a. The red flags include:
i. Serious headaches after 50 years of age
ii. Headache associated with focal neurological deficits
iii. Sudden onset of a headache
iv. Papilledema (i.e., edema of the optic disc)
v. Change in pattern in a headache (e.g., increased severity and frequency)
vi. Headache associated with trauma
vii. Headache associated with antalgic gait, amnesia, or altered consciousness
viii. New-onset headache in immunocompromised patients
ix. Headache associated with systemic illness, fever, or neck stiffness
x. Early morning nausea and vomiting without headache
- Identify six possible causes of provoked epilepsy.
a. The causes include:
i. Posttraumatic (e.g., skull fracture, intracranial hematoma)
ii. Metabolic (e.g., hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypomagnesemia, dehydration)
iii. Drug and drug withdrawal (e.g., alcohol, cocaine)
iv. Infections (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess)
v. Anoxia and hypoxia
vi. Cerebrovascular (e.g., stroke, intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage, sinus thrombosis)
vii. Hyperthermia
viii. Sleep deprivation
ix. Febrile seizures
x. Neoplasms (e.g., primary intracranial, carcinomatous meningitis, metastatic, lymphoma, leukemia)
xi. Perinatal or hereditary (e.g., congenital anomalies, genetic and hereditary disorders, perinatal trauma)
- Identify the signs and symptoms of acute bacterial meningitis.
a. The signs and symptoms include:
i. High fever that prevents one from eating or drinking
ii. Irritability
iii. Delirium
iv. Severe headache
v. Progressive lethargy
vi. Chills
vii. Drowsiness
viii. Photophobia
ix. Nuchal rigidity associated with positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs
x. Nausea and vomiting
xi. An accompanying skin rash, especially near the axilla or on the hands or feet
xii. Confusion
xiii. Convulsion or seizure
xiv. Rapid progression of small hemorrhages under the skin
- A second baseman is having a seizure on the infield during a baseball game. Explain the management of this situation.
a. During the seizure:
i. Note the time the seizure began
ii. Help the individual to a supine position; protect the head
iii. Remove glasses and loosen clothing
b. Do not:
i. Stop or restrain the patient
ii. Place fingers or objects in the mouth
c. After the seizure:
i. Ensure an adequate airway
ii. Turn the individual to one side to allow saliva to drain from mouth
iii. Protect the person from curious bystanders
iv. Do not leave until the individual is fully awake
d. If this was a first time seizure, the patient should be seen by a doctor
e. If the seizure is continuous or another seizure occurs, activate EMS
f. Send documentation, including a written description of:
i. Type of seizure
ii. How it started
iii. Length of time from onset until return of consciousness
iv. Number of seizures
- What are the three types of seizures?
a. Focal onset seizures
b. Generalized onset seizures
c. Unknown onset seizures
