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CATA exam > Chap 25 > Flashcards

Chap 25 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The most frequently fractured bones in the thoracic cage are ribs:
    a. 1 to 2
    b. 3 to 4
    c. 5 to 9
    d. 10 to 12
A

C

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2
Q
  1. Contusions and fractures to the trachea, larynx, and hyoid bone frequently occur during:
    a. Repetitive forces
    b. Neck hyperextension
    c. Neck hyperflexion
    d. Shearing forces
A

B

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3
Q
  1. McBurney point is associated with:
    a. Injuries to the kidney
    b. Injuries to the testicles
    c. Rebound pain with bladder injuries
    d. Rebound pain with appendicitis
A

D

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4
Q
  1. The most important action in the immediate management of any type of anterior neck trauma is to:
    a. Stabilize the head and neck
    b. Maintain an open airway
    c. Summon EMS
    d. Refer to a physician
A

B

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5
Q
  1. Your patient cannot take deep breaths and a lateral compression test is positive. What injury should be suspected?
    a. Rectus abdominis strain
    b. Contusion to the sternum
    c. Hemothorax
    d. Rib fracture
A

D

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6
Q
  1. A baseball pitcher has been struck on the chest with a hard driven baseball. He collapses and goes into respiratory arrest. What injury should be suspected?
    a. Commotio cordis
    b. Traumatic asphyxia
    c. Pneumothorax
    d. Fractured sternum
A

A

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7
Q
  1. Rebound pain over the lower right quadrant with referred pain to the lower back may indicate
    a. Appendicitis
    b. Ruptured bladder
    c. Ruptured spleen
    d. Hernia
A

A

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8
Q
  1. A blow to the solar plexus may cause:
    a. Pain down the left arm
    b. Rebound pain
    c. Pain down the posterior leg
    d. Myopia
A

C

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9
Q
  1. Pain upon compression of the sternum, pain while taking deep breaths, and pain upon trunk movement may indicate:
    a. Spleen injury
    b. Muscle strain
    c. Pleurisy
    d. Rib fracture
A

D

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following visceral organs would not bleed profusely if injured?
    a. Spleen
    b. Pancreas
    c. Kidneys
    d. Bladder
A

D

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11
Q
  1. Pain referred to the shoulder during diaphragmatic injury is a result of pressure on the:
    a. Subclavian artery
    b. Subscapular nerve
    c. Phrenic nerve
    d. Subclavian vein
A

C

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12
Q
  1. The adrenal cortex produces hormones collectively known as:
    a. Progesterone
    b. Estrogens
    c. Androgens
    d. Vesicles
A

C

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13
Q
  1. Cyclist’s nipples are a result of:
    a. Friction
    b. Windchill
    c. Compression
    d. Heat
    e. All of the above
    f. A, B
    g. B, C
    h. A, C
    i. A, D
    j. None of the above
A

F

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14
Q
  1. Your patient becomes cyanotic with shortness of breath and severe chest pains. Observation shows a deviated trachea. What condition is most likely occurring?
    a. Cardiac arrest
    b. Traumatic pneumothorax
    c. Spontaneous pneumothorax
    d. Aortic rupture
A

C

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15
Q
  1. Auscultations are used to determine:
    a. Breathing rate
    b. Presence or absence of bodily sounds
    c. Pulse rate
    d. Blood pressure
A

B

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following sites is not used when determining auscultations of the heart?
    a. Aortic
    b. Tricuspid
    c. Pulmonic
    d. Ventricular
A

D

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17
Q
  1. Hyperperistalsis may indicate:
    a. Indigestion
    b. Gastroenteritis
    c. Heart murmur
    d. Asthma
A

B

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18
Q
  1. The organs that transport, protect, and nourish the gametes are called the:
    a. Accessory sex organs
    b. Mammary sex organs
    c. Primary sex organs
    d. Tertiary sex organs
A

A

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19
Q
  1. Bikers may develop transient paresthesia of the penis, resulting from pressure to what nerve?
    a. Penile
    b. Pudendal
    c. Scrotal
    d. Testicular
A

B

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20
Q
  1. A severe blow to the testicular region that results in an excess of fluid accumulation is characteristic of a:
    a. Scrotal contusion
    b. Spermatic cord torsion
    c. Testicular parametritis
    d. Traumatic hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis
A

D

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21
Q
  1. Inability of a heart valve to close completely, resulting in blood leaking backward through the valve when it should be closed is termed:
    a. Aortic stenosis
    b. Aortic regurgitation
    c. Marfan syndrome
    d. Mitral valve prolapsed
A

B

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22
Q
  1. The muscle responsible for compression of the abdominal contents and aiding in forced expiration is the:
    a. External oblique
    b. Internal oblique
    c. Rectus abdominis
    d. Transverse abdominis
A

D

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23
Q
  1. A sharp pain or spasm in the chest wall on the lower right side that occurs during exertion is called a:
    a. Liver contsuin
    b. Pneumothorax
    c. Solar plexus stitch
    d. Stitch in the side
A

D

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24
Q
  1. A direct blow to the anterolateral aspect of the thorax, a sudden twist, or falling on the ball, can compress the rib cage, resulting in a:
    a. Costochondral separation
    b. Hemthorax
    c. Kidney rupture
    d. Solar plexus punch
A

A

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25
Q
  1. An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma is called:
    a. Hemothorax
    b. Pneumonia
    c. Pneumothorax
    d. Thoracothetisitis
A

C

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26
Q
  1. A condition in which the pleural cavity becomes filled with blood that has entered through an opening is called:
    a. Hemothorax
    b. Pneumothorax
    c. Thoracothetisitis
    d. Traumatic asphyxia
A

A

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27
Q
  1. An inherited connective tissue disorder commonly resulting in dilation and weakening of the thoracic aorta is:
    a. Cardiac tamponade
    b. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    c. Marfan syndrome
    d. Mitral valve prolapsed
A

C

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28
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions can predispose an individual to injuries of the spleen?
    a. Cirrhosis
    b. Eating right before competition
    c. Hematuria
    d. Mononucleosis
A

D

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29
Q
  1. Which of the following might predispose an individual to a hernia?
    a. Weakness in the inguinal lining
    b. Weak abdominal muscles
    c. Excessive constipation
    d. Chronic bladder infections
A

A

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30
Q
  1. Which patient should receive an electrocardiogram?
    a. Baseball batter was struck in the chest by a pitch
    b. Basketball player reports an unusual shortness of breath
    c. Gymnast is experiencing feelings of her heart racing and skipping a beat
    d. Swimmer is excessively fatigued during warmups and refuses to compete
    e. All of the above
    f. A, B
    g. A, C
    h. A, D
    i. B, C
    j. B, D
    k. C, D
    l. None of the above
A

G

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31
Q
  1. Which of the following are possible symptoms of a laryngeal injury?
    a. Dysphagia
    b. Dyspnea
    c. An inability to make low-pitched “o” sounds
    d. An inability to make high-pitched “e” sounds
    e. All of the above
    f. A, B, C
    g. A, C, D
    h. A, B, D
    i. B, C, D
    j. None of the above
A

H

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32
Q
  1. Which of the following is a potential cause of a stitch in the side?
    a. Diaphragmatic ischemia
    b. Stress placed on peritoneal ligaments
    c. Irritation of the parietal peritoneum
    d. Subluxing of the lower ribs
    e. All of the above
    f. A, B, C
    g. A, C, D
    h. A, B, D
    i. B, C, D
    j. None of the above
A

F

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33
Q
  1. A tension pneumothorax can result in the displacement of the mediastinum to the opposite side. What structures will be compressed as a result?
    a. Injured lung
    b. Heart
    c. Thoracic aorta
    d. Vena cava
    e. All of the above
    f. A, B, C
    g. A, C, D
    h. A, B, D
    i. B, C, D
    j. None of the above
A

I

34
Q
  1. A _______ is used to perform auscultations
A

a. Stethoscope

35
Q
  1. Individuals with a(n) _________ testicle are at a higher risk for developing testicular cancer
A

a. undescended

36
Q
  1. Hepatitis primarily attacks ______, severely impairing function
A

a. the liver

37
Q
  1. The organ that cleanses the blood of foreign matter and stores excess red blood cells is the ______
A

a. Spleen

38
Q
  1. The organ that secretes most of the digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon is the _________
A

a. Pancreas

39
Q
  1. The most common intrathoracic injury from nonpenetrating chest trauma that may occur with forceful contact with another individual or in landing on a football is _______
A

a. pulmonary contusion

40
Q
  1. Pain radiating to the left shoulder and arm could signal damage to the _______
A

a. Spleen

41
Q
  1. Pain referred to the posterior lumbar region radiating to the flanks and groin may indicate damage to the
A

a. Kidney

42
Q
  1. An athlete is complaining of lower right abdominal pain and nausea and is running a low-grade fever. This individual should be suspected of having_______
A

a. appendicitis

43
Q
  1. _________ hernias are rare but are most commonly seen in women
A

a. Femoral

44
Q
  1. True or False: Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy seen in males over 40 years of age.
A

F

45
Q
  1. True or False: High-speed water skiing injuries can result in water being forced under high pressure into the vulva and vagina, leading to rupture of the vaginal walls.
A

T

46
Q
  1. True or False: Auscultation can detect abnormal sounds such as gurgling, popping, shoring, or a high-pitched whistling sound in the thoracic or abdominal region.
A

T

47
Q
  1. True or False: During breathing, exhalation occurs when the diaphragm is relaxed.
A

T

48
Q
  1. True or False: The spleen is responsible for processing fats and amino acids, manufacturing blood proteins, and detoxifying certain poisons and drugs.
A

F

49
Q
  1. True or False: After direct trauma to the larynx, laryngospasm may occur immediately; however, swelling may not occur until 24 to 48 hours after injury, which can lead to a life-threatening situation.
A

T

50
Q
  1. True or False: Traumatic fat necrosis secondary to a direct blow to the breast can result in a suspicious image on a mammogram.
A

T

51
Q
  1. True or False: Runner’s nipples and cyclist’s nipples are injuries to the nipples and breast caused by friction from abrasive clothing
A

F

52
Q
  1. If the proximal attachment of the pectoralis major muscle is ruptured, the muscle will bulge medially into the chest region, causing the axillary fold to appear thin.
A

F

53
Q
  1. Most rib fractures involve the upper four ribs.
A

F

54
Q
  1. True or False: If a rib is fractured on the lateral side of the thorax, manual compression of the rib cage in an anteroposterior direction will produce increased pain over the fracture site.
A

T

55
Q
  1. True or False: Hyperventilation is a respiratory condition linked to rapid, shallow breaths that result in exhaling too much oxygen, thus altering the chemical balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
A

F

56
Q
  1. True or False: In a traumatic injury when lung tissue is lacerated, air escapes into the pleural cavity with each inhalation, leading to traumatic asphyxia.
A

F

57
Q
  1. True or False: Blunt trauma to the chest can lead to cardiac tamponade in which the individual will collapse within seconds and go into respiratory arrest.
A

T

58
Q
  1. True or False: In individuals under 30 years of age, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of sudden death.
A

T

59
Q
  1. True or False: Lacerations of the abdominal wall muscles or deeper should be covered with an antibiotic ointment and sterile dressing before transporting the patient to the nearest medical facility.
A

F

60
Q
  1. True or False: Nearly 80% of all rectus abdominis strains in which the epigastric artery is damaged occur about 2 in superior to the umbilicus.
A

F

61
Q
  1. True or False: Indirect inguinal hernias account for 50% to 75% of all hernias and typically occur in men under the age of 30 years.
A

T

62
Q
  1. True or False: An individual who has a history of blunt trauma to the left upper quadrant and is experiencing pain in the left shoulder should be suspected of having a ruptured pancreas
A

F

63
Q
  1. True or False: Blood in the urine always indicates a serious internal injury to the kidneys or bladder.
A

F

64
Q
  1. True or False: Muscle rigidity or guarding indicates internal peritoneal hemorrhage and should be treated as a medical emergency.
A

T

65
Q
  1. True or False: A hematocele results from rupture of the plexus of veins on the posterior testicle
A

T

66
Q
  1. True or False: Pain and anxiety can complicate hyperventilation.
A

T

67
Q
  1. True or False: Individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy commonly have an arm span greater than height.
A

F

68
Q
  1. True or False: A mechanism of injury for a costochondral sprain is a severe twisting motion of the thorax.
A

T

69
Q
  1. What is the first sign of testicular cancer?
A

a. Slightly enlarged testicle and change in consistency

70
Q
  1. Please describe what rhonchi sound like
A

a. Rhonchi is relatively low pitched and has a rumbling or snoring quality

71
Q
  1. A basketball player accidentally struck in the throat by an opponent’s elbow, immediately dropped to the knees, coughing spasmodically. The individual has shortness of breath and is unable to speak. What signs or symptoms would indicate that EMS activation is necessary?
A

a. Hoarseness or loss of voice; laryngospasm; presence of hemorrhage with blood-tinged sputum; loss of contour of Adam’s apple; cyanosis or respiratory distress

72
Q
  1. Following a blow to the abdomen, an athlete is experiencing dyspnea. A solar plexus contusion is suspected. How should this condition be managed?
    .
A

a. Any mouth guard or partial plates should be removed. Any restrictive equipment and clothing around the abdomen should be loosened. The individual should be told to flex the knees toward the chest. Next, the individual should be instructed to take a deep breath and hold it, and to repeat this several times. Another method is to have the athlete whistle, as it forces the diaphragm to relax. Because a severe blow may lead to an intra-abdominal injury, the individual should be reassessed at the end of the practice session to rule out any injury that may have been overlooked

73
Q
  1. During preseason volleyball practice, a player experiences hyperventilation while sprinting. Explain the immediate management of this condition.
A

a. It is important to calm the individual because panic and anxiety can complicate the condition. The individual should be instructed to concentrate on slow inhalations through the nose and exhale through the mouth until symptoms have stopped. Breathing into a paper bag has proven to be quite successful in restoring the oxygen–carbon dioxide balance, however many individuals find it embarrassing The use of breathing into a paper bag is not needed except in severe cases.

74
Q
  1. A soccer player experiences a stitch in the side while running. Explain the actions the soccer player can perform to run through the pain.
A

a. Most individuals can run through the sharp pain by forcibly exhaling through pursed lips; breathing deeply and regularly; leaning away from the affected side; stretching the arm on the affected side over the head as high as possible

75
Q
  1. Identify at least five “red flags” indicating a serious thoracic condition.
A

a. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
b. Deviated trachea or trachea that moves during breathing
c. Anxiety, fear, confusion, or restlessness
d. Distended neck veins
e. Bulging or bloodshot eyes
f. Suspected rib or sternal fracture
g. Severe chest pain aggravated by deep inspiration
h. Abnormal chest movement on affected side
i. Coughing up bright red or frothy blood
j. Abnormal or absent breath sounds
k. Rapid, weak pulse
l. Low blood pressure
m. Cyanosis

76
Q
  1. List five signs and symptoms indicating a possible rib fracture.
    X
A

a. History of direct blow, compression of the chest, or violent muscle contraction
b. Individual may lean toward the fractured side, stabilizing the area with a hand to prevent movement of the chest
c. Localized discoloration or swelling over the fracture site
d. Visible, slight step deformity
e. Palpable pain and crepitus at the fracture site
f. Increased pain on deep inspiration
g. Increased pain on trunk rotation and lateral flexion away from the fracture site
h. Increased pain on manual compression of the rib cage in an anteroposterior direction or with lateral compression
i. Shallow breathing
j. Cyanosis
k. Rapid, weak pulse, and low blood pressure with multiple fractures; with a fracture that has damaged intercostals, vessels, and nerves; or if the lung or pleural sac has been penetrated

77
Q
  1. List five signs and symptoms indicating a possible pneumothorax.
A

a. Sudden onset or sharp chest pain
b. Shortness of breath
c. Difficulty breathing
d. Referred pain to the tip of the shoulder, across the chest, or over the abdomen
e. Light-headedness
f. Tightness in chest
g. Decreased or absent breath sounds over the collapsed lung
h. Asymmetric chest movements on the affected side
i. Decrease in blood pressure
j. Tachycardia

78
Q
  1. List five signs and symptoms indicating the need for heart auscultation.
A

a. Cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes accompanied by clubbing of the nails (indicates congenital heart disease)
b. Any signs of Marfan syndrome
c. Palpitations or a history of syncope, angina, and fatigue
d. Rapid pulse (tachycardia) of more than 100 beats per minute at rest
e. Slow pulse (bradycardia) of less than 40 beats per minute at rest
f. Unusual and severe dyspnea after routine exercise
g. Sustained arterial hypertension
h. Retrosternal pain brought on by exertion but relieved with rest
i. Traumatic chest injuries that could cause cardiac injury

79
Q
  1. List five signs and symptoms indicating the need for lung auscultation.
A

a. Shortness of breath or dyspnea (could indicate conditions such as pneumonia, pneumothorax, asthma, or heart failure)
b. Cough with or without a bloody sputum (could indicate pneumonitis, bronchitis, fibrotic lung disease, or bronchial carcinoma)
c. Pleuritic pain (could indicate acute inflammation of the pleural surface, herpes zoster involving the intercostal nerves, or rib fracture)
d. A resting respiratory rate of greater than 22 breaths per minute
e. Cyanosis or finger clubbing (could indicate several pulmonary diseases, including chronic suppurative disease or pulmonary carcinoma)

80
Q
  1. Explain the management of an intra-abdominal injury.
A

a. Activate the emergency medical plan, including summoning EMS
b. In case of vomiting: Roll the person on the side to allow drainage, and make certain the airway remains open.
c. Control any external hemorrhage with pressure and a sterile dressing.
d. Record vital signs: respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, pupillary response
e. Do not give anything to the patient to eat or drink
f. Treat for shock and monitor vital signs until emergency medical services arrives

81
Q
  1. What questions should be asked as part of the history component for a thoracic or abdominal injury? The response should include questions pertinent to current and past injury status.
A

a. Primary complaint including: current nature, location, and onset of the condition
b. Mechanism of injury: Position of trunk or abdomen; direction of force
c. Characteristics of the symptoms: Evolution of the onset, nature, location, severity, and duration of pain or weakness; pain in areas other than trauma site
d. Disability resulting from the injury
e. Related medical history:
i. Previous injuries to the area, congenital abnormalities, childhood diseases, or allergies, or cardiac, respiratory, vascular, or neurological problems
ii. Family history

CATA exam (33 decks)

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