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CATA exam > Chap 24 > Flashcards

Chap 24 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The outermost of the meninges consisting of a dense, fibrous, inelastic sheath that encloses the brain and cord is the
    a. arachnoid.
    b. cerebral cortex.
    c. dura mater.
    d. pia mater.
A

Answer: c

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2
Q

. Which of the following statements is NOT related to the conjunctiva of the eye?
a. Continually releases tears to cleanse the eye and keep it moist
b. Lines the eyelids and external surface of the eye
c. Reduces friction between the eyelids and external surface of the eye
d. Secretes mucus to lubricate the external eye

A

a

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for motor supply to the jaw muscles and sensation to the facial region?
    a. Facial
    b. Hypoglossal
    c. Olfactory
    d. Trigeminal
A

D

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4
Q
  1. What artery is commonly injured in a head injury and, if torn, can lead to an epidural hematoma?
    a. Facial artery
    b. Vertebral artery
    c. Middle meningeal artery
    d. Anterior cerebral artery
A

C

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5
Q
  1. When a blow impacts the skull, the bone deforms and bends inward, placing the inner border of the skull under ____ strain, while the outer border is _____.
    a. shearing, depressed
    b. tensile, compressed
    c. torsion, compressed
    d. compression, resilient
A

B

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6
Q
  1. A danger with open fractures to the skull is the greater risk of a bacterial infection that can lead to
    a. fovea chlamydia.
    b. meningitis.
    c. tinea capitis.
    d. verrucae capitis.
A

B

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7
Q
  1. A ___________________ is an injury away from the actual injury site due to rotational components during acceleration.
    a. coup injury
    b. contrecoup injury
    c. focal injury
    d. diffuse injury
A

B

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8
Q
  1. Abnormal facial expressions and functioning may indicate
    a. concussion.
    b. brain stem damage.
    c. cerebral damage.
    d. basilar fracture.
A

C

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9
Q
  1. All of the following are signs and symptoms of skull fracture, except
    a. palpable depression.
    b. loss of smell.
    c. otorrhea.
    d. retrograde amnesia.
A

D

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10
Q
  1. After being struck on the head, an athlete presents with Battle sign. What injury should be suspected?
    a. Basilar fracture
    b. Cerebral concussion
    c. Occipital contusion
    d. Epidural hematoma
A

A

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11
Q
  1. Delayed signs and symptoms days or even weeks after head trauma are most likely to be associated with which of the following injuries?
    a. Concussion
    b. Epidural hematoma
    c. Subdural hematoma
    d. Occipital contusion
A

C

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12
Q
  1. The most important preventive measure for head and facial injuries is
    a. strength.
    b. sport technique.
    c. protective equipment.
    d. neck flexibility.
A

C

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13
Q
  1. Following head trauma, an athlete appears fine, but within 10 to 20 minutes starts to exhibit signs and symptoms of neurological deterioration, such as drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and decreased level of consciousness. What injury should be suspected?
    a. Basilar fracture
    b. Concussion
    c. Subdural hematoma
    d. Epidural hematoma
A

D

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following structures would present the symptom of tinnitus?
    a. Eyes
    b. Nasal cavity
    c. TMJ
    d. Ears
A

D

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15
Q
  1. Localized area of blindness and migraine headaches are common symptoms of
    a. posttraumatic headaches.
    b. second-impact syndrome.
    c. basilar fracture.
    d. postconcussion syndrome.
A

A

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following cranial nerves would be assessed following a zygomatic arch fracture?
    a. Olfactory
    b. Trigeminal
    c. Vestibulocochlear
    d. Vagus
A

B

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17
Q
  1. In evaluating a head injury, which of the following techniques can be used by the athletic trainer to assess ability to concentrate?
    a. Ask the individual about the time, place, person, and situation
    b. Name three words or identify three objects and ask the individual to recall these words or objects
    c. Recite three digits and ask the individual to recite them backward
    d. While the individual’s eyes are open and their arms are out to the side, instruct the individual to touch the index finger of one hand to the nose and then alternate with the other hand to the nose
A

C

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18
Q
  1. After sustaining a head injury an athlete’s skin becomes pale and clammy. What condition should be suspected?
    a. Cerebral concussion
    b. Shock
    c. Expanding subdural hematoma
    d. Obstructed airway
A

B

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19
Q
  1. A common sign of a facial fracture to the maxilla or mandible is
    a. malocclusion.
    b. nosebleed.
    c. TMJ dislocation.
    d. Raccoon eyes.
A

A

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20
Q
  1. An auricle hematoma occurs at the
    a. inner ear.
    b. intermedius ear.
    c. external ear.
    d. middle ear.
A

C

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21
Q
  1. Which of the following injuries is responsible for over two-thirds of all head injury deaths?
    a. Contrecoup injuries
    b. Diffuse injuries
    c. Focal injuries
    d. Mechanical injuries
A

C

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22
Q
  1. Raccoon eyes are characteristic of which of the following injuries?
    a. Fracture of the anterior cranial fossa and sinuses
    b. Fracture of the ethmoid bone
    c. Fracture of the floor of the occiput
    d. Fracture of the nasal region
A

A

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23
Q
  1. “Targeting” or the “halo test” is used to determine the presence of
    a. blood in the ear.
    b. CSF in the ear.
    c. blood in the nasal septum.
    d. inner ear infection.
A

BB

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24
Q
  1. Treatment for an epidural hematoma is
    a. after completing special tests, return them to play.
    b. ice on the injured area and reevaluate in 20 minutes.
    c. activation of EMS.
    d. rest and observation.
A

C

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25
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true?
    a. A cerebral contusion is a diffuse injury.
    b. A mass-occupying lesion is not present in a cerebral contusion.
    c. The brainstem is a common site for cerebral contusions.
    d. A cerebral contusion is characterized by immediate and transient impairment of neural function.
A

B

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26
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a sign of a complicated subdural hematoma?
    a. Irregular respirations
    b. Pupillary dilation
    c. Individual remains unconscious
    d. Raccoon eyes
A

D

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27
Q

. Abnormal oscillating movements of the eye is termed
a. nystagmus.
b. tinnitus.
c. double vision.
d. pupillary light reflex.

A

A

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28
Q
  1. The most frequent sign or symptom associated with concussion is
    a. loss of consciousness.
    b. headache.
    c. retrograde amnesia.
    d. sensitivity to noise.
A

B

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29
Q
  1. A test used to determine the degree of balance difficulties indicative of a concussion is the
    a. Babinski test.
    b. Romberg test.
    c. Thompson test.
    d. Tinel test.
A

B

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30
Q
  1. Decreased attention span, blurred vision, vertigo, memory loss, and irritability are signs and symptoms of
    a. second-impact syndrome.
    b. traumatic brain injury.
    c. postconcussion syndrome.
    d. subdural hematoma.
A

C

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31
Q
  1. Periods of deep breathing alternating with periods of apnea is termed
    a. Cheynes-Stokes breathing.
    b. bradypnea.
    c. ataxic breathing.
    d. Biot’s breathing.
A

A

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32
Q
  1. A pulse pressure greater than ____ mm Hg indicates intracranial bleeding.
    a. 20
    b. 30
    c. 40
    d. 50
A

D

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33
Q
  1. The management for second-impact syndrome is
    a. immediate referral to a physician.
    b. activation of EMS.
    c. removal from activity and monitoring of individual every 15 minutes.
    d. application of crushed ice and compression bandage.
A

B

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34
Q
  1. Following head trauma, inability to recall events that took place earlier in the day is an example of
    a. retrograde amnesia.
    b. anterograde amnesia.
    c. vertigo.
    d. disorientation.
A

A

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35
Q
  1. Management for hyphema includes
    a. delayed referral to a physician.
    b. activation of EMS.
    c. immediate referral to an optician.
    d. immediate referral to a dentist.
A

B

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36
Q
  1. A common sign of a facial fracture of the maxilla or mandible or a temporomandibular dislocation is
    a. malocclusion.
    b. nosebleed.
    c. raccoon eyes.
    d. sunken eye
A

A

37
Q
  1. Which of the following should NOT be done when managing epistaxis?
    a. Tilt the head back to decrease bleeding
    b. Lie on the same side as the bleeding septum
    c. Place a cold compress over the nasal junction
    d. Apply finger pressure to the affected nostril for 5 minutes
A

A

38
Q
  1. Localized infection of the middle ear secondary to upper respiratory infections is called
    a. otitis externa.
    b. otitis intermedius.
    c. otitis interna.
    d. otitis media.
A

D

39
Q
  1. Replanting a tooth must be done within _______ to have a high success rate.
    a. 2 hours
    b. 12 hours
    c. 30 minutes
    d. 6 to 8 hours
A

A

40
Q
  1. Swimmer’s ear is
    a. an injury caused by friction.
    b. a viral infection.
    c. a fungal infection.
    d. a bacterial infection.
A

D

41
Q
  1. Inflammation of the deeper gum tissues that normally hold the teeth in place is termed
    a. dental caries.
    b. abscess.
    c. periodontitis.
    d. gingivitis.
A

C

42
Q
  1. The management for impacted cerumen is
    a. irrigation of the ear canal with warm water.
    b. immediate referral to a physician.
    c. application of cold.
    d. aspiration by a physician.
A

A

43
Q
  1. A relatively harmless condition that requires no treatment and resolves spontaneously in 1 to 3 weeks is
    a. conjunctivitis.
    b. subconjunctival hemorrhage.
    c. preorbital ecchymosis.
    d. hemorrhage into the anterior chamber.
A

B

44
Q
  1. An inability to elevate the eye is a classic sign of a(n)
    a. orbital blowout fracture.
    b. hyphema.
    c. preorbital ecchymosis.
    d. subconjunctival hemorrhage.
A

A

45
Q
  1. Diagnosis of concussion involves the assessment of clinical signs and symptoms in each of the following areas EXCEPT
    a. physical.
    b. cognitive.
    c. biomechanical.
    d. sleep.
A

C

46
Q
  1. Questioning an athlete after a head injury regarding their means of arrival to the game, the quarter of their injury, and the day of the week is testing the individual’s
    a. retrograde memory.
    b. mental acuity.
    c. level of consciousness.
    d. anterograde memory.
A

A

47
Q
  1. True or False? The left and right cerebellum form the major portion of the brain, accounting for 83% of total brain mass.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

48
Q
  1. True or False? The dural sinuses act as veins to transport blood from the brain to the carotid veins of the neck.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

49
Q
  1. True or False? The lacrimal glands, located above the lateral ends of the eyes, continually release tears across the surface of the eye through several small ducts.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

50
Q
  1. True or False? Eye movement and vision are controlled by cranial nerves II (optic), III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens).
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

51
Q
  1. True or False? The external carotid arteries furnish the blood supply to the posterior region of the brain.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

52
Q
  1. True or False? Acceleration causes shear, tensile, and compression strains with the brain substance, with tensile loads being the most serious.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

53
Q
  1. True or False? If cerebral injuries are recognized and treated immediately, the severity is limited to only the initial structural damage.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

54
Q
  1. True or False? Whenever an open wound is present on the skull, the area should always be covered with a sterile dressing and secured with a compression bandage to limit any swelling or bleeding.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

55
Q
  1. True or False? Whenever an open wound is present on the skull, the area should always be covered with a sterile dressing and secured with a compression bandage to limit any swelling or bleeding.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

56
Q
  1. True or False? Bradypnea is a potential sign of increased intracranial pressure.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

57
Q
  1. True or False? If a force is not sufficient to cause a skull fracture, an intracranial injury cannot occur.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

58
Q
  1. True or False? During a soccer game, an athlete falls and strikes his or her head on the ground. The individual experiences confusion and a mild headache. Within a few minutes, the confusion is no longer apparent. The athlete should be permitted to return to play.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

59
Q
  1. True or False? In an epidural hematoma, brain injury is usually not substantial and signs and symptoms may not be present for 24 hours or more after injury.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

60
Q
  1. True or False? The inability of the pupils to accommodate to light is a possible indication of head trauma.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

61
Q
  1. True or False? In a subacute subdural hematoma, brain injury is usually not substantial, and signs and symptoms may not be present for 24 hours or more after injury.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

62
Q
  1. True or False? In a concussion, physiological cerebral dysfunction can occur in the absence of damage to brain tissue.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

63
Q
  1. True or False? Following a suspected concussion, it is recommended that the patient be monitored at 15-minute intervals from the time of injury until the condition is rectified or the patient is referred for further care.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

64
Q
  1. True or False? The foundation of concussion management is physical and cognitive rest until symptoms resolve, and then a graduated program of exertion prior to medical clearance and return to play.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

65
Q
  1. True or False? Irritability and sadness are potential physical changes associated with concussion.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

66
Q
  1. True or False? A fracture of the zygomatic arch will result in double vision and a flat or depressed cheek.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

67
Q
  1. True or False? Bleeding or cerebrospinal fluid leaking from the ear may indicate a basilar skull fracture behind the tympanic membrane or auditory canal.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

68
Q
  1. True or False? Swimmer’s ear will produce complaints of “ears popping” and will show an amber-colored or bloody fluid that can be seen through the eardrum.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

69
Q
  1. True or False? Most fractured teeth cannot be repaired and therefore necessitate a root canal.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

70
Q
  1. True or False? Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye usually results from blunt trauma from a small ball and is considered a medical emergency.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

71
Q
  1. True or False? Following a hit in the face, an individual’s cheek appears flat and depressed with swelling about the eye. A zygomatic arch fracture should be suspected.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

72
Q
  1. True or False? The critical part of using the SAC instrument is to collect baseline normative data that can be used for comparison purposes in the event of a concussion to determine the severity of injury and follow the individual’s recovery.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

73
Q
  1. True or False? A positive Babinski reflex suggests an upper motor neuron lesion and is demonstrated by extension of the big toe and abduction (splaying) of the other toes.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

74
Q
  1. Identify four “physical” signs and symptoms of concussion.
A

Answer: Possible responses
a. Headache
b. Nausea
c. Vomiting
d. Balance problems
e. Visual problems
f. Fatigued
g. Photophobia
h. Sensitivity to noise
i. Dazed
j. Stunned

75
Q
  1. Identify four “emotional” signs and symptoms of concussion.
    s
A

a. Answer: Irritability
b. Sadness
c. More emotional
d. Nervousnes

76
Q
  1. Identify four “cognitive” signs and symptoms of concussion.
A

Answer: Possible responses
a. Feeling like in a “fog”
b. Feeling slowed down
c. Difficulty concentrating
d. Difficulty remembering
e. Forgetful of recent information
f. Confused about recent events
g. Answers questions slowly
h. Repeats questions

77
Q
  1. Identify four “sleep” signs and symptoms of concussion.
A

a. Answer: Drowsiness
b. Sleeping more than usual
c. Sleeping less than usual
d. Difficulty falling asleep

78
Q
  1. List at least six signs and symptoms of a skull fracture.
A

Answer: Possible responses
a. Visible deformity
b. Bleeding or clear fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) from the nose and/or ear
c. Deep laceration or severe bruise to the scalp
d. Loss of smell
e. Palpable depression or crepitus
f. Loss of sight or major vision disturbances
g. Unequal pupils
h. Unconsciousness for more than 2 minutes after direct trauma to the head
i. Discoloration under both eyes (raccoon eyes) or behind the ear (Battle sign)

79
Q
  1. List at least four ear “red flags” requiring examination by a physician.
A

Answer: Possible responses
a. Bleeding or cerebrospinal fluid from the ear canal
b. Feeling of fullness in the ear; vertigo
c. Bleeding or swelling behind the ear (Battle sign)
d. Foreign body in the ear that cannot be easily removed

e. Hematoma or swelling that removes the creases of the outer ear
f. “Popping” or itching in the ear
g. Tinnitus or hearing impairment
h. Pain when the ear lobe is pulled

80
Q
  1. List at least four eye “red flags” requiring examination by a physician.
A

Answer: Possible responses
a. Visual disturbances or loss of vision
b. Blood in the anterior chamber
c. Unequal pupils or bilateral, dilated pupils
d. Embedded foreign body
e. Irregular eye movement or failure to adjust to light
f. Individual complaining of floaters, light flashes, or a “curtain falling over the eye”
g. Severe ecchymosis and swelling (raccoon eyes)
h. Itching, burning, watery eye that appears pink
i. Suspected corneal abrasion or corneal laceration
j. Displaced contact lens that cannot be easily removed

81
Q
  1. List at least four nasal “red flags” requiring examination by a physician.
A

Answer: Possible responses
a. Bleeding or cerebrospinal fluid from the nose
b. Nosebleed that does not stop within 5 minutes
c. Loss of smell
d. Foreign objects that cannot be removed easily
e. Nasal deformity or fracture

82
Q
  1. List at least four oral and dental “red flags” requiring examination by a physician.
A

Answer: Possible responses
a. Lacerations involving the lip, outer border of the lip, or tongue
b. Any individual complaining of persistent toothache or sensitivity to heat and cold
c. Loose teeth either laterally displaced, intruded, or extruded
d. Inability to close the jaw
e. Chipped, cracked, fractured, or dislodged teeth
f. Malocclusion of the teeth

83
Q
  1. List at least four facial “red flags” requiring examination by a physician.
A

Answer: Possible responses
a. Obvious deformity or crepitus
b. Irregular eye movement or failure to accommodate to light
c. Appearance of a long face
d. Malocclusion of the teeth
e. Increased pain on palpation

84
Q
  1. While moving through the circuit training area, an adult exerciser received a significant blow to the eye from another exerciser’s elbow. The assessment reveals diplopia, absent eye movement, and a recessed, downward displaced globe. What injury should be suspected? How should this condition be managed?
A

Answer: The suspected injury is an orbital “blowout” fracture. The management includes application of ice without pressure over the site of injury and immediate referral to the nearest medical facility.

85
Q
  1. A basketball player sustained a blow to the nose, and the nose is now bleeding severely. What is the management for this injury?
A

Answer: The management includes wearing latex gloves; applying mild pressure over the nasal bones; applying ice; applying a nasal plug or pledget; and referring to a physician if bleeding does not stop within 5 minutes

86
Q
  1. A field hockey player has been hit in the head with a ball. The athlete is conscious but dazed. What questions should be asked as part of the history component of an on-the-field evaluation?
A

Answer: Questions should address the following areas:
Loss of consciousness (e.g., “Did you lose consciousness?” If so, was it immediate?); orientation (e.g., “Can you tell me what happened?” “Do you know where you are?” “Do you know the time of day?” “Can you tell me if we’re at practice or playing a game?”); memory (e.g., “Do you know what happened on the last play?” “Can you tell me the names of three teams in our conference?” “Can you tell me what you did earlier today?”); ability to concentrate (e.g., recite three digits and ask the athlete to recite them back to you; move to four digits, and them five); symptoms (e.g. “How is your headache?” “Do you hear any ringing?” “Do you have any nausea?”)

87
Q
  1. After colliding with another player, a soccer athlete is lying on the field complaining of a headache and dizziness. What should be included in the observation component of an assessment for a suspected cranial injury?
A

Answer: The observation include obvious deformities; body posturing; facial expressions and behaviors; bleeding and/or CSF from the ears or nose; discoloration around the eyes or behind the ears; skin color and presence of sweat; pupil abnormalities (e.g., size; ability to accommodate to light); notation of any vomiting; changes in emotional behavior (e.g., irritability, aggressive behavior, or uncontrolled crying)

88
Q
  1. Explain the evaluation and management of a suspected skull fracture.
A

Answer: a. Stabilize the head and neck.
b. Check the airway, breathing, and circulation.
c. Take vital signs (i.e., pulse, respiration, and blood pressure).
d. Observe for the following:
i. Swelling or discoloration around the eyes or behind the ears
ii. Blood or cerebrospinal fluid leaking from the nose or ears
iii. Pupil size, pupillary response to light, and eye movement
e. Palpate for depressions, blood, and crepitus. Palpate cervical vertebrae for associated neck injury.
Management
f. Activate the emergency plan, including summoning emergency medical services.
g. Cover any open wounds with a sterile dressing, but do not apply pressure to the area.
h. Elevate the upper body and head if there is no evidence of shock or of neck or spinal injury. If such evidence is present, keep the individual lying flat.
i. Treat for shock.
j. Recheck vital signs and symptoms every 5 minutes until emergency medical services arrives.

89
Q
  1. What is the difference between focal and diffuse injury to the brain? What are the broad areas that must be addressed in assessing a potential head injury?
A

Answer: Cerebral trauma can lead to focal injuries, involving only localized damage (i.e., epidural, subdural, or intracerebral hematomas), or diffuse injuries that involve widespread disruption and damage to the function and/or structure of the brain (i.e., concussion).
Areas that must be addressed include loss of consciousness; headache; confusion; memory loss; nausea; tinnitus; pupillary changes; dizziness; loss of coordination; changes in pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.

CATA exam (33 decks)

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