Chap 28

Question 1

Which of the following is typically not associated with a viral infection?
a. Asthma
b. Influenza
c. Sinusitis
d. Pharyngitis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

2. Individuals suffering from all but which of the following are at greater risk for getting exercise-induced bronchospasm?
   a. Hyperventilation
   b. Sinus disease
   c. Bronchitis
   d. Mononucleosis

Answer 2

D

Question 3

. Wheezing is most often associated with
a. rhinitis.
b. sinusitis.
c. asthma.
d. influenza.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

4. Which of the following sports presents the least risk for increasing bronchospasm in an asthmatic athlete?
   a. Cross country
   b. Soccer
   c. Rugby
   d. Swimming

Answer 4

D

Question 5

5. Rhinorrhea, a symptom of the common cold, refers to
   a. nasal itching.
   b. clear nasal discharge.
   c. eye puffiness.
   d. sneezing.

Answer 5

B

Question 6

6. Vitamin C supplements are known to
   a. decrease the pain associated with a scratching throat.
   b. decrease wheezing associated with asthma.
   c. decrease the duration of cold episodes.
   d. decrease inflammation associated with sinusitis.

Answer 6

C

Question 7

7. The etiology of sinusitis includes each of the following EXCEPT
   a. bacterial infection.
   b. allergens.
   c. environmental factors.
   d. fungal infection.

Answer 7

D

Question 8

8. The most common facial sinus associated with sinusitis is the
   a. ethmoid sinus.
   b. frontal sinus.
   c. ethmoid and frontal sinus.
   d. maxillary sinus.

Answer 8

C

Question 9

9. Throat pain during pharyngitis may radiate to the ear via the
   a. optic nerve.
   b. trigeminal nerve.
   c. hypoglossal nerve.
   d. glossopharyngeal nerve.

Answer 9

D

Question 10

10. _______ are used to treat streptococcal pharyngitis.
    a. Antibiotics
    b. Decongestants
    c. Antipyretics
    d. Antihistamines

Answer 10

A

Question 11

11. Which of the following signs and symptoms is associated with influenza but NOT associated with pharyngitis or sinusitis?
    a. Low-grade fever
    b. Sore throat
    c. Fever
    d. Body aches

Answer 11

D

Question 12

12. It is recommended that all but which of the following individuals get immunization for influenza type A and B viruses?
    a. Pregnant women
    b. Women of child-bearing age
    c. Individuals with heart disease
    d. Children

Answer 12

B

Question 13

13. When taking a medical history for _________, the relationship of symptoms and seasons or exposures that trigger symptoms needs to be established.
    a. bronchitis
    b. allergic rhinitis
    c. exercise-induced bronchospasm
    d. common cold

Answer 13

B

Question 14

14. ________ is NOT a sign or symptom of exercise-induced bronchospasm.
    a. Wheezing
    b. Chest pain or tightness
    c. Stomach cramps after exercise
    d. Syncope

Answer 14

D

Question 15

15. A peak flow meter is used to determine
    a. the pressure level within a sinus cavity.
    b. forced expired air volume.
    c. forced inhaled air volume.
    d. the diameter of the bronchial tubes.

Answer 15

B

Question 16

16. Use of decongestants for more than 3 to 4 days can result in
    a. decreased mucus production.
    b. decreased edema.
    c. increased mucus production.
    d. increased nasal itching.

Answer 16

C

Question 17

17. When using a metered-dose inhaler, the inhaler should be held
    a.  in from the mouth.
    b. 1 in from the mouth.
    c. 1 to 2 in from the mouth.
    d. 2 to 3 in from the mouth.

Answer 17

C

Question 18

18. After breathing in the medication from a metered-dose inhaler, the individual should hold their breath for
    a. 1 to 2 seconds.
    b. 3 to 5 seconds.
    c. 5 seconds.
    d. 10 seconds.

Answer 18

D

Question 19

19. A severe disorder of young children following an acute illness, characterized by recurrent vomiting beginning within a week after onset of the condition, from which the child either recovers rapidly or lapses into a coma with intracranial hypertension is termed
    a. meningitis.
    b. Reye syndrome.
    c. viral pneumonia.
    d. bacterial pneumonia.

Answer 19

B

Question 20

20. In addition to fever, painful swallowing, and sore throat, which of the following is a sign of tonsillitis
    a. cough.
    b. pain in the upper teeth.
    c. facial pain.
    d. bad breath.

Answer 20

D

Question 21

21. Which of the following is not a preventive measure for the common cold?
    a. Avoiding extreme fatigue
    b. Avoiding undue temperature changes by adjusting attire
    c. Decreasing fluid intake
    d. Eating a balanced diet

Answer 21

C

Question 22

22. An obstruction of the ostium due to local mucosal swelling, local insult, or mechanical obstruction is
    a. bronchitis.
    b. common cold.
    c. pharyngitis.
    d. sinusitis.

Answer 22

D

Question 23

23. Flu generally has an incubation period of
    a. 24 to 48 hours.
    b. 48 to 72 hours.
    c. 3 to 4 days.
    d. 4 to 6 days.

Answer 23

A

Question 24

24. An acute seasonal allergic condition that results from airborne pollens is called
    a. bronchitis.
    b. coryza.
    c. hay fever.
    d. pharyngitis.

Answer 24

C

Question 25

25. Hay fever may be relieved by
    a. antifungal medications.
    b. antihistamines.
    c. aspirin.
    d. nasal vasodilators.

Answer 25

B

Question 26

26. A condition resulting from infection and inhalants that can lead to inflammation of the mucosal lining of the tracheobronchial tree is called
    a. bronchitis.
    b. hay fever.
    c. influenza.
    d. rhinitis.

Answer 26

a

Question 27

27. A common sign associated with bronchial asthma is
    a. cyanosis.
    b. lethargy.
    c. prolonged rhinitis
    d. wheezing.

Answer 27

D

Question 28

28. Exercise-induced bronchospasm typically develops how long after strenuous exercise begins?
    a. 8 to 10 minutes
    b. 15 to 20 minutes
    c. 30 to 40 minutes
    d. 1 hour

Answer 28

A

Question 29

29. Aspirin should NOT be administered to children under the age of
    a. 6 years.
    b. 9 years.
    c. 16 years.
    d. 19 years.

Answer 29

D

Question 30

30. An individual with laryngitis should be seen by a physician if which of the following conditions develop?
    a. A low-grade fever
    b. A sore throat
    c. The presence of green or yellow sputum
    d. A cough

Answer 30

C

Question 31

31. A potential unwanted side effects of antihistamine drugs is
    a. lethargy.
    b. mucous membrane dryness.
    c. nausea.
    d. All of the above

Answer 31

D

Question 32

32. The treatment for viral pneumonia is
    a. an antibiotic.
    b. rest and fluids.
    c. use of a bronchodilator.
    d. a decongestant.

Answer 32

B

Question 33

33. Facial pain and pressure over the eye region as a result of nasal congestion and discharge is characteristic of
    a. bronchitis.
    b. common cold.
    c. pharyngitis.
    d. sinusitis.

Answer 33

D

Question 34

34. Allergic rhinitis may be relieved by
    a. antifungal medications.
    b. antihistamines.
    c. aspirin.
    d. nasal vasodilators.

Answer 34

B

Question 35

35. True or False? Vitamin C has been shown to decrease not only the incidence of colds but also the duration and severity of symptoms.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 35

B

Question 36

36. True or False? Signs and symptoms of influenza include a fever of 102°F to 103°F, chills, malaise, headache, a hacking cough, and inflamed mucosal membranes.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 36

A

Question 37

37. True or False? Exercise-induced bronchospasm rarely affects individuals without known asthma.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 37

B

Question 38

38. True or False? Sinusitis can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 38

A

Question 39

39. True or False? Tonsillitis is contagious and generally spreads from person to person in coughs, sneezes, and nasal fluids.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 39

A

Question 40

40. True or False? The key to differentiating allergic rhinitis from other respiratory conditions is taking a complete history.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 40

A

Question 41

41. True or False? Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a productive daily cough for at least 3 consecutive months in 2 successive years.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 41

A

Question 42

42. True or False? Use of a bronchodilator containing a -agonist and/or cromolyn sodium 15 minutes prior to exercise can reduce the incidence of exercise-induced asthma.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 42

A

Question 43

43. True or False? Hay fever is caused by airborne pollens and fungal spores.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 43

A

Question 44

44. True or False? The common cold is an acute viral infection that can be triggered by aspirin insensitivity.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 44

B

Question 45

45. True or False? Sinusitis can be acute, subacute, or chronic.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 45

A

Question 46

46. True or False? Treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis is rest, plenty of fluids, warm saline gargles, and mild analgesics.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 46

B

Question 47

47. True or False? A common sign associated with bronchial asthma is prolonged rhinitis.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 47

B

Question 48

48. True or False? The risk of rhinitis increases throughout childhood and adolescence.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 48

A

Question 49

49. True or False? There is no specific therapy available for most viral bronchitis.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 49

A

Question 50

50. True or False? If cold symptoms are mild, exercise is safe.
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 50

A

Question 51

51. Match the following terms and definitions.
52. Rhinorrhea a. behind the eyes
53. Retro-orbital b. hay fever
54. Malaise c. frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
55. Allergic rhinitis d. between the sinuses
56. Facial sinuses e. Benadryl
57. Ostium f. nasal discharge
58. Antibiotics g. penicillin, erythromycin
59. Antihistamine h. feeling tired

Answer 51

Answer: 1-f, 2-a, 3-h, 4-b, 5-c, 6-d, 7-g, 8-e

Question 52

52. A volleyball player has suddenly developed a headache, general body aches, and is slightly chilled. What questions and observations would help to confirm your suspicion that the player is developing the flu?

Answer 52

Answer: Questions should be asked regarding chills; malaise; general muscle soreness; a hacking cough; sore throat. The individual should be observed for watery eyes; fatigue; pale skin. The individual’s temperature should be taken using an oral thermometer.

Question 53

53. A swimmer continues to have reoccurring common cold. What signs and symptoms would be expected with this condition? In addition to the signs and symptoms associated with the common cold, the swimmer also exhibits nasal congestion, facial pain over the sinus region, pain behind the eyes, and coughing. What other condition might the swimmer be experiencing?

Answer 53

Answer: The signs and symptoms include a rapid onset of clear nasal discharge (rhinorrhea), nasal itching, sneezing, nonproductive cough, and associated itching and puffiness of the eyes. Malaise, a mild sore throat, chills, and, in some cases, a low-grade fever may also be present.
The other condition the swimmer may be experiencing is sinusitis.

Question 54

54. What strategies can be implemented to reduce the risk of getting a cold?

Answer 54

Answer:
The strategies include:
a. Avoid contact with individuals who have upper respiratory infections (URIs), particularly children, who tend to have more frequent URIs.
b. In the presence of individuals who have URIs, avoid touching objects or sharing objects that they have touched.
c. Wash the hands frequently during cold season, and avoid touching the eyes and nose with the fingers. This will prevent many viruses from reaching the mucus membranes.
d. Drink plenty of clear, nonalcoholic fluids.
e. Although vitamin C supplements will not decrease the incidence of colds, they will decrease the duration and severity of symptoms.
f. Reduce environmental factors (e.g., dust, smog, allergens) that may be a predisposing factor for rhinitis.
g. Reduce stress.
h. If using a topical decongestant, follow the instructions carefully. Do not prolong its use because rebound rhinitis may occur. Use decongestants during the day and, because of their sedative effect, antihistamines at night.
i. If cold symptoms are mild, exercise is safe. If, however, symptoms include headache, fever, muscle aches, hacking productive cough, or loss of appetite, then exercise should cease. Rest is best.

Question 55

55. A baseball player has exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). What conditions might contribute to the severity of this respiratory problem? What signs and symptoms can you expect when the baseball player experiences EIB? What can the baseball player do to prevent the onset of EIB?

Answer 55

Answer: The contributing conditions include ambient air conditions; exposure to allergens; poor physical conditioning; respiratory infections; the amount of time since the last episode of EIB. The signs and symptoms include chest pain and tightness with or without wheezing; a dry cough; lack of energy; shortness of breath shortly after or during exercise. Strategies for preventing EIB include taking medications for asthma as prescribed; using a bronchodilator 15 minutes prior to exercise; warming-up 5 to 10 minutes prior to exercise; progressing into the workout and slowly increasing the intensity; breathing slowly through the nose; avoiding exposure to air pollutants and allergens; doing a graduated 10 to 30 minutes of cool-down after activity.