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CATA exam > Chap 18 > Flashcards

Chap 18 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The sacroiliac joints are
    a. synovial joints.
    b. syndesmosis joints.
    c. synovial and syndesmosis joints.
    d. sliding joints.
A

c

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2
Q
  1. A decreased angle between the femoral condyle and the femoral head is called
    a. coxa valga.
    b. coxa vara.
    c. retroversion.
    d. anteversion.
A

c

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3
Q
  1. The _____ bursa provides a cushion between the greater trochanter of the femur and the gluteus maximus.
    a. iliopsoas
    b. deep trochanteric
    c. gluteofemoral
    d. ischial
A

b

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4
Q
  1. An excessive Q-angle predisposes an individual to
    a. patella injuries.
    b. iliofemoral ligament sprain.
    c. sacroiliac joint dysfunction.
    d. iliopsoas bursitis
A

a

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5
Q

. The two innominate bones of the hip are the
a. sacrum and coccyx.
b. pelvis and coccyx.
c. sacrum and ischium.
d. ilium and pelvis.

A

A

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following limits hip hyperextension?
    a. Acetabulum
    b. Ischiofemoral ligament
    c. Iliofemoral ligament
    d. Gluteus maximus
A

C

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7
Q
  1. An athlete experienced an acute muscular injury to the soft tissue of the anterior hip. Upon manual muscle testing, you find weakness with hip flexion and knee extension. Based on those findings, which of the following is most likely?
    a. Biceps femoris strain
    b. Rectus femoris strain
    c. Gluteus medius strain
    d. Iliopsoas strain
A

B

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8
Q
  1. In posterior, superior hip dislocations, which structure may be damaged?
    a. Femoral nerve
    b. Sciatic nerve
    c. Greater saphenous
    d. Obturator nerve
A

A

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9
Q
  1. Each of the following is a frequent complaint with a stress fracture to the pubis or femoral neck EXCEPT
    a. inguinal pain.
    b. pain while using the flutter kick.
    c. dull pain.
    d. night pain.
A

B

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10
Q
  1. Each of the following can be performed to prevent formation of myositis ossificans EXCEPT
    a. PNF stretching during the acute phase.
    b. protective padding prior to sports reentry.
    c. cryotherapy.
    d. thermotherapy during the subacute phase.
A

A

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11
Q
  1. The zona orbicularis attaches to the femoral neck in a circular fashion and contributes to
    a. hip flexibility.
    b. hip stability.
    c. internal thigh rotation.
    d. external thigh rotation.
A

B

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following would NOT be associated with deep peritrochanteric (a.k.a. greater trochanteric bursitis)?
    a. Gluteus maximus
    b. Gluteus medius
    c. Iliotibial band
    d. Tensor fasciae latae
A

B

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13
Q
  1. An individual appears to have lateral curvature of the spine. Which of the following could be used to confirm this suspicion?
    a. Scan examination
    b. Active extension test
    c. Adam test
    d. Active lateral bending test
A

C

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14
Q
  1. An athlete sustained a hyperextension force to the iliofemoral joint. Evaluation reveals pain and decreased motion upon passive hip extension. Which of the following structures is most likely to be injured?
    a. Greater trochanteric bursa
    b. Gluteus maximus
    c. Ischiofemoral ligament
    d. Ligament of Bigelow
A

D

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15
Q
  1. Weakness of the gluteus medius is determined by
    a. Trendelenburg test.
    b. squish test.
    c. Thomas test.
    d. resistive hip flexion.
A

A

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16
Q
  1. Tenderness upon palpation of the ischial tuberosity may indicate each but of the following EXCEPT
    a. hamstring tendonitis.
    b. sciatica.
    c. ischial bursitis.
    d. avulsion fracture.
A

D

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17
Q
  1. A difference in bilateral height in the ASIS usually indicates
    a. a leg length discrepancy.
    b. degenerative disk disease.
    c. a tight piriformis muscle.
    d. muscle spasms of the iliopsoas.
A

A

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18
Q
  1. Injury to the piriformis often mimics
    a. adductor strain.
    b. iliotibial band syndrome.
    c. spinal stenosis.
    d. hamstring tendinitis.
A

B

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19
Q
  1. Avascular necrosis of the hip usually occurs at the
    a. head of the femur.
    b. greater trochanter.
    c. acetabulum.
    d. ASIS.
A

A

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20
Q
  1. After sustaining an injury to the hip, an athlete has weakness in knee extension. Which of the following might structure may be involved?
    a. Sciatic nerve
    b. Femoral nerve
    c. Tibial nerve
    d. Obturator nerve
A

B

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21
Q
  1. Which of the following is used to determine the severity of a hamstring strain?
    a. Passive knee flexion
    b. Active and resistive knee flexion
    c. Active and resistive knee extension
    d. Resistive hip flexion
A

B

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22
Q
  1. The weakest component of the femur is the
    a. femoral head.
    b. femoral neck.
    c. femoral shaft.
    d. supracondylar ridge.
A

B

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23
Q
  1. The iliofemoral ligament prevents excessive
    a. abduction.
    b. adduction.
    c. hip flexion.
    d. hip extension.
A

D

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24
Q
  1. The nerve that innervates the hip adductors is the
    a. common peroneal.
    b. femoral.
    c. obturator.
    d. tibial.
A

C

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25
Q
  1. Overdevelopment of which muscle(s) can lead to anterior pelvic tilt?
    a. Hamstrings
    b. Iliopsoas
    c. Pectineus
    d. Rectus femoris
A

B

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26
Q
  1. In a posterior, superior hip dislocation, which major nerve may be damaged?
    a. Femoral
    b. Greater saphenous
    c. Obturator
    d. Sciatic
A

D

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27
Q
  1. A contusion caused by direct compression to an unprotected iliac crest is referred to as
    a. a hip pointer.
    b. an iliac hematoma.
    c. an iliac tenosynovitis.
    d. myositis ossificans.
A

A

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28
Q
  1. A condition that may occur after a contusion to the quadriceps muscle group involving abnormal ossification of bone deposition within the muscle tissue is called
    a. exostosis.
    b. myositis ossificans.
    c. myochondritis exostosis.
    d. osteochondritis.
A

B

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29
Q
  1. Runners who cross the feet over their midline during running increase the Q-angle and can develop
    a. gluteus medius strain.
    b. iliopsoas bursitis.
    c. pes anserine bursitis.
    d. trochanteric bursitis.
A

D

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30
Q
  1. In hip dislocation, when the head of the femur displaces in a posterior superior direction, the leg typically rests in what position?
    a. Extended and externally rotated
    b. Extended and internally rotated
    c. Flexed and externally rotated
    d. Flexed and internally rotated
A

D

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31
Q
  1. In a femoral shaft fracture, the thigh appears
    a. shortened and externally rotated.
    b. shortened and internally rotated.
    c. to be the same length, but externally rotated.
    d. to be the same length, but internally rotated.
A

A

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32
Q
  1. The tibial nerve innervates all of the hamstrings EXCEPT the
    a. long head of the biceps femoris.
    b. semimembranosus.
    c. semitendinosus.
    d. short head of the biceps femoris.
A

D

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33
Q
  1. An individual who complains of sharp groin pain and weakness when running sideways, but not straight ahead, may have a strain to the
    a. abductor muscles.
    b. adductor muscles.
    c. iliopsoas complex.
    d. rectus femoris
A

B

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34
Q
  1. A strain to what muscle(s) would cause palpable pain in the midbuttock region that worsens at night and may produce weakness or numbness extending down the back of the leg?
    a. Adductor magnus
    b. Biceps femoris
    c. Piriformis
    d. Semimembranosus
A

B

35
Q
  1. Avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis is called
    a. Larsen-Johansson disease.
    b. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.
    c. Osgood-Schlatter disease.
    d. Osteochondritis dissecans.
A

B

36
Q
  1. Acute inflammation of a vein is called
    a. arteriosclerosis.
    b. phlebothrombosis.
    c. thrombophlebitis.
    d. venous cavitation.
A

C

37
Q
  1. A blood clot that travels through the circulatory system to lodge in a blood vessel in the lungs is called
    a. arteriosclerosis.
    b. arterioplasty.
    c. pulmonary arteritis.
    d. pulmonary embolism.
A

D

38
Q
  1. An avulsion fracture at the anterior superior iliac spine may involve which muscle?
    a. Pectineus
    b. Rectus femoris
    c. Sartorius
    d. Vastus intermedius
A

C

39
Q
  1. Each of the following is a frequent complaint with a stress fracture to the pubis or femoral neck EXCEPT
    a. inguinal pain.
    b. night pain.
    c. pain on hip rotation.
    d. pain while using the flutter kick when swimming.
A

D

40
Q
  1. It is not unusual to have severe bleeding after a femoral fracture lead to
    a. anaphylactic shock.
    b. hypovolemic shock.
    c. metabolic shock.
    d. septic shock.
A

B

41
Q
  1. A positive FABER (Patrick) test result may indicate each of the following EXCEPT
    a. hip joint contracture.
    b. iliopsoas spasm.
    c. iliotibial band syndrome.
    d. tight piriformis muscle.
A

C

42
Q
  1. A transient inflammatory condition characterized by a painful hip joint accompanied with an antalgic gait and limp, and occurs mainly in children, is called
    a. toxic synovitis.
    b. Larsen-Johansson disease.
    c. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.
    d. osteitis pubis.
A

A

43
Q
  1. Muscle atrophy of the _______ during chronic hamstring strains can lead to anterolateral knee instability.
    a. biceps femoris
    b. Semimembranosus
    c. Semitendinosus
    d. rectus femoris
A

A

44
Q
  1. Lack of circulation in the hamstrings would indicate an injury to the
    a. peroneal artery.
    b. tibial artery.
    c. axillary artery.
    d. femoral artery.
A

D

45
Q
  1. The rectus femoris is often injured during
    a. explosive knee flexion and hip extension movements.
    b. explosive knee extension and hip flexion movements.
    c. explosive hip flexion.
    d. explosive hip abduction movements.
A

B

46
Q
  1. True or False? The hip adductors also contribute to flexion and internal rotation at the hip.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

47
Q
  1. True or False? Lateral rotator stretch in a seated position can be used to stretch the piriformis muscle.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

48
Q
  1. True or False? An individual with a mild quadriceps contusion will walk with a limp but will have only mild pain and swelling.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

49
Q
  1. True or False? Abnormal ossification involving bone deposition within muscle tissue is called an exostosis.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

50
Q
  1. True or False? Runners who cross the feet over their midline as they run can functionally increase the Q-angle and develop trochanteric bursitis.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

51
Q
  1. True or False? If the hip is in a flexed and internally rotated fixed position, a posterior, superior dislocation should be suspected.
A

A

52
Q
  1. True or False? If pain is felt directly over the anterior superior iliac spine, an avulsion fracture of the rectus femoris should be suspected.
A

B

53
Q
  1. True or False? The quadriceps muscles are the most frequently strained in the body.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

54
Q
  1. True or False? The hamstrings are important dynamic stabilizers of the knee, and therefore strengthening exercises for this muscle group should be a major component of any hip or knee rehabilitation program.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

55
Q
  1. True or False? An individual who complains of a dull ache in the midbuttock region, pain that worsens at night, and weakness or numbness down the back of the leg may have a piriformis syndrome.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

56
Q
  1. True or False? A young boy with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease can return to sports participation after 8 to 12 weeks of rest.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

57
Q
  1. True or False? If an adolescent boy is unable to perform internal rotation at the hip or stand on one leg without severe pain, a slipped capital femoral epiphysis should be suspected.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

58
Q
  1. True or False? Increased pain with gentle compression along the long axis of the femur indicates a possible fracture of the acetabulum.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

59
Q
  1. True or False? Weakness and pain in resisted knee flexion with the femur internally rotated indicates a strain of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

60
Q
  1. True or False? During the Thomas test, if the straight right leg rises off the table while the leg thigh is brought to the chest, it indicates the presence of flexion contractures in the right iliopsoas muscle.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

61
Q
  1. True or False? The FABER test is used to indicate possible sacroiliac joint pathology.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

62
Q
  1. True or False? The weakest portion of the femur is the distal supracondylar ridge, because it is smaller in diameter than the rest of the bone and internally weak because it is primarily composed of cancellous bone.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

63
Q
  1. True or False? In an adductor strain, the athlete may report that running straight ahead and backwards does not cause pain.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

64
Q
  1. True or False? A possible sign of a groin strain is pain with passive stretching in hip extension and hip abduction.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

65
Q
  1. True or False? Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is an avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

66
Q
  1. True or False? The normal range of motion for lateral rotation of the hip is 30° to 40°.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

67
Q
  1. True or False? True leg length is determined by measuring the distance from the distal edge of the ASIS to the distal aspect of the medial malleolus.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

68
Q
  1. True or False? The Kendall test is used to assess iliotibial band tightness.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

69
Q
  1. True or False? A positive Trendelenburg test indicates weakness or instability of the hip abductor muscles.
    a. True
    b. False
A

A

70
Q
  1. True or False? The myotome for knee extension is L4.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

71
Q
  1. True or False? During the straight leg raising test, if both legs are raised simultaneously and pain occurs prior to 70° of flexion, it indicates bilaterally tight hamstrings.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

72
Q
  1. True or False? The femur angles laterally downward from the hip during the support phase of walking and running, enabling single-leg support beneath the body’s center of gravity.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

73
Q
  1. True or False? Hyperlordosis can lead to posterior pelvic tilt.
    a. True
    b. False
A

B

74
Q
  1. Match these tests with the appropriate myotome or special test.
  2. Ankle dorsiflexion a. myotome for S1
  3. Sacroiliac compression test b. rectus femoris contracture
  4. Hip extension c. deep venous thrombosis
  5. Hip flexion d. anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain
  6. Homan sign e. myotome for L4
  7. Kendall test f. myotome for L1–L2
A

Answer: 1-e, 2-d, 3-a, 4-f, 5-c, 6-b

75
Q
  1. Match these tests with the appropriate myotome or special test.
  2. Knee extension a. posterior sacroiliac ligament sprain
  3. Knee flexion b. flexion contractures
  4. Lasègue test c. myotome for L5
  5. SI compression/distraction test d. myotome for L3
  6. Thomas test e. myotome for S2
  7. Toe extension f. tight hamstrings or stretching of the dura mater
A

Answer: 1-d, 2-e, 3-f, 4-a, 5-b, 6-c

76
Q
  1. A baseball player sustains a contusion after being struck in the thigh by a line drive. Explain immediate management of this injury.
A

Answer: The management includes the application of ice, compression, and elevation. The knee should be in a position of maximal flexion while applying ICE.

77
Q
  1. A rugby player is down on the field after receiving a severe blow to the anterior right thigh. The thigh is externally rotated and severely angulated. Swelling is present and the athlete is in severe pain. Explain the immediate management for this injury.
A

Answer: The management includes assessment of the neurovascular function of the leg; activation of EMS; maintenance of a stable and comfortable position; treatment for shock.

78
Q
  1. What are the signs and symptoms of a gluteal strain?
A

Answer: Signs and symptoms include:
i. History of muscle overload or repetitive muscular contractions, as occurs in when weight lifting or rowing
ii. Increased pain or weakness during the following:
iii. Passive hip flexion with the knee flexed
iv. Active hip extension with the knee flexed
v. Resisted hip extension with the knee flexed

79
Q
  1. What are the signs and symptoms of a quadriceps strain?
A

Answer: Signs and symptoms include:
Snapping or tearing sensation at the anterior inferior iliac spine or at midthigh during an explosive movement
Increased pain or weakness elicited during:
a. Passive knee flexion
i. Grade I: >90° is painful
ii. Grade II: Limited to 45° to 90°
iii. Grade III: Limited to <45°
b. Active knee extension with a flexed hip
c. Resisted knee extension
Isolated rectus femoris strain produces increased pain and weakness during the following:
a. Passive knee flexion and hip extension
b. Active knee extension and hip flexion
c. Resisted hip flexion with the knee flexed at 45°

80
Q
  1. What are the signs and symptoms of a hamstring strain?
A

Answer: Signs and symptoms include:
History of poor posture, inflexibility, and muscle imbalance
Injury often occurs when muscle function suddenly changes from a stabilizing knee flexor to an active hip extensor, as occurs in sprinting, and may occur midstride
Sharp pain in the posterior thigh
Increased pain or weakness during the following:
a. Passive knee extension
b. Passive hip flexion
c. Active knee flexion
d. Active hip extension with an extended knee
e. Resisted knee flexion:
i. Medial hamstrings—tibia internally rotated
ii. Lateral hamstrings—tibia externally rotated
f. Resisted hip extension with an extended knee

81
Q
  1. What are the signs and symptoms of an adductor strain?
A

Answer: The signs and symptoms include:
No pain with running straight ahead or backward but pain with sliding sideways
Increased pain or weakness during:
a. Passive hip abduction
b. Active hip adduction
c. Resisted hip adduction

82
Q
  1. Identify five risk factors for stress fractures of the femur.
A

Answer: Risks include the following:
a. Sudden increase in training (mileage, intensity, or frequency)
b. Change in running surface or terrain
c. Improper footwear
d. Biomechanical abnormalities (coxa vera)
e. Nutritional and hormonal factors (anorexia, amenorrhea, osteopenia, malabsorption syndromes, and calcium deficiencies)
f. Chronic glucocorticoid use, smoking, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism

83
Q
  1. What is a hip pointer? What are the signs and symptoms of a hip pointer?
A

Answer: A hip pointer generally refers to a contusion of the iliac crest over the tensor fasciae latae muscle belly with an associated hematoma, but the term may also be used to identify tearing of the external oblique muscle from the iliac crest, periostitis of the crest, and trochanteric contusions.
Sign and symptoms:
Grade I
a. Normal gait and normal posture
b. Slight pain on palpation
c. Little or no swelling present
d. Full trunk range of motion
e. Return to activity may take 3 to 7 days
Grade II
a. Abnormal gait pattern
b. Posture may be slightly flexed toward the side of injury
c. Noticeable pain on palpation of iliac crest, with visible swelling
d. Active trunk range of motion is painful and limited, especially lateral flexion to the opposite side and trunk rotation
e. Return to activity may take 5 to 14 days
Grade III
a. Severe pain, swelling, and ecchymosis
b. Gait is slow, with short stride length and swing through
c. Posture may have severe tilt to injured side
d. Trunk range of motion is painful and limited in all directions
e. Return to activity may take 14 to 21 days

CATA exam (33 decks)

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