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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Chap 1 -2 Study guide Flashcards > Flashcards

Chap 1 -2 Study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Building blocks of carbs

A

Monosaccharides

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2
Q

Building blocks of lipds

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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3
Q

Building blocks of proteins

A

Aminoacids

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4
Q

Building blocks of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

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5
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
Phosphate
Nitrogen containing base

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6
Q

Function of carbs

A

Store energy
Make ATP
Break down lipids

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7
Q

Function of lipids

A

-store energy
-make hormones
-dissolve vitamins
-cell membranes

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8
Q

Function of proteins

A

-enzymes
-make cells and tissues
-transport proteins
-antibodies

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9
Q

Nucleic acids function

A

Information
DNA
RNA

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10
Q

Structure of carbs

A

C H O
Linked sugars

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11
Q

Structure of lipids

A

CHO with more CH

Phospholipids
Glycerol
2fatty acids
Phosphate

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12
Q

Proteins structure (what are aminoacids made of?)

A

Amine (NH2)
Acid (COOH)
R group (-R)

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13
Q

Nucleic acids structure

A

CHON +P
(Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base)

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14
Q

Explain ATP production

A
  1. Glycolysis (anaerobic, cytosol)
    Breaks sugar into pyruvate and 2 ATP and 2NADH
  2. TCA cycle(aerobic, mitochondrial matrix)
    Makes energy from pyruvate
  3. Oxidative (inner mitochondrial membrane) phosphorylation through electron transport chain

Uses energy from previous to move e- across mitochondrial membrane and attach P to ADP making ATP

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15
Q

RNA vs DNA

A

RNA
One strand
Code for proteins
Has Uracil instead of thymine
AU CG
Sugar is ribose

DNA

2 strands in double helix
Code for entire human
Sugar is deoxyribose
AT CG

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16
Q

tRNA

A

Grabs appropriate aminoacids

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17
Q

mRNA

A

Takes message

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18
Q

rRNA

A

Main part of a ribosome
Bonds with special proteins to make a ribosome

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19
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions

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20
Q

Anabolism

A

Making complex molecules (uses energy)

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21
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Making molecule and removing water

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22
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Split up using water

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23
Q

Catabolism

A

Break down releases energy

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24
Q

Synthesis

A

2 simple reactants make one complicated molecule

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25
Q

Decomposition

A

Complicated molecule breaks down

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26
Q

Exchange

A

Synthesis and decomposition happen simultaneously bonds broken and made

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27
Q

Atomic weight vs atomic mass

A

Atomic weight
Weight of most abundant isotope
Atomic mass protons + neutrons

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28
Q

Weight of e

A

1/2000 amu

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29
Q

Molecule vs compound

A

Molecule same element compound different elements

30
Q

Name 4 quadrants

A

RUQ LLQ
LUQ RLQ

31
Q

Epigastric

A

Top middle
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Spleen
Pancreas
Small intestine
Adrenal gland
Duodenum

32
Q

On the sides of epigastric are

A

Right and left hypochondriacs

33
Q

Right hypochondriac

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Large/Small intestine
Right kidney

34
Q

Left hypochondriac

A

Liver’s tip
Stomach
Pancreas
Left kidney
Spleen
Large/small intestine

35
Q

Umbilical region

A

Middle
Duodenum
Small intestine
Transverse colon

36
Q

On sides of umbilical are

A

Right and left lumbars

37
Q

Right lumbar

A

Ascending colon
Small intestine
Right kidney

38
Q

Left lumbar

A

Descending colon
Small intestine
Left kidney

39
Q

On the side of pubic (hypogastric) are

A

Right and left iliacs

40
Q

Right iliac

A

Appendix
Cecum
Small intestine
Ascending colon

41
Q

Hypogastric (pubic)

A

Bottom middle
Bladder
Sigmoid colon
Reproductive organs
Small intestine

42
Q

Left iliac

A

Sigmoid colon
Descending colon
Small intestine

43
Q

List the major body cavities

A

Cranial
Vertebral
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic

44
Q

Portions of body

A

Axial and appendicular

45
Q

Crain cavity organs

46
Q

Vertebral cavity organs

A

Spinal cord

47
Q

Thoracic cavity organs

A

Heart, lungs, mediastinum

48
Q

Mediastinum contains

A

Heart thymus gland
Esophagus trachea

49
Q

What is anatomical position

A

Erect body, face forward, palms up, upper limbs at sides

50
Q

Superior

51
Q

Inferior

52
Q

Anterior ventral

53
Q

Dorsal posterior

54
Q

Median

A

Towards midline

55
Q

Lateral

A

Towards side

56
Q

Bilateral

A

Paired structure with one on each side

57
Q

Negative feedback

A

Minimize change from set point. Most feedback mechanisms

58
Q

Positive feedback

A

Increase change from set point. Birth and blood clotting

59
Q

Parts of maintaining homeostasis

A

Receptor, set point, effector

60
Q

Intergumentary system

A

Cover body, controls temp, sensation

61
Q

Skeletal system function

A

Support, protect, inorganic salts,
makes blood forming tissues,

62
Q

Muscular system function

A

Movement, posture
Body heat

63
Q

Nervous system

A

Brain, spinal, sense organs
Receives and sends signals

64
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hormones
Integrates metabolic functions

65
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Distributes O2 & nutrients
Removes wastes

66
Q

Lymphatic

A

Drains excess fluids
Has immunity cells

67
Q

Digestive system

A

Breaks down, receives and absorbs nutrients

68
Q

Respiratory

A

Exchanges O2 and CO2

69
Q

Urinary system

A

Removes wastes from blood
H2O and electrolyte balance

70
Q

Reproductive system

A

Makes offspring

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (26 decks)

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