6B Flashcards
1
Q
Rule 1 of 5 golden rules
All skeletal cross at least
A
one joint (few exceptions)
2
Q
Rule 2 Bulk of skeletal muscle lies
A
proximal to joint crossed
3
Q
Rule 3 All skeletal muscles have at least 2 attachments
A
: origin and insertion
4
Q
Rule 4 Skeletal muscles can only
A
pull; they never push
5
Q
Rule 5 During contraction, skeletal muscle insertion moves towards
A
towards origin
6
Q
Origin
A
Attachment to less movable bone
7
Q
Insertion
A
Attachment to movable bone
8
Q
When muscle contracts insertion moves towards
A
Origin
9
Q
Body movement occurs when
A
Muscles contract across joints
10
Q
Flexion
A
Decreases angle
Bending hinge joints (knee elbow)
Ball and socket (hip)
11
Q
Extension
A
Opposite of flexion
Increases angle between two bones
Straightening
12
Q
Hyperextension
A
More than 180
13
Q
Rotation
A
Movement around longitudinal axis
Common in ball and socket joints
14
Q
Example of rotation
A
Moving atlas around dens of axis
Shaking head no
15
Q
Cicumduction
A
Combines, flexion, abduction and adduction extension
Common in ball and socket joints
Proximal end is stationary, distal end moves in a circle
16
Q
Inversion
A
Turning foot medially
17
Q
Eversion
A
Turning sole of foot laterally
18
Q
Supination
A
Forearm laterally, radius and ulna are parallel
19
Q
Pronation
A
Forearm rotates medially. Palm faces back .
Radius and ulna cross like X
20
Q
Opposition
A
Thumb touched tips of other fingers on the same hand
21
Q
Groups of muscles that produce opposite actions lie on
A
Opposite sides of a joint
22
Q
Prime mover
A
Muscle w/ major responsibility for a certain movement
23
Q
Antagonist
A
Muscle that reverses or opposes a prime mover
24
Q
Synergist
A
Muscle that aids prime mover in movement
Or
Reduces undesirable movements
25
Fixator
Specialized synergists that hold bone still or stabilize origin of a prime mover
26
Except for knee and ankle: Muscle that crosses anterior side produces
Flexion
27
In knee and ankle muscle that crosses anterior side produces
Extension
28
Except for knee and ankle: Muscle that crosses posterior side of joint produces
Extension
29
Muscle that crosses on lateral side produces
Abduction
30
Muscle on medial side produces
Adduction
31
Characteristics used to name muscle
Direction, size, location, # of origins,
Location of origins and insertion,
Shape of muscle,
Action of muscle
32
Rectus
Straight
33
Maximus
Largest
34
Temporalis
Temporal bone
35
Three heads
Triceps
36
Sterno
On sternum
37
Deltoid
Triangular
38
Flexor and extensor
Flexes or extends a bone
39
Origin of frontalis
Cranial aponeurosis
40
Insertion of frontalis
Skin of eyebrows
41
Primary action of frontalis
Raises eyebrows
42
Orbicularis Oculi origin
Frontal bone and maxilla
43
Orbicularis Oculi insertion
Tissue around eyes
44
Orbicularis Oculi primary action
Blinks and closes eyes
45
Orbicularis oris origin
Mandible and maxilla
46
Orbicularis oris insertion
Skin and muscle around mouth
47
Orbicularis oris primary action
Closes and protrudes lips
48
Temporalis origin
Temporal bone
49
Temporalis insertion
Mandible
50
Temporalis primary action
Closes jaw
51
Zygomaticus origin
Zygomatic bone
52
Zygomaticus insertion
Skin and muscle at corner of lips
53
Zygomaticus primary action
Raises corner of mouth
54
Masseter origin
Temporal bone
55
Masseter insertion
Mandible
56
Masseter primary action
Close jaw
57
Buccinator origin
Maxilla and mandible near molars
58
Buccinator insertion
Orbicularis oris
59
Buccinator primary action
Compresses cheeks (sucking)
Holds food between teeth during chewing
60
Sternocleidomastoid origin
Sternum and clavicle
61
Sternocleidomastoid insertion
Temporal bone (mastoid process)
62
Sternocleidomastoid primary action
Flexes neck; laterally rotates head
63
Platysma origin
Connective tissue covering superior chest muscles
64
Platysma insertion
Tissue around mouth
65
Platysma primary action
Tenses skin of neck (think shaving)
66
Pectoralis major origin
Sternum, clavicle, ribs 1-6
67
Pectoralis major insertion
Proximal humerus
68
Pectoralis major primary action
Adducts and flexes humerus
69
Rectus abdominis origin
Pubis
70
Rectus abdominis insertion
Sternum & 5-7 ribs
71
Rectus abdominis primary action
Flexes vertebral column
72
External oblique origin
Lower 8 ribs
73
External oblique insertion
Iliac crest
74
External oblique primary action
Flexes and rotates vertebral column
75
Biceps brachii origin
Scapula of shoulder girdle
76
Biceps brachii insertion
Proximal radius/radial tuberosity
77
Biceps brachii primary action
Flex elbow, supinate forearm
78
Brachialis origin
Distal humerus
79
Brachialis insertion
Proximal ulna
80
Brachialis primary action
Flexes elbow
81
Deltoid primary action
Abducts arm
82
Iliopsoas origin
Illium and lumbar vertabrae
83
Iliopsoas insertion
Femur (lesser trochanter)
84
Iliopsoas primary action
Flexes hip
85
Adductor muscles origin
Pelvis
86
Adductor muscles insertion
Proximal femur
87
Adductor muscles primary action
Adduct and medially rotate the thigh
88
Sartorius origin
Ilium
89
Sartorius insertion
Proximal tibia
90
Sartorius primary action
Flexes thigh on hip
91
Quadriceps groups muscles
Vastus medialis
Intermedius & lateralis
Rectus femoris
92
Quadriceps group origin
Vasti: femur
Rectus femoris: pelvis
93
Quadriceps group insertion
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
94
Quadriceps group primary action
All extend knee,
Rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh
95
Tibialis anterior origin
Proximal tibia
96
Tibialis anterior insertion
First cuneiform (tarsal) and metatarsal of foot
97
Tibialis anterior primary action
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
98
Extensor digitorum longus origin
Proximal tibia and the fibula
99
Extensor digitorum longus insertion
Distal toes 2-5
100
Extensor digitorum longus primary action
Extends toes
101
Fibularis muscles origin
Fibula
102
Fibularis muscles insertion
Metatarsals of foot
103
Fibularis muscles primary action
Plantar flex and evert foot
104
Common site for intramuscular injections
Vastus lateralis
105
Occipitalis origin
Occipital and temporal bones
106
Occipitalis insertion
Cranial aponeurosis
107
Occipitalis primary action
Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly
108
Trapezius origin
occipital bone and all cervical and thoracic vertabrae
109
Trapezius insertion
Scapular spine and clavicle
110
Trapezius primary action
Raises, retracts and rotates scapula
111
Latissimus dorsi origin
Lower spine and iliac crest
112
Latissimus dorsi insertion
Proximal humerus
113
Latissimus dorsi primary action
Extends and adducts the humerus
114
Erector spinae origin
Iliac crest, ribs 3-12 & vertabrae
115
Erector spinae insertion
Ribs, thoracic and cervical vertabrae
116
Erector spinae primary action
Extends and laterally flexes spine
117
Quadratus lumborum origin
Iliac crest, lumbar fascia
118
Quadratus lumborum insertion
Transverse process of the upper lumbar vertabrae
119
Quadratus lumborum primary action
Flexes spine laterally; extends spine
120
Deltoid origin
Scapular spine and clavicle
121
Deltoid insertion
Humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
122
Deltoid primary action
Abducts the humerus
123
Triceps brachii origin
Shoulder girdle and proximal humerus
124
Triceps brachii insertion
Olecranon process of ulna
125
Triceps brachii primary action
Extends the elbow
126
Flexor carpi radialis origin
Distal humerus
127
Flexor carpi radialis insertion
Second and third metacarpals
128
Flexor carpi radialis primary action
Flexes wrist and abducts hand
129
Flexor carpi ulnaris origin
Distal humerus and posterior ulna
130
Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion
Carpals of wrist and fifth metacarpal
131
Flexor carpi ulnaris primary action
Flexes wrist and adducts hand
132
Flexor digitorum superficialis origin
Distal humerus, ulna, radius
133
Flexor digitorum superficialis origin
Distal humerus, ulna, radius
134
Flexor digitorum superficialis insertion
Middle phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers
135
Flexor digitorum superficialis primary action
Flexes the wrist and fingers
136
Extensor carpi radialis origin
Humerus
137
Extensor carpi radialis insertion
Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
138
Extensor carpi radialis primary action
Extends the wrist and abducts hand
139
Extensor digitorum origin
Distal humerus
140
Extensor digitorum insertion
Distal phalanges of second to fifth fingers
141
Extensor digitorum primary action
Extends fingers
142
Another common site for intramuscular injections
Deltoid
143
Safe area for injections
Gluteus medius
144
Gluteus Maximus origin
Sacrum and ilium
145
Gluteus Maximus insertion
Proximal femur (gluteal tuberosity)
146
Gluteus Maximus primary action
Extends hip (when forceful extension is required)
147
Gluteus medius origin
Ilium
148
Gluteus medius insertion
Proximal femur
149
Gluteus medius primary action
Abducts thigh; steadies pelvis during walking
150
Hamstring muscles
Biceps Femoris,
Semitendinosus,
Semimembranosus
151
Hamstring muscles origin
Ischial tuberosity
152
Hamstring muscles insertion
Proximal tibia (head of fibula in case of biceps femoris)
153
Hamstring muscles primary action
Flex knee and extend hip
154
Gastrocnemius origin
Distal femur
155
Gastrocnemius insertion
Calcaneus (heel via calcaneal tendon)
156
Gastrocnemius primary action
Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee
157
Soleus origin
Proximal tibia and fibula
158
Soleus insertion
Calcaneus
159
Soleus primary action
Plantar flexes foot
160
Most flexible joint in body
Shoulder joint
161
Only connection between arm and axial skeleton
Shoulder girdle
162
Bony arch formed by clavicle and scapula
Pectoral girdle
163
What is the attachment point for muscles that provide arm movement to shoulder joint?
Pectoral girdle
164
Anterior group of shoulder girdle
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
165
Pectoralis minor origin
Anterior of ribs 3-5
166
Pectoralis minor insertion
Coracoid process of scapula
167
Serratus anterior origin
Ribs 1-8
168
Serratus anterior muscle insertion
Anterior vertebral border of scapula
169
4 Muscles of posterior group of pectoral girdle
Levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major,
Trapezius
170
Levator scapulae origin
Transverse processes of C1-C4
171
Levator scapulae insertion
Medial border of scapula above spine of scapula
172
Rhomboid minor origin
Spinous process of C1-T1
173
Rhomboid minor insertion
Medial border of scapula at level of spine of scapula
174
Rhomboid major origin
Spinous process of T2-T5
175
Rhomboid major insertion
Medial border of scapula under spine of scapula
176
Trapezius origin
External occipital protuberance
Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line
Spin. Proc. Of C7-T12
177
Trapezius insertion
Line from acromion,
Spine of scapula
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
178
How many muscles cross shoulder joint and act on humerus
Anterior and posterior originate off scapula and axial skeleton
9
179
Prime movers of shoulder joint
Latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major & deltoid
180
Other 6 in shoulder joint
Stabilize joint,
Synergistic
181
Rotator cuff muscles
Discussed separately
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
182
Remaining 2
Teres major
Coracobrachialis
183
Anterior scapular muscles
Cross glenohumeral joint
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Deltoid
184
Coracobrachialis origin
Coracoid process of scapula
185
Coracobrachialis insertion
Medial surface of humeral shaft
186
Parts of biceps brachii
Long head and short head
187
Origin of short head of coracoid process of biceps brachii
Coracoid proces
188
Long head of coracoid process of biceps brachii origin
Supraglenoid tubercle of glenoid cavity
189
Sets of fibers that make deltoid
Anterior fibers
Middle fibers
Posterior fibers
190
Anterior fibers origin
Anterior border
&
Lateral third of clavicle
191
Middle fibers origin
Lateral margin
& acromion of scapula
192
Posterior fibers origin
Posterior border of spine and scapula
193
Internal oblique origin , insertion, function
O: iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I:Ribs 10-12
F:compresses abdomen
