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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > 6B > Flashcards

6B Flashcards

1
Q

Rule 1 of 5 golden rules
All skeletal cross at least

A

one joint (few exceptions)

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2
Q

Rule 2 Bulk of skeletal muscle lies

A

proximal to joint crossed

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3
Q

Rule 3 All skeletal muscles have at least 2 attachments

A

: origin and insertion

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4
Q

Rule 4 Skeletal muscles can only

A

pull; they never push

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5
Q

Rule 5 During contraction, skeletal muscle insertion moves towards

A

towards origin

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6
Q

Origin

A

Attachment to less movable bone

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7
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment to movable bone

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8
Q

When muscle contracts insertion moves towards

A

Origin

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9
Q

Body movement occurs when

A

Muscles contract across joints

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10
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases angle
Bending hinge joints (knee elbow)
Ball and socket (hip)

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11
Q

Extension

A

Opposite of flexion

Increases angle between two bones

Straightening

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12
Q

Hyperextension

A

More than 180

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13
Q

Rotation

A

Movement around longitudinal axis

Common in ball and socket joints

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14
Q

Example of rotation

A

Moving atlas around dens of axis

Shaking head no

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15
Q

Cicumduction

A

Combines, flexion, abduction and adduction extension

Common in ball and socket joints

Proximal end is stationary, distal end moves in a circle

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16
Q

Inversion

A

Turning foot medially

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17
Q

Eversion

A

Turning sole of foot laterally

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18
Q

Supination

A

Forearm laterally, radius and ulna are parallel

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19
Q

Pronation

A

Forearm rotates medially. Palm faces back .
Radius and ulna cross like X

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20
Q

Opposition

A

Thumb touched tips of other fingers on the same hand

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21
Q

Groups of muscles that produce opposite actions lie on

A

Opposite sides of a joint

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22
Q

Prime mover

A

Muscle w/ major responsibility for a certain movement

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23
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that reverses or opposes a prime mover

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24
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that aids prime mover in movement
Or
Reduces undesirable movements

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25
Q

Fixator

A

Specialized synergists that hold bone still or stabilize origin of a prime mover

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26
Q

Except for knee and ankle: Muscle that crosses anterior side produces

A

Flexion

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27
Q

In knee and ankle muscle that crosses anterior side produces

A

Extension

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28
Q

Except for knee and ankle: Muscle that crosses posterior side of joint produces

A

Extension

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29
Q

Muscle that crosses on lateral side produces

A

Abduction

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30
Q

Muscle on medial side produces

A

Adduction

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31
Q

Characteristics used to name muscle

A

Direction, size, location, # of origins,
Location of origins and insertion,
Shape of muscle,
Action of muscle

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32
Q

Rectus

A

Straight

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33
Q

Maximus

A

Largest

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34
Q

Temporalis

A

Temporal bone

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35
Q

Three heads

A

Triceps

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36
Q

Sterno

A

On sternum

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37
Q

Deltoid

A

Triangular

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38
Q

Flexor and extensor

A

Flexes or extends a bone

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39
Q

Origin of frontalis

A

Cranial aponeurosis

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40
Q

Insertion of frontalis

A

Skin of eyebrows

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41
Q

Primary action of frontalis

A

Raises eyebrows

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42
Q

Orbicularis Oculi origin

A

Frontal bone and maxilla

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43
Q

Orbicularis Oculi insertion

A

Tissue around eyes

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44
Q

Orbicularis Oculi primary action

A

Blinks and closes eyes

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45
Q

Orbicularis oris origin

A

Mandible and maxilla

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46
Q

Orbicularis oris insertion

A

Skin and muscle around mouth

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47
Q

Orbicularis oris primary action

A

Closes and protrudes lips

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48
Q

Temporalis origin

A

Temporal bone

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49
Q

Temporalis insertion

A

Mandible

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50
Q

Temporalis primary action

A

Closes jaw

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51
Q

Zygomaticus origin

A

Zygomatic bone

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52
Q

Zygomaticus insertion

A

Skin and muscle at corner of lips

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53
Q

Zygomaticus primary action

A

Raises corner of mouth

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54
Q

Masseter origin

A

Temporal bone

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55
Q

Masseter insertion

A

Mandible

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56
Q

Masseter primary action

A

Close jaw

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57
Q

Buccinator origin

A

Maxilla and mandible near molars

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58
Q

Buccinator insertion

A

Orbicularis oris

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59
Q

Buccinator primary action

A

Compresses cheeks (sucking)

Holds food between teeth during chewing

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60
Q

Sternocleidomastoid origin

A

Sternum and clavicle

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61
Q

Sternocleidomastoid insertion

A

Temporal bone (mastoid process)

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62
Q

Sternocleidomastoid primary action

A

Flexes neck; laterally rotates head

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63
Q

Platysma origin

A

Connective tissue covering superior chest muscles

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64
Q

Platysma insertion

A

Tissue around mouth

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65
Q

Platysma primary action

A

Tenses skin of neck (think shaving)

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66
Q

Pectoralis major origin

A

Sternum, clavicle, ribs 1-6

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67
Q

Pectoralis major insertion

A

Proximal humerus

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68
Q

Pectoralis major primary action

A

Adducts and flexes humerus

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69
Q

Rectus abdominis origin

A

Pubis

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70
Q

Rectus abdominis insertion

A

Sternum & 5-7 ribs

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71
Q

Rectus abdominis primary action

A

Flexes vertebral column

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72
Q

External oblique origin

A

Lower 8 ribs

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73
Q

External oblique insertion

A

Iliac crest

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74
Q

External oblique primary action

A

Flexes and rotates vertebral column

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75
Q

Biceps brachii origin

A

Scapula of shoulder girdle

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76
Q

Biceps brachii insertion

A

Proximal radius/radial tuberosity

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77
Q

Biceps brachii primary action

A

Flex elbow, supinate forearm

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78
Q

Brachialis origin

A

Distal humerus

79
Q

Brachialis insertion

A

Proximal ulna

80
Q

Brachialis primary action

A

Flexes elbow

81
Q

Deltoid primary action

A

Abducts arm

82
Q

Iliopsoas origin

A

Illium and lumbar vertabrae

83
Q

Iliopsoas insertion

A

Femur (lesser trochanter)

84
Q

Iliopsoas primary action

A

Flexes hip

85
Q

Adductor muscles origin

A

Pelvis

86
Q

Adductor muscles insertion

A

Proximal femur

87
Q

Adductor muscles primary action

A

Adduct and medially rotate the thigh

88
Q

Sartorius origin

A

Ilium

89
Q

Sartorius insertion

A

Proximal tibia

90
Q

Sartorius primary action

A

Flexes thigh on hip

91
Q

Quadriceps groups muscles

A

Vastus medialis
Intermedius & lateralis
Rectus femoris

92
Q

Quadriceps group origin

A

Vasti: femur

Rectus femoris: pelvis

93
Q

Quadriceps group insertion

A

Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

94
Q

Quadriceps group primary action

A

All extend knee,
Rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh

95
Q

Tibialis anterior origin

A

Proximal tibia

96
Q

Tibialis anterior insertion

A

First cuneiform (tarsal) and metatarsal of foot

97
Q

Tibialis anterior primary action

A

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

98
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin

A

Proximal tibia and the fibula

99
Q

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

A

Distal toes 2-5

100
Q

Extensor digitorum longus primary action

A

Extends toes

101
Q

Fibularis muscles origin

A

Fibula

102
Q

Fibularis muscles insertion

A

Metatarsals of foot

103
Q

Fibularis muscles primary action

A

Plantar flex and evert foot

104
Q

Common site for intramuscular injections

A

Vastus lateralis

105
Q

Occipitalis origin

A

Occipital and temporal bones

106
Q

Occipitalis insertion

A

Cranial aponeurosis

107
Q

Occipitalis primary action

A

Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

108
Q

Trapezius origin

A

occipital bone and all cervical and thoracic vertabrae

109
Q

Trapezius insertion

A

Scapular spine and clavicle

110
Q

Trapezius primary action

A

Raises, retracts and rotates scapula

111
Q

Latissimus dorsi origin

A

Lower spine and iliac crest

112
Q

Latissimus dorsi insertion

A

Proximal humerus

113
Q

Latissimus dorsi primary action

A

Extends and adducts the humerus

114
Q

Erector spinae origin

A

Iliac crest, ribs 3-12 & vertabrae

115
Q

Erector spinae insertion

A

Ribs, thoracic and cervical vertabrae

116
Q

Erector spinae primary action

A

Extends and laterally flexes spine

117
Q

Quadratus lumborum origin

A

Iliac crest, lumbar fascia

118
Q

Quadratus lumborum insertion

A

Transverse process of the upper lumbar vertabrae

119
Q

Quadratus lumborum primary action

A

Flexes spine laterally; extends spine

120
Q

Deltoid origin

A

Scapular spine and clavicle

121
Q

Deltoid insertion

A

Humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

122
Q

Deltoid primary action

A

Abducts the humerus

123
Q

Triceps brachii origin

A

Shoulder girdle and proximal humerus

124
Q

Triceps brachii insertion

A

Olecranon process of ulna

125
Q

Triceps brachii primary action

A

Extends the elbow

126
Q

Flexor carpi radialis origin

A

Distal humerus

127
Q

Flexor carpi radialis insertion

A

Second and third metacarpals

128
Q

Flexor carpi radialis primary action

A

Flexes wrist and abducts hand

129
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris origin

A

Distal humerus and posterior ulna

130
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

Carpals of wrist and fifth metacarpal

131
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris primary action

A

Flexes wrist and adducts hand

132
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis origin

A

Distal humerus, ulna, radius

133
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis origin

A

Distal humerus, ulna, radius

134
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis insertion

A

Middle phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers

135
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis primary action

A

Flexes the wrist and fingers

136
Q

Extensor carpi radialis origin

A

Humerus

137
Q

Extensor carpi radialis insertion

A

Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

138
Q

Extensor carpi radialis primary action

A

Extends the wrist and abducts hand

139
Q

Extensor digitorum origin

A

Distal humerus

140
Q

Extensor digitorum insertion

A

Distal phalanges of second to fifth fingers

141
Q

Extensor digitorum primary action

A

Extends fingers

142
Q

Another common site for intramuscular injections

A

Deltoid

143
Q

Safe area for injections

A

Gluteus medius

144
Q

Gluteus Maximus origin

A

Sacrum and ilium

145
Q

Gluteus Maximus insertion

A

Proximal femur (gluteal tuberosity)

146
Q

Gluteus Maximus primary action

A

Extends hip (when forceful extension is required)

147
Q

Gluteus medius origin

A

Ilium

148
Q

Gluteus medius insertion

A

Proximal femur

149
Q

Gluteus medius primary action

A

Abducts thigh; steadies pelvis during walking

150
Q

Hamstring muscles

A

Biceps Femoris,
Semitendinosus,
Semimembranosus

151
Q

Hamstring muscles origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

152
Q

Hamstring muscles insertion

A

Proximal tibia (head of fibula in case of biceps femoris)

153
Q

Hamstring muscles primary action

A

Flex knee and extend hip

154
Q

Gastrocnemius origin

A

Distal femur

155
Q

Gastrocnemius insertion

A

Calcaneus (heel via calcaneal tendon)

156
Q

Gastrocnemius primary action

A

Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

157
Q

Soleus origin

A

Proximal tibia and fibula

158
Q

Soleus insertion

A

Calcaneus

159
Q

Soleus primary action

A

Plantar flexes foot

160
Q

Most flexible joint in body

A

Shoulder joint

161
Q

Only connection between arm and axial skeleton

A

Shoulder girdle

162
Q

Bony arch formed by clavicle and scapula

A

Pectoral girdle

163
Q

What is the attachment point for muscles that provide arm movement to shoulder joint?

A

Pectoral girdle

164
Q

Anterior group of shoulder girdle

A

Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

165
Q

Pectoralis minor origin

A

Anterior of ribs 3-5

166
Q

Pectoralis minor insertion

A

Coracoid process of scapula

167
Q

Serratus anterior origin

A

Ribs 1-8

168
Q

Serratus anterior muscle insertion

A

Anterior vertebral border of scapula

169
Q

4 Muscles of posterior group of pectoral girdle

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major,
Trapezius

170
Q

Levator scapulae origin

A

Transverse processes of C1-C4

171
Q

Levator scapulae insertion

A

Medial border of scapula above spine of scapula

172
Q

Rhomboid minor origin

A

Spinous process of C1-T1

173
Q

Rhomboid minor insertion

A

Medial border of scapula at level of spine of scapula

174
Q

Rhomboid major origin

A

Spinous process of T2-T5

175
Q

Rhomboid major insertion

A

Medial border of scapula under spine of scapula

176
Q

Trapezius origin

A

External occipital protuberance

Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line

Spin. Proc. Of C7-T12

177
Q

Trapezius insertion

A

Line from acromion,
Spine of scapula
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle

178
Q

How many muscles cross shoulder joint and act on humerus

Anterior and posterior originate off scapula and axial skeleton

A

9

179
Q

Prime movers of shoulder joint

A

Latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major & deltoid

180
Q

Other 6 in shoulder joint

A

Stabilize joint,
Synergistic

181
Q

Rotator cuff muscles
Discussed separately

A

Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

182
Q

Remaining 2

A

Teres major
Coracobrachialis

183
Q

Anterior scapular muscles

Cross glenohumeral joint

A

Coracobrachialis

Biceps brachii

Deltoid

184
Q

Coracobrachialis origin

A

Coracoid process of scapula

185
Q

Coracobrachialis insertion

A

Medial surface of humeral shaft

186
Q

Parts of biceps brachii

A

Long head and short head

187
Q

Origin of short head of coracoid process of biceps brachii

A

Coracoid proces

188
Q

Long head of coracoid process of biceps brachii origin

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of glenoid cavity

189
Q

Sets of fibers that make deltoid

A

Anterior fibers
Middle fibers
Posterior fibers

190
Q

Anterior fibers origin

A

Anterior border
&
Lateral third of clavicle

191
Q

Middle fibers origin

A

Lateral margin
& acromion of scapula

192
Q

Posterior fibers origin

A

Posterior border of spine and scapula

193
Q

Internal oblique origin , insertion, function

A

O: iliac crest, inguinal ligament

I:Ribs 10-12

F:compresses abdomen

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (26 decks)

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