ch5 medical terminology Flashcards
cardi
heart
(ex: tachycardia=fast heart rate)
hepat
liver
(ex: hepatomegaly: enlargement of the liver)
nephr
kidney
(ex: nephropathy: disease of the kidney)
neur
nerves
(ex: neurologist)
psych
mind
(ex: psychology)
thorac
chest
(thoracic: pertaining to the chest or thorax)
hyper-
over-excessive, high
(ex: hyperventilation)
hypo-
under, below normal
(ex: hypoperfusion: below normal blood flow to vital organs)
tachy-
rapid/fast
(ex: tachycardia: fast heart rate)
brady-
slow
(ex: bradypnea: slow breathing)
pre-
before
(ex: prenatal: occurring before birth)
post-
after, behind
(ex: post surgical: occurring after surgery)
-al
pertaining to
(ex: syncopal: pertaining to syncope)
-algia
pertaining to pain
(ex: arthralgia: joint pain)
-ectomy
surgical removal of
(appendectomy: surgical removal of the appendix)
-ic
pertaining to
(ex: diaphoretic: pertaining to diaphoresis)
-ic
pertaining to
(ex: diaphoretic: pertaining to diaphoresis)
-ic
pertaining to
(ex: diaphoretic: pertaining to diaphoresis)
-itis
inflammation
(ex: epiglottitis: inflammation of epiglottis)
-logy
study of
(cardiology: study of the heart)
-logist
specialist
(ex: pulmonologist: specialist in diseases of the lung)
-megaly
enlargement
(ex: cardiomegaly: enlargement of the heart)
-megaly
enlargement
(ex: cardiomegaly: enlargement of the heart)
-meter
measuring instrument
(ex: Sphygmomanometer: instrument to measure blood pressure)
-oma
tumor (usually referring to cancer)
(ex: lymphoma: cancer of lymphatic system)
-pathy
disease
(ex: nephropathy: diseases of the kidneys)
words that end in “a” change to ….. when plural
ae
(ex: vertebra—>vertebrae)
words that end in “is” change to….. when plural
es
(ex: diagnosis—>diagnoses)
words that end in “is” change to….. when plural
es
(ex: diagnosis—>diagnoses)
words that end in “is” change to….. when plural
es
(ex: diagnosis—>diagnoses)
words that end in “is” change to….. when plural
es
(ex: diagnosis—>diagnoses)
words that end in “ex/ix” change to…..when plural
ices
(ex: apex—>apices)
words that end in “on/um” change to….when plural
a
(ex: ovum—>ova)
words that end in “us” change to….when plural
i
(ex: bronchus—>bronchi)
uni-
one
dipl-
two; double
null-
none
primi-
first
multi-
many
bi-
two
tri-
three
quad-
four
tetra-
four
quint-
five
sext-
six
sept-
seven
oct-
eight
nona-
nine
deca-
ten
semi-
half; partial
hemi-
half; one-sided
ambi-
both
pan-
all; entire
cyan/o
blue
(ex: cyanosis)
leuk/o
white
(ex: leukocyte)
erythr/o
red
(ex: erythrocytes)
cirrh/o
yellow-orange
(ex: cirrhosis)
melan/o
black
(ex: melana)
poli/o
gray
(ex: poliomyelitis)
alb
white
(ex: albino)
chlor/o
green
(ex: chlorophyll)
ab-
away from
(ex: abduction)
ad-
to; toward
(ex: adduction)
de-
down from, away
circum-
around, about
peri-
around
trans-
across, through, beyond
epi-
above, upon, on
supra-
above, over
retro-
behind
sub-
beneath, under
infra-
below, under
para-
near, beside, beyond, apart from
contra-
against, opposite
ecto-
out outside
endo-
within
extra-
outside, in addition
intra-
inside, within
ipsi-
same
anterior (ventral)
front
-front surface of the body/belly side
posterior (dorsal)
back
-the back surface of the body/spinal side
superior
top
(closest to the head)
inferior
bottom
(closest to the feet)
proximal
closest
-closest to the point of attachment
distal
farthest
-farthest from the point of attachment
medial
middle
-closest to the midline
lateral
side
-farthest from the midline
deep
in
-farthest from the surface of the skin
superficial
out
-closest to the surface of the skin
superficial
out
-closest to the surface of the skin
palmar
front region of the hand
(palm of hand)
plantar
bottom of the foot
apex
the tip of a structure
flexion
decreasing the angle of the joint
extension
increasing the angle of the joint
adduction
motion toward the midline
abduction
motion away from the midline
bilateral
a body part that appears on both sides of the midline
(ex: eyes, ears, hands)
quadrants
a way to describe the sections of the abdominal cavity
prone position
body is lying face down
supine position
body is lying faceup
Fowler position
body is placed in a semi-reclining position with the head elevated to help them breathe easier and to control the airway (patient sitting upright)
abdomin/o
abdomen
acou/o
hear
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
alb/o
white
alges/o
pain
andr/o
man, male
angi/o
vessel
angin/o
blood vessel
ankyl/o
fused, stiff
anter/o
front
aort/o
aorta
append/o
appendix
arteri/o
artery
arthr/o
joint
asthen/o
weak
atel/o
incomplete
ather/o
fat
atri/o
atrium
audi/o
to hear
aur/o
ear
aut/o
self
bacteri/o
bacteria
bi
life; also two
bil/i
bile
blast/o
germ, bud, developing cell
blephar/o
eyelid
brachi/o
arm
bronch/i
airway, bronchus
bucc/o
cheek
burs/o
pouch or sac
calc/i
calcium
capn/o
carbon dioxide
carcin/o
cancer
cardi/o
heart
carp/o
wrist
cartil/o
cartilage, gristle
caud/o
tail
cec/o
blind intestine, cecum
cel/o
hernia, protrusion
cent/e
to puncture (a body cavity)
cent/i
one-hundredth or 100
cephal/o
head
cerebr/o
brain, cerebrum
cervic/o
neck
chol/e
bile
chondr/o
cartilage
chrom/o
color
chron/o
time
cirrh/o
yellow-orange
cleid/o
clavicle
col/o
colon
colp/o
vagina
condyl/o
knuckle of a joint
cor/o
pupil
corne/o
cornea
cost/o
rib
crani/o
cranium, skull
crin/o
to secrete
cubitus
elbow
cutane/o
skin
cycl/o
circle or cycle
cyst/o
bladder
cyt/o
cell
derm(at)/o
skin
digit
finger or toe
dipl/o
two, double
dips/o
thirst
disk/o
flat shape, intervertebral disk
dist/o
distant
diverticul/o
diverticulum, a small blind pouch
dors/o
back
duct/o
lead, move
duoden/o
duodenum
(part of small intestine)
duoden/o
duodenum
ech/o
to bounce, sound
ede
swelling
elast/o
change shape
electr/o
electricity
embol/o
a plug
embry/o
embryo
emesis
vomit
emmetr/o
according to measure
encephal/o
brain
enter/o
small intestine
episi/o
vulva
erythr/o
red
esthesi
sensation or perception
febr
fever
flex
bend
foramen
opening
fract
break
gastr/o
stomach
gest
carry, produce, congestion
glyc/o
sugar, sweet
gno
know
gyn/o
woman, female
hem(at)/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
heter/o
other, different
hom/o
the same
hydr/o
water
idi/o
person, self
lact/o
milk
leuk/o
white
lingu/o
tongue
mal/o
abnormal, bad
medi/o
middle
melan/o
black, dark
men/o
month, menstruation
myel/o
marrow or spinal cord
mening/o
usually refers to the meninges
my/o
muscle
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
ocul/o
eye
opthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
ot/o
ear
ov/o
egg
palpate
to examine by touch
path/o
disease
ped/o
child or foot
percuss
to examine by shaking
phag/o
eat
pharyng/o
throat
phot/o
light
pleur/o
rib, side
pneum(at)/o
lungs, air
pneum(n)/o
lungs, air
pod(i)
foot
pseud/o
false
psych/o
mind
pto
fall
ptyal/o
saliva
pulmon/o
lungs
pur, py
pus
pyr/o
fire, heat
quadr/o; quar
four
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sangui(n)o
blood
scler/o
hard
sebum
fatty secretion of the sebaceous glands
sect/o
cut
sept/o
wall, divider; also seven
serum
clear portion of blood
sinus
cavity, channel or hollow space
som(at)
body
spir/o
coil, to breathe
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
stomat/o
mouth
thorac/o
chest
tom/o
cut
toxic/o
poisonous
toxic/o
poisonous
trich/o
hair
ur/o
urine
uter/o
uterus, womb
varic/o
dilated vein
vas/o
blood vessel
viscer/o
internal organs
xen/o
foreign (material)
xer/o
dry
xer/o
dry
a-
without, lack of
ab-
away from
ad-
to, toward
an-
without, lack of
ana-
up, back, again
ante-
before, forward
anti-
against, opposed to
auto-
self
bi-
two
brady-
slow
circum-
around, about
contra-
against, opposite
de-
down from, away
di-
twice, double
dia-
through, completely
dys-
difficult, painful, abnormal
ect(o)-
out, outside
end(o)-
within
epi-
upon, over, above
eu-
easy, good, normal
ex(o)-
outside, away from
extra-
outside, in addition
hemi-
half
hyper-
over-excessive, high
hypo-
under, below normal
in-
in, into, not, without
infra-
below, under
inter-
between
intra-
inside, within
ipsi-
same
iso-
equal
macro-
large
mal-
bad or abnormal
mega-
large
meta-
after, change
micro-
small
mono-
one, single
multi-
many
neo-
new
noct-
night
nulli-
none
olig(o)-
little, deficient
ortho-
straight or normal
pan-
all, entire
para-
near, beside, beyond, apart from
per-
through
peri-
around
poly-
many
post-
after, behind
pre-
before
primi-
first
pro-
before, in front of
quadr(i)-
four
re-
back
retro-
backward, behind
semi-
half, partial
sub-
under, below
super-
above, excess, or more than normal
supra-
above, upper
sym-
together, joined
syn-
together, joined
tachy-
rapid, fast
tetra-
four
trans-
across, through, beyond
tri-
three
uni-
one
-al
pertaining to
-algia
pertaining to pain
-asthenia
weakness
-blast
immature cell
-cele
pertaining to tumor or swelling
-centesis
pertaining to puncturing an organ or body cavity, often to drain excess fluid or obtain a sample for analysis
-cyte
cell
-ectomy
surgical removal of
-emesis
vomiting
-emia
pertaining to the presence of a substance in the blood
-esthesia
pertaining to sensation or perception
-genic
causing
-gram
record
-graph
a record or the instrument used to create the record
-ia
condition of
-ic
pertaining to
-itis
inflammation
-lysis
decline, disintegration, or destruction
-megaly
enlargement of
-meter
measuring instrument
-ology
science or study of
-oma
tumor
-osis
pertaining to a disease process (see also -sis)
-ostomy
surgical creation of an opening
-pathy
disease or system for treating disease
-phagia
pertaining to eating or swallowing
-phasia
pertaining to speech
-phobia
pertaining to an irrational fear
-plasty
plastic surgery
-plegia
paralysis
-pnea
pertaining to breathing
-ptosis
drooping
-rrhage
abnormal or excessive flow or discharge
-rrhagia
abnormal or excessive flow or discharge
-scope
instrument for examination
-scopy
examination with an instrument
-sis
a process, action, or condition (see also -osis)
-stasis
showing or stopping the normal flow of a fluid, such as bloo
-taxis
order, arrangement of
-trophic
pertaining to nutrition
semi-fowler
patient sits at a 45 degree angle
high-fowler
patient sits at a 90 degree angle
nephropathy
disease of the kidney
dysuria
painful urination
hyperemesis
excessive vomitting
analgesic
pertaining to no pain
