ch5 medical terminology Flashcards by setareh atighechi

cardi

heart
(ex: tachycardia=fast heart rate)

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hepat

liver
(ex: hepatomegaly: enlargement of the liver)

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nephr

kidney
(ex: nephropathy: disease of the kidney)

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neur

nerves
(ex: neurologist)

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psych

mind
(ex: psychology)

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thorac

chest
(thoracic: pertaining to the chest or thorax)

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hyper-

over-excessive, high
(ex: hyperventilation)

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hypo-

under, below normal
(ex: hypoperfusion: below normal blood flow to vital organs)

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tachy-

rapid/fast
(ex: tachycardia: fast heart rate)

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brady-

slow
(ex: bradypnea: slow breathing)

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pre-

before
(ex: prenatal: occurring before birth)

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post-

after, behind
(ex: post surgical: occurring after surgery)

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-al

pertaining to
(ex: syncopal: pertaining to syncope)

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-algia

pertaining to pain
(ex: arthralgia: joint pain)

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-ectomy

surgical removal of
(appendectomy: surgical removal of the appendix)

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-ic

pertaining to
(ex: diaphoretic: pertaining to diaphoresis)

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-ic

pertaining to
(ex: diaphoretic: pertaining to diaphoresis)

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-ic

pertaining to
(ex: diaphoretic: pertaining to diaphoresis)

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-itis

inflammation
(ex: epiglottitis: inflammation of epiglottis)

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-logy

study of
(cardiology: study of the heart)

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-logist

specialist
(ex: pulmonologist: specialist in diseases of the lung)

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-megaly

enlargement
(ex: cardiomegaly: enlargement of the heart)

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-megaly

enlargement
(ex: cardiomegaly: enlargement of the heart)

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-meter

measuring instrument
(ex: Sphygmomanometer: instrument to measure blood pressure)

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-oma

tumor (usually referring to cancer) (ex: lymphoma: cancer of lymphatic system)

-pathy

disease (ex: nephropathy: diseases of the kidneys)

words that end in "a" change to ..... when plural

ae (ex: vertebra--->vertebrae)

words that end in "is" change to..... when plural

es (ex: diagnosis--->diagnoses)

words that end in "is" change to..... when plural

es (ex: diagnosis--->diagnoses)

words that end in "is" change to..... when plural

es (ex: diagnosis--->diagnoses)

words that end in "is" change to..... when plural

es (ex: diagnosis--->diagnoses)

words that end in "ex/ix" change to.....when plural

ices (ex: apex--->apices)

words that end in "on/um" change to....when plural

a (ex: ovum--->ova)

words that end in "us" change to....when plural

i (ex: bronchus--->bronchi)

uni-

one

dipl-

two; double

null-

none

primi-

first

multi-

many

bi-

two

tri-

three

quad-

four

tetra-

four

quint-

five

sext-

six

sept-

seven

oct-

eight

nona-

nine

deca-

ten

semi-

half; partial

hemi-

half; one-sided

ambi-

both

pan-

all; entire

cyan/o

blue (ex: cyanosis)

leuk/o

white (ex: leukocyte)

erythr/o

red (ex: erythrocytes)

cirrh/o

yellow-orange (ex: cirrhosis)

melan/o

black (ex: melana)

poli/o

gray (ex: poliomyelitis)

alb

white (ex: albino)

chlor/o

green (ex: chlorophyll)

ab-

away from (ex: abduction)

ad-

to; toward (ex: adduction)

de-

down from, away

circum-

around, about

peri-

around

trans-

across, through, beyond

epi-

above, upon, on

supra-

above, over

retro-

behind

sub-

beneath, under

infra-

below, under

para-

near, beside, beyond, apart from

contra-

against, opposite

ecto-

out outside

endo-

within

extra-

outside, in addition

intra-

inside, within

ipsi-

same

anterior (ventral)

front -front surface of the body/belly side

posterior (dorsal)

back -the back surface of the body/spinal side

superior

top (closest to the head)

inferior

bottom (closest to the feet)

proximal

closest -closest to the point of attachment

distal

farthest -farthest from the point of attachment

medial

middle -closest to the midline

lateral

side -farthest from the midline

deep

in -farthest from the surface of the skin

superficial

out -closest to the surface of the skin

superficial

out -closest to the surface of the skin

palmar

front region of the hand (palm of hand)

plantar

bottom of the foot

apex

the tip of a structure

flexion

decreasing the angle of the joint

extension

increasing the angle of the joint

adduction

motion toward the midline

abduction

motion away from the midline

bilateral

a body part that appears on both sides of the midline (ex: eyes, ears, hands)

quadrants

a way to describe the sections of the abdominal cavity

prone position

body is lying face down

supine position

body is lying faceup

Fowler position

body is placed in a semi-reclining position with the head elevated to help them breathe easier and to control the airway (patient sitting upright)

abdomin/o

abdomen

acou/o

hear

aden/o

gland

adip/o

fat

alb/o

white

alges/o

pain

andr/o

man, male

angi/o

vessel

angin/o

blood vessel

ankyl/o

fused, stiff

anter/o

front

aort/o

aorta

append/o

appendix

arteri/o

artery

arthr/o

joint

asthen/o

weak

atel/o

incomplete

ather/o

fat

atri/o

atrium

audi/o

to hear

aur/o

ear

aut/o

self

bacteri/o

bacteria

life; also two

bil/i

bile

blast/o

germ, bud, developing cell

blephar/o

eyelid

brachi/o

arm

bronch/i

airway, bronchus

bucc/o

cheek

burs/o

pouch or sac

calc/i

calcium

capn/o

carbon dioxide

carcin/o

cancer

cardi/o

heart

carp/o

wrist

cartil/o

cartilage, gristle

caud/o

tail

cec/o

blind intestine, cecum

cel/o

hernia, protrusion

cent/e

to puncture (a body cavity)

cent/i

one-hundredth or 100

cephal/o

head

cerebr/o

brain, cerebrum

cervic/o

neck

chol/e

bile

chondr/o

cartilage

chrom/o

color

chron/o

time

cirrh/o

yellow-orange

cleid/o

clavicle

col/o

colon

colp/o

vagina

condyl/o

knuckle of a joint

cor/o

pupil

corne/o

cornea

cost/o

rib

crani/o

cranium, skull

crin/o

to secrete

cubitus

elbow

cutane/o

skin

cycl/o

circle or cycle

cyst/o

bladder

cyt/o

cell

derm(at)/o

skin

digit

finger or toe

dipl/o

two, double

dips/o

thirst

disk/o

flat shape, intervertebral disk

dist/o

distant

diverticul/o

diverticulum, a small blind pouch

dors/o

back

duct/o

lead, move

duoden/o

duodenum (part of small intestine)

duoden/o

duodenum

ech/o

to bounce, sound

ede

swelling

elast/o

change shape

electr/o

electricity

embol/o

a plug

embry/o

embryo

emesis

vomit

emmetr/o

according to measure

encephal/o

brain

enter/o

small intestine

episi/o

vulva

erythr/o

red

esthesi

sensation or perception

febr

fever

flex

bend

foramen

opening

fract

break

gastr/o

stomach

gest

carry, produce, congestion

glyc/o

sugar, sweet

gno

know

gyn/o

woman, female

hem(at)/o

blood

hepat/o

liver

heter/o

other, different

hom/o

the same

hydr/o

water

idi/o

person, self

lact/o

milk

leuk/o

white

lingu/o

tongue

mal/o

abnormal, bad

medi/o

middle

melan/o

black, dark

men/o

month, menstruation

myel/o

marrow or spinal cord

mening/o

usually refers to the meninges

my/o

muscle

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

ocul/o

eye

opthalm/o

eye

oste/o

bone

ot/o

ear

ov/o

egg

palpate

to examine by touch

path/o

disease

ped/o

child or foot

percuss

to examine by shaking

phag/o

eat

pharyng/o

throat

phot/o

light

pleur/o

rib, side

pneum(at)/o

lungs, air

pneum(n)/o

lungs, air

pod(i)

foot

pseud/o

false

psych/o

mind

pto

fall

ptyal/o

saliva

pulmon/o

lungs

pur, py

pus

pyr/o

fire, heat

quadr/o; quar

four

ren/o

kidney

rhin/o

nose

sangui(n)o

blood

scler/o

hard

sebum

fatty secretion of the sebaceous glands

sect/o

cut

sept/o

wall, divider; also seven

serum

clear portion of blood

sinus

cavity, channel or hollow space

som(at)

body

spir/o

coil, to breathe

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

stomat/o

mouth

thorac/o

chest

tom/o

cut

toxic/o

poisonous

toxic/o

poisonous

trich/o

hair

ur/o

urine

uter/o

uterus, womb

varic/o

dilated vein

vas/o

blood vessel

viscer/o

internal organs

xen/o

foreign (material)

xer/o

dry

xer/o

dry

without, lack of

ab-

away from

ad-

to, toward

an-

without, lack of

ana-

up, back, again

ante-

before, forward

anti-

against, opposed to

auto-

self

bi-

two

brady-

slow

circum-

around, about

contra-

against, opposite

de-

down from, away

di-

twice, double

dia-

through, completely

dys-

difficult, painful, abnormal

ect(o)-

out, outside

end(o)-

within

epi-

upon, over, above

eu-

easy, good, normal

ex(o)-

outside, away from

extra-

outside, in addition

hemi-

half

hyper-

over-excessive, high

hypo-

under, below normal

in-

in, into, not, without

infra-

below, under

inter-

between

intra-

inside, within

ipsi-

same

iso-

equal

macro-

large

mal-

bad or abnormal

mega-

large

meta-

after, change

micro-

small

mono-

one, single

multi-

many

neo-

new

noct-

night

nulli-

none

olig(o)-

little, deficient

ortho-

straight or normal

pan-

all, entire

para-

near, beside, beyond, apart from

per-

through

peri-

around

poly-

many

post-

after, behind

pre-

before

primi-

first

pro-

before, in front of

quadr(i)-

four

re-

back

retro-

backward, behind

semi-

half, partial

sub-

under, below

super-

above, excess, or more than normal

supra-

above, upper

sym-

together, joined

syn-

together, joined

tachy-

rapid, fast

tetra-

four

trans-

across, through, beyond

tri-

three

uni-

one

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pertaining to pain

-asthenia

weakness

-blast

immature cell

-cele

pertaining to tumor or swelling

-centesis

pertaining to puncturing an organ or body cavity, often to drain excess fluid or obtain a sample for analysis

-cyte

cell

-ectomy

surgical removal of

-emesis

vomiting

-emia

pertaining to the presence of a substance in the blood

-esthesia

pertaining to sensation or perception

-genic

causing

-gram

record

-graph

a record or the instrument used to create the record

-ia

condition of

-ic

pertaining to

-itis

inflammation

-lysis

decline, disintegration, or destruction

-megaly

enlargement of

-meter

measuring instrument

-ology

science or study of

-oma

tumor

-osis

pertaining to a disease process (see also -sis)

-ostomy

surgical creation of an opening

-pathy

disease or system for treating disease

-phagia

pertaining to eating or swallowing

-phasia

pertaining to speech

-phobia

pertaining to an irrational fear

-plasty

plastic surgery

-plegia

paralysis

-pnea

pertaining to breathing

-ptosis

drooping

-rrhage

abnormal or excessive flow or discharge

-rrhagia

abnormal or excessive flow or discharge

-scope

instrument for examination

-scopy

examination with an instrument

-sis

a process, action, or condition (see also -osis)

-stasis

showing or stopping the normal flow of a fluid, such as bloo

-taxis

order, arrangement of

-trophic

pertaining to nutrition

semi-fowler

patient sits at a 45 degree angle

high-fowler

patient sits at a 90 degree angle

nephropathy

disease of the kidney

dysuria

painful urination

hyperemesis

excessive vomitting

analgesic

pertaining to no pain