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EMT class > ch17 (cardiovascular emergencies) > Flashcards

ch17 (cardiovascular emergencies) Flashcards

1
Q

atrium

A

upper chamber; receives incoming blood

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2
Q

ventricle

A

lower chamber; pumps outgoing blood

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3
Q

aorta

A

body’s main artery; receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all other arteries

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4
Q

the right side of the heart…

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body

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5
Q

after contraction of the right ventricle…

A

blood flows into the pulmonary artery and travels through the pulmonary circulation

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6
Q

the left side of the hard receives…

A

oxygenates blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins

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7
Q

automaticity

A

allows a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without stimulus from a nerve cell

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8
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

part of the brain that controls involuntary actions (heart rate, blood pressure, digestion)

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9
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight
-increases heart rate, respiratory rate and depth

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10
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

relaxation (rest and digest)
-slows the heart and respiratory rates

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11
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle

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12
Q

cardiac output is increased by…

A

increasing heart rate or stroke volume

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13
Q

dilation

A

widening

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14
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart

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15
Q

aortic valve

A

between left ventricle and aorta that keeps blood from back flowing into the left ventricle

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16
Q

anterior

A

front

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17
Q

posterior

A

back

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18
Q

superior vena cava

A

upper; carries blood from the head and arms back to the right atrium

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19
Q

inferior vena cava

A

carries blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and legs back to the right atrium

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20
Q

the superior and inferior vena cavae join at the…

A

right atrium of the heart

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20
Q

the superior and inferior vena cavae join at the…

A

right atrium of the heart

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21
Q

blood pressure

A

the force of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries

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22
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

maximum pressure generated in the arms and legs during the contraction of the left ventricle

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23
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries while the left ventricle is at rest

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24
cardiac output
heart rate x stroke volume -the volume of blood that passes through the heart in 1 minute
25
perfusion
constant flow of oxygenated blood to the tissues
26
ischemia
decreased blood flow to the myocardium; chest pain or discomfort relating to the heart; lack of oxygen
27
thromboembolism
blood clot that is floating through blood vessels until it reaches a narrow space, causing it to stop and block the blood flow at that point
28
acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
heart attack; occurs if there's a blockage in the coronary artery -pressure pain (elephant sitting on chest)
29
infarction
tissue death
30
cardiac arrest
heart fails to generate effective blood flow; pulses are not palpable
31
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia (angina and myocardial infarction)
32
angina pectoris
-usually during periods of physical or emotional stress temporary chest pain due to blockage of blood flow to the heart
33
pain of an AMI:
1. may or may not be caused by exertion 2. lasts between 30 mins and several hours 3. may not be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
34
syncope
fainting
35
dysrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythm; ventricle fibrillation (VF)
36
tachycardia
rapid breathing of the heart; 100 beats/min or more
37
bradycardia
unusually slow beating of the heart; 60 beats/min or less
38
ventricular tachycardia
rapid heart rhythm; 150 to 200 beats/min can lead to cardiac arrest
39
ventricular fibrillation
disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles; no blood is pumped through the body, a state of cardiac arrest
40
defibrillate
to shock the heart with an electric current to stop the chaotic contraction of the myocardial cells and allow them to start again in a synchronized manner
41
asystole
absence of all heart electrical activity; most PTs will die
42
cardiogenic shock
lack of oxygen to body tissues
43
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart loses some ability to pump blood, usually because of damaged heart muscle; fluid backs up into the lungs
44
dependent edema
collection of fluid in the part of the body that is closest to the ground; may indicate underlying heart disease
45
hypertension
systolic BP >130 mmHg diastolic BP >80 mmHg
46
hypertensive emergency
systolic pressure greater than 180 mmHg in the presence of organ damage; sign is a severe headache
47
aortic aneurysm
weakness in the wall of the aorta; aorta dilates at the weakened area and makes it susceptible to rupture -feels like a tearing pain
48
dissecting aneurysm
occurs when inner layers of the aorta become separated, allowing blood to flow between the layers
49
if a patient is having any difficulty breathing or low oxygen saturation....
administer oxygen at 4L/min via a nasal cannula
50
the presence of crackles indicate...
fluid in the lungs
51
wet-sounding lungs indicate...
fluid is being moved into the lungs from the circulatory system (maybe because of a heart problem)
52
aspirin function
prevents new clots from forming or existing clots from getting bigger
53
nitroglycerin function
dilates coronary arteries; decrease in blood pressure and severe headache, increases blood flow+oxygen to the heart
54
if systolic blood pressure is less than _______ mmHg do not give nitroglycerin
100 mmHg
55
the maximum prescribed dose of nitroglycerin is...
three doses
56
artifact
ECG tracing with waves that are a result of interference (patient movement)
57
return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
return of a pulse and effective blood flow to the body in a patient who previously was in cardiac arrest
57
return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
return of a pulse and effective blood flow to the body in a patient who previously was in cardiac arrest
58
atherosclerosis
cholesterol and calcium build up inside blood vessel wall leading to partial or complete flow blockage
59
lumen
inside diameter of an artery
60
stroke volume
volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction
61
what are erectile dysfunction medications?
1. levitra (vardenafil) 2. viagra (sildenafil) 3. Cialis (tadalafil)

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