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EMT class > ch20 (endocrine+hematologic emergencies) > Flashcards

ch20 (endocrine+hematologic emergencies) Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrine system

A

communication system that controls functions inside the body; maintains homeostasis

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2
Q

endocrine glands

A

glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body

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3
Q

hormones

A

chemical substances produced by a gland that goes to another organs

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4
Q

endocrine disorders are caused by…

A

an internal communication problem

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5
Q

hypersecretion

A

more hormone

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6
Q

hyposecretion

A

not producing enough hormone

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7
Q

glucose

A

basic sugars, primary fuel for cellular respiration

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8
Q

insulin

A

necessary for glucose to enter the cells for metabolism

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9
Q

what are the 2 hormones stored in the pancreas?

A
  1. glucagon
  2. insulin
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10
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

disorder of glucose metabolism; body cannot get glucose into the cells to be used for energy

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11
Q

hyperglycemia

A

blood glucose level is above normal

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12
Q

hypoglycemia

A

blood glucose level is below normal

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13
Q

signs+symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

A

altered mental status
can present as alcohol intoxication

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14
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

autoimmune disorder; immune system produces antibodies against the pancreatic beta cells, cannot produce insulin
-without insulin glucose cannot enter the cell, cell cannot produce energy

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15
Q

normal blood glucose level is between

A

80 and 120 mg/dL

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16
Q

polyuria

A

frequent urination
(in diabetes: wasting of glucose in the urine)

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17
Q

polydipsia

A

increased thirst (leads to electrolyte abnormalities)

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18
Q

polyphagia

A

increased food intake

19
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

deep, rapid breathing
accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

20
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes where certain acids accumulate when insulin isn’t available

21
Q

what are signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis

A
  1. abdominal pain
  2. body aches
  3. nausea
  4. vomiting
  5. altered mental status or unconsciousness
22
Q

a patient with DKA will have a glucose level higher than…

A

400 mg/dL

23
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

caused by resistance to the effect of insulin at the cellular level
-obesity

24
Q

symptomatic hyperglycemia

A

occurs when blood glucose levels are very high
-state of unconsciousness

25
Q

what are signs and symptoms of symptomatic hyperglycemia?

A
  1. frequent urination
  2. increased thirst
  3. blurred vision
  4. fatigue
26
Q

in type 1 diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to…

A

ketoacidosis and dehydration

27
Q

in type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to…

A

dehydration

28
Q

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

A

life-threatening; result from high blood glucose that causes altered mental status, dehydration and organ damage

29
Q

symptomatic hypoglycemia

A

a patient’s blood glucose drops and must be corrected
- can result in changes in mental status

30
Q

symptomatic hypoglycemia

A

a patient’s blood glucose drops and must be corrected

31
Q

signs+symptoms of hypoglycemia

A

cool, clammy, diaphoretic
confusion
slow shallow respirations

32
Q

signs+symptoms of hyperglycemia

A

hot, dry, flushed skin
comatose (deep unconsciousness, unresponsive)
Cheynne stokes respirations (fast and deep breaths to slow and shallow)

33
Q

a patient who it hyperglycemic may have…

A

Kussmaul respirations (rapid, deep) and fruity breath

34
Q

the blood glucose level in neonate’s should be above…

A

70 mg/dL

35
Q

acidosis

A

buildup of excess acid in the blood

36
Q

seizures are often caused by…

A

hypoglycemia

37
Q

what are contraindications to oral glucose?

A

inability to swallow and unconsciousness (it can cause aspiration)

38
Q

hematology

A

the study of blood-related diseases

39
Q

sickle cell disease

A

inherited blood disorder that effects RBCs; odd-shaped cells protect from contracting malaria
-cells lead to dysfunctional oxygen binding and unintentional clot formation

40
Q

vasoocclusive crisis

A

ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped RBCs that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body

41
Q

hemophilia

A

decreased ability to create a clot after an injury; extended bleeding

42
Q

thrombosis

A

a blood clot in the arterial or venous system

43
Q

thrombophilia

A

disorder in the body’s ability to maintain viscosity and smooth flow of blood; results in blood clotting easily

44
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

occurs in sedentary and patients who have had recent injury or surgery
-blood clot that develops within a deep vein in the body (usually the leg)

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