ch27 (soft tissue) Flashcards
epidermis
external layer; forms a watertight covering for the body
dermis
inner layer of the skin
mucous membranes
protective barrier against bacterial invasion; secrete a water substance that lubricates the openings
closed injuries
soft-tissue damage occurs beneath the skin but the surface of the skin remains intact
open injuries
break in the surface of the skin, exposing deeper tissues to potential contamination
burns
soft-tissue damage occurs as a result of heat
contusion
bruise; bleeding underneath the skin but does not break the skin
crushing injury
occurs when significant force is applied to the body; causes tissue damage
crush syndrome
area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hrs and arterial blood flow is compromised; muscle cells die and release harmful substances into surrounding tissues
compartment syndrome
swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure; may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissue
what are the 4 types of open injuries:
- abrasions
- lacerations
- avulsions
- penetrating wounds
contamination
presence of infectious organisms in the wound
abrasion
wound of the superficial layer of the skin caused by friction (when a body part scrapes across a rough or hard surface)
laceration
deep, jagged cut in the skin
incision
sharp, smooth cut
linear
regular
stellate
irregular
avulsion
injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap
fascia
fiber-like connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons and ligaments
eation
injury in which part of the body is completely severed
penetrating wound
puncture wound; pierces the skin
impaled objects
penetrate the skin but remain in place
evisceration
open wound in the abdominal cavity may expose internal organs
how do you treat an evisceration?
cover the wound w/ sterile gauze
moisten with sterile saline solution
secure it with an occlusive dressing
rabid
infected with rabies
thermal burns occur when skin is exposed to temperatures raised higher than…
111F
RICES
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Splinting
superficial (first-degree) burns
involves only the epidermis; skin turns red
partial thickness (second degree) burns
involves epidermis and some portion of the dermis
skin is moist, white to red and blisters are present
full-thickness (third-degree) burns
extend through all skin layers
dry, leathery, appear white, dark, brown or even charred
rule of nines
divides the body into sections
thermal burn
caused by heat
flame burn
deep burn caused by an open flame
scald burn
burn caused by hot liquids
contact burn
burn caused by contact with a hot object
ecchymosis
buildup of blood beneath the skin; blue or black discoloration; result of an injury
excited delirium
person exhibits agitated behavior with disorientations, hallucinations, or delusions
hematoma
mass of blood that has collected within damaged tissue beneath the skin or in a body cavity
occlusive dressing
airtight dressing that protects a wound from air and bacteria
flash burn
burn caused by exposure to very intense heat (such as an explosion)
steam burn
burn caused by exposure to hot steam
