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EMT class > ch16 (respiratory emergencies) > Flashcards

ch16 (respiratory emergencies) Flashcards

1
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing/shortness of breath

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2
Q

respiration

A

exchange of oxygen for CO2

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3
Q

why co2 in the blood necessary?

A

1.stimulates breathing
2. helps maintain pH level

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4
Q

normal breathing rate for adults

A

12-20 breaths/min

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5
Q

normal breathing rate for children

A

15-30 breaths/min

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6
Q

normal breathing rate for infants

A

30-60 breaths/min

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7
Q

carbon dioxide retention

A

high blood level of co2 where the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of co2

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8
Q

ventilation

A

exchange of air between the lungs and environment

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9
Q

hypoxic drive

A

low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive

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10
Q

hypoxia

A

body’s cells and tissues do not get enough oxygen

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11
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of alveolar air spaces in the lungs

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12
Q

bronchitis

A

chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue

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13
Q

orthopnea

A

severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved when sitting up

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14
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

severe shortness of breath; especially at night after lying down, person is forced to sit up to breathe

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15
Q

diphtheria

A

infectious disease where a lining forms in the larynx obstruct the passage of air into it

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16
Q

oxygenation

A

delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs

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17
Q

croup

A

caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea
-acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract seen in children between 6 months and 3 yrs

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18
Q

what are hallmark signs of croup?

A

stridor and a seal-bark cough

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19
Q

epiglottitis

A

bacterial infection; inflammation of the epiglottis
-mainly occurs in infants and children

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20
Q

what are some signs of epiglottitis?

A

tripod position and drooling; stridor

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21
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

infection in the lungs and breathing passages and can lead to other serious illnesses
-highly contagious spreads through droplets

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22
Q

bronchiolitis

A

respiratory illness caused by RSV; severe inflammation of the bronchioles
-occurs most frequently in newborns and toddlers

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23
Q

pneumonia

A

infection of the lungs (secondary infection)

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24
Q

pertussis

A

-whooping cough
-airborne bacterial infection that affects children under 6 yrs

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25
Q

influenza type A

A

animal respiratory disease that has mutated to affect humans
-transmitted by direct contact

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26
Q

pandemic

A

an outbreak that occurs on a global scale

27
Q

COVID-19

A

respiratory disease; primarily affecting the elderly
-transmitted by aerosol droplets

28
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

bacterial infection; spreads by cough
-most commonly found in the lungs but can be found in any organ

29
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid within the alveoli and lung tissue
-a result of congestive heart failure

30
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible

31
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

ongoing irritation of the trachea and bronchi
-occurs because of infectious disease or irritants (smoking)

32
Q

emphysema

A

loss of the elastic material in the lungs

33
Q

the most common form of COPD is …

A

emphysema

34
Q

allergen

A

substance that causes an allergic reaction

35
Q

asthma

A

acute spasm of the bronchioles because of excessive mucus production

36
Q

hay fever

A

allergic rhinitis causes coldlike symptoms
-symptoms are caused by an an allergic response

37
Q

anaphylaxis

A

severe allergic reaction due to airway swelling and dilation of blood vessels; may include shock+respiratory failure
-may lower blood pressure

38
Q

pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity

39
Q

pleuritic chest pain

A

sharp, stabbing pain on one side that is worse during inspiration and expiration or with certain movement of the chest wall

40
Q

pleural effusion

A

collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung

41
Q

embolus

A

blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage of blood flow

42
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blood clot formed in a vein that breaks off and circulates through the venous system

43
Q

acidosis

A

buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from the primary illness

44
Q

alkalosis

A

buildup of excess base (lack of acid) in body fluids

45
Q

hyperventilation syndrome

A

associated with panic attacks; occurs in the absence of physical problems
(40 shallow breaths/min or 20 deep breaths/min)

46
Q

carbon monoxide

A

colorless, tasteless, poisonous gas

47
Q

hyperventilation

A

rapid breathing where the level of carbon dioxide falls below normal

48
Q

how is carbon monoxide produced?

A

fuel-burning household appliances (heaters, grills, generators)

49
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

normal breath sounds

50
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

normal breath sounds

51
Q

adventitious breath sounds

A

decreased, absent or abnormal breath sounds (wheezing, stridor, rhonchi and crackles)

52
Q

wheezing

A

constriction and/or inflammation in the bronchus
-high-pitched heard on exhalation

53
Q

crackles

A

sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in the alveoli
-crackling/bubbling sound heard on inspiration

54
Q

crackle sounds are often a result of….

A

congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema

55
Q

rhonchi

A

low-pitched rattling sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger airway (can be heard with infections)

56
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched sounds hear don inspiration as air tries to pass through an obstruction in the upper airway

57
Q

what does wheezing suggest?

A

obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways

58
Q

what does wheezing suggest?

A

obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways

59
Q

PASTE

A

Progression
Associated chest pain
Sputum
Talking tiredness
Exercise tolerance

60
Q

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A

mini spray canister used to direct substances through the mouth and into the lungs

61
Q

small-volume nebulizer

A

works by providing a means for a fine mist of aerosolized medicine to get deep into the patient’s lungs and start to work quickly

62
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

noninvasive means of providing ventilatory support for patients experiencing respiratory distress associated with COPD

63
Q

CPAP functions:

A
  1. increases pressure in the lungs
  2. pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane
  3. forces interstitial fluid back into the pulmonary circulation

EMT class (32 decks)

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