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EMT class > ch16 (respiratory emergencies) > Flashcards

ch16 (respiratory emergencies) Flashcards

1
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing/shortness of breath

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2
Q

respiration

A

exchange of oxygen for CO2

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3
Q

why co2 in the blood necessary?

A

1.stimulates breathing
2. helps maintain pH level

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4
Q

normal breathing rate for adults

A

12-20 breaths/min

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5
Q

normal breathing rate for children

A

15-30 breaths/min

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6
Q

normal breathing rate for infants

A

30-60 breaths/min

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7
Q

carbon dioxide retention

A

high blood level of co2 where the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of co2

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8
Q

ventilation

A

exchange of air between the lungs and environment

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9
Q

hypoxic drive

A

low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive

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10
Q

hypoxia

A

body’s cells and tissues do not get enough oxygen

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11
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of alveolar air spaces in the lungs

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12
Q

bronchitis

A

chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue

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13
Q

orthopnea

A

severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved when sitting up

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14
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

severe shortness of breath; especially at night after lying down, person is forced to sit up to breathe

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15
Q

diphtheria

A

infectious disease where a lining forms in the larynx obstruct the passage of air into it

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16
Q

oxygenation

A

delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs

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17
Q

croup

A

caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea
-acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract seen in children between 6 months and 3 yrs

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18
Q

what are hallmark signs of croup?

A

stridor and a seal-bark cough

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19
Q

epiglottitis

A

bacterial infection; inflammation of the epiglottis
-mainly occurs in infants and children

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20
Q

what are some signs of epiglottitis?

A

tripod position and drooling; stridor

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21
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

infection in the lungs and breathing passages and can lead to other serious illnesses
-highly contagious spreads through droplets

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22
Q

bronchiolitis

A

respiratory illness caused by RSV; severe inflammation of the bronchioles
-occurs most frequently in newborns and toddlers

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23
Q

pneumonia

A

infection of the lungs (secondary infection)

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24
Q

pertussis

A

-whooping cough
-airborne bacterial infection that affects children under 6 yrs

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25
influenza type A
animal respiratory disease that has mutated to affect humans -transmitted by direct contact
26
pandemic
an outbreak that occurs on a global scale
27
COVID-19
respiratory disease; primarily affecting the elderly -transmitted by aerosol droplets
28
tuberculosis (TB)
bacterial infection; spreads by cough -most commonly found in the lungs but can be found in any organ
29
pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid within the alveoli and lung tissue -a result of congestive heart failure
30
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
31
chronic bronchitis
ongoing irritation of the trachea and bronchi -occurs because of infectious disease or irritants (smoking)
32
emphysema
loss of the elastic material in the lungs
33
the most common form of COPD is ...
emphysema
34
allergen
substance that causes an allergic reaction
35
asthma
acute spasm of the bronchioles because of excessive mucus production
36
hay fever
allergic rhinitis causes coldlike symptoms -symptoms are caused by an an allergic response
37
anaphylaxis
severe allergic reaction due to airway swelling and dilation of blood vessels; may include shock+respiratory failure -may lower blood pressure
38
pneumothorax
accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity
39
pleuritic chest pain
sharp, stabbing pain on one side that is worse during inspiration and expiration or with certain movement of the chest wall
40
pleural effusion
collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung
41
embolus
blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage of blood flow
42
pulmonary embolism
blood clot formed in a vein that breaks off and circulates through the venous system
43
acidosis
buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from the primary illness
44
alkalosis
buildup of excess base (lack of acid) in body fluids
45
hyperventilation syndrome
associated with panic attacks; occurs in the absence of physical problems (40 shallow breaths/min or 20 deep breaths/min)
46
carbon monoxide
colorless, tasteless, poisonous gas
47
hyperventilation
rapid breathing where the level of carbon dioxide falls below normal
48
how is carbon monoxide produced?
fuel-burning household appliances (heaters, grills, generators)
49
vesicular breath sounds
normal breath sounds
50
bronchial breath sounds
normal breath sounds
51
adventitious breath sounds
decreased, absent or abnormal breath sounds (wheezing, stridor, rhonchi and crackles)
52
wheezing
constriction and/or inflammation in the bronchus -high-pitched heard on exhalation
53
crackles
sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in the alveoli -crackling/bubbling sound heard on inspiration
54
crackle sounds are often a result of....
congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema
55
rhonchi
low-pitched rattling sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger airway (can be heard with infections)
56
stridor
high-pitched sounds hear don inspiration as air tries to pass through an obstruction in the upper airway
57
what does wheezing suggest?
obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways
58
what does wheezing suggest?
obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways
59
PASTE
Progression Associated chest pain Sputum Talking tiredness Exercise tolerance
60
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
mini spray canister used to direct substances through the mouth and into the lungs
61
small-volume nebulizer
works by providing a means for a fine mist of aerosolized medicine to get deep into the patient's lungs and start to work quickly
62
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
noninvasive means of providing ventilatory support for patients experiencing respiratory distress associated with COPD
63
CPAP functions:
1. increases pressure in the lungs 2. pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane 3. forces interstitial fluid back into the pulmonary circulation

EMT class (32 decks)

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