ch21 (allergy+anaphylaxis)

Question 1

immunology

Answer 1

study of the body’s immune system

Question 2

immune system

Answer 2

protects the body from foreign substances and organisms

Question 3

allergic reaction

Answer 3

exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent

Question 4

immune response

Answer 4

body’s response to a foreign substance

Question 5

histamines

Answer 5

chemical substance released by the immune system in allergic reactions; responsible for symptoms of anaphylaxis

Question 6

leukotrienes

Answer 6

chemical substance released the immune system in allergic reactions; responsible for symptoms anaphylaxis

Question 7

allergen

Answer 7

substance that causes an allergic reaction

Question 8

anaphylaxis

Answer 8

life-threatening allergic reaction; can lead to shock and respiratory failure

Question 9

urticaria

Answer 9

small areas of itching or burning; small raised areas on the skin (hives)

Question 10

angioedema

Answer 10

areas of localized swelling

Question 11

wheezing

Answer 11

high-pitched whistling sound, heard on expiration
-lower airway obstruction

Question 12

stridor

Answer 12

high-pitched sound hear during inspiration
-upper airway obstruction

Question 13

envenomation

Answer 13

the act of injecting venom

Question 14

toxin

Answer 14

harmful substance produced by living cells or organisms

Question 15

wheal

Answer 15

raised, swollen well-defined area on the skin

Question 16

signs+symptoms of insect stings and bites:

Answer 16

pain, swelling, localized heat, urticaria, redness, itchiness, wheal

Question 17

the definitive treatment for shock resulting in anaphylaxis is…

Answer 17

epinephrine and then transport AFTER epinephrine is given

Question 18

epinephrine

Answer 18

hormone that mimics the fight-or-flight response; sympathomimetic

Question 19

indications of epinephrine

Answer 19

severe allergic reaction causing airway, breathing or circulatory compromise or anaphylaxis

Question 20

contraindications of epinephrine

Answer 20

if it is not a life-threatening emergency; contact medical control if PT has history of heart disease or acute coronary syndrome

Question 21

actions of epinephrine

Answer 21

vasoconstriction, increased BP, bronchodilation, pulse rate increases

Question 22

side effects of epinephrine

Answer 22

tachycardia, sweating, pale skin, dizziness, headaches, palpitations

Question 23

dose of epinephrine for adults

Answer 23

0.3 mg

Question 24

dose of epinephrine for children

Answer 24

0.15 mg

Question 25

where should you place the tip of the auto-injector?

Answer 25

lateral part of thigh, between groin and knee

Question 26

if the patient’s signs and symptoms do not improve after 5 minutes and the patient has another auto-injector you should…

Answer 26

consider assisting with a second dose (final dose)

Question 27

if the patient’s signs and symptoms do not improve after 5 minutes and the patient has another auto-injector you should…

Answer 27

consider assisting with a second dose (final dose)

Question 28

you hold the epipen injector for how long?

Answer 28

10 seconds and then rub the area (this makes sure it gets into the muscle)