ch25 (trauma) Flashcards
trauma emergencies
occur as a result of physical forced applied to the body
medical emergencies
illnesses or conditions
index of suspicion
awareness of underlying unseen injuries
mechanism of injury
forces acting on the body that cause injury
3 concepts of energy associated with injury
potential, kinetic, and the energy of work
work
measure of force over a distance
kinetic energy
energy of a moving object
1/2 M*V^2
potential energy
product of mass, gravity, and height which is connected into kinetic energy
multisystem trauma
injury to more than one body system
blunt trauma
result of force to the body that causes injury
penetrating trauma
injury by objects that pierce and penetrate the surface of the body and internal organs
three collisions in a typical impact are:
- collision of the car against another object
- collision of the passenger against the interior of the car
- collision of the passenger’s internal organs against the solid structures of the body
coup-contrecroup brain injury
brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue can cause injury on the opposite side of original impact
coup-contrecroup brain injury
brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue can cause injury on the opposite side of original impact
deceleration
slowing of an object
projectile
an object propelled by force
trajectory
the path that a projectile takes
cavitation
when speed causes a bullet to make pressure waves which causes damage distant from the bullet’s path
drag
air resistance; slows the projectile and reduces damage to tissues
tympanic membrane
eardrum
primary blast injury
injuries due to the blast wave itself
secondary blast injury
injuries due to missiles being propelled by blast force
tertiary blast injury
injuries due to impact with another object
quatenary blast injury
collateral injuries such as burns, crush injuries, toxic inhalation
level I trauma facility
comprehensive care facility; provides total care for every aspect of injury
level II trauma facility
able to initiate definitive care for all injured patients
level III facility
able to provide prompt assessment, resuscitation, and stabilization of injured patients and emergency operations
level IV facility
provides advanced trauma life support before transfer of patients to a higher level trauma center
arterial air embolism
air bubbles in arterial blood vessels
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Score
used to determine LOC for:
1. eye opening
2. verbal response
3. motor response
(used to predict patient outcomes)
pulmonary blast injuries
pulmonary trauma from short-range exposure to explosives
revised trauma score (RTS)
scoring system used for patients with head trauma
trauma score
1 to 16
-likelihood of patient survival with the exception fo severe head injury
GCS, respiratory rate, respiratory expansion, systolic BP, and capillary refill
