ch12 (principles of pharmacology)

Question 1

pharmacology

Answer 1

the study of the properties and effects of medications

Question 2

medication

Answer 2

a substance used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain

Question 3

pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

the process by which a medication works on the body

Question 4

infarction

Answer 4

tissue death

Question 5

agonist

Answer 5

a medication that causes stimulation of receptors

Question 6

antagonist

Answer 6

medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications or chemicals from attaching

Question 7

antibiotic

Answer 7

targets bacteria

Question 8

antifungal

Answer 8

targets fungi

Question 9

dose

Answer 9

the amount of medication that is given based on patient’s age and size

Question 10

action

Answer 10

the therapeutic effect of medication on the body

Question 11

pharmacokinetics

Answer 11

actions of the body upon the medication
(how it’s absorbed, distributed, changed, and eliminated)

Question 12

onset of action

Answer 12

time from medication administration until clinical effects occur

Question 13

duration

Answer 13

length of time that clinical effects last

Question 14

elimination

Answer 14

how medications or chemicals are removed from the body

Question 15

peak

Answer 15

period when the maximum clinical effect is achieved

Question 16

indications

Answer 16

reasons or conditions for which a particular medication is given

Question 17

contraindications

Answer 17

when a medication would harm the patient or have no positive effect on the patient’s condition

Question 18

adverse effects

Answer 18

any unwanted clinical results of a medication

Question 19

unintended effects

Answer 19

undesirable but pose little risk to the patient
(ex: slight headache)

Question 20

untoward effects

Answer 20

can be harmful to the patient

Question 21

generic name

Answer 21

original chemical name of a medication
(ex: ibuprofen; no capitalization)

Question 22

trade name

Answer 22

brand name
(ex: Tylenol; capitalized)

Question 23

prescription medications

Answer 23

distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to doctor’s orders

Question 24

over-the-counter medications (OTC)

Answer 24

can be purchased directly without prescription

Question 25

over-the-counter medications (OTC)

Answer 25

can be purchased directly without prescription

Question 26

enteral medications

Answer 26

enter the body through the digestive system; medications are absorbed SLOWLY

Question 27

antipyretics

Answer 27

fever-reducing medications

Question 28

parenteral medications

Answer 28

enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract (ex: skin, mucous membranes) -generally administered using needles

Question 29

absorption

Answer 29

the process which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream

Question 30

per rectum (PR)

Answer 30

through the rectum

Question 31

oral

Answer 31

medication taken by mouth

Question 32

per os (PO)

Answer 32

enter the bloodstream through the digestive system; through the mouth

Question 33

intravenous injection (IV)

Answer 33

into the vein; fastest way to deliver a chemical substance

Question 34

intraosseous injection (IO)

Answer 34

into the bone; used in unconscious patients or children

Question 35

subcutaneous injection

Answer 35

under the skin; medications are absorbed slowly this way

Question 36

intramuscular injection (IM)

Answer 36

into the muscle; medications are absorbed quickly

Question 37

inhalation

Answer 37

medications inhaled into the lungs so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream quickly

Question 38

sublingual (SL)

Answer 38

under the tongue; absorbed into the bloodstream within minutes

Question 39

transcutaneous

Answer 39

through the skin (ex: nicotine patches)

Question 40

transcutaneous

Answer 40

through the skin (ex: nicotine patches)

Question 41

intranasal (IN)

Answer 41

liquid medication through the nostril using an MAD; quick absorption

Question 42

mucosal atomizer device (MAD)

Answer 42

a specialized device for intranasal medication administration

Question 43

solution

Answer 43

liquid mixture of one or more substances that cannot be separated

Question 44

suspension

Answer 44

substances that do not dissolve well in liquids

Question 45

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Answer 45

spray canister used to direct substances through the mouth and into the lungs; usually used for patients with a respiratory illness (ex: asthma)

Question 46

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Answer 46

spray canister used to direct substances through the mouth and into the lungs; usually used for patients with a respiratory illness (ex: asthma)

Question 47

topical medications

Answer 47

applied to the surface of the skin and only affect that area (ex: lotions, creams, ointments)

Question 48

gel

Answer 48

a semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes

Question 49

peer-assisted medication

Answer 49

when the EMT administers medication to himself or to a partner

Question 50

patient-assistent medication

Answer 50

when the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication

Question 51

EMT-administered medication

Answer 51

administration of a medication by the EMT directly to the patient

Question 52

hypoglycemia

Answer 52

low blood glucose level; can be caused by an excess of insulin

Question 53

oral glucose

Answer 53

counteract the effects of hypoglycemia

Question 54

aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)

Answer 54

antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), and anti-inflammatory that inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 55

nitroglycerin

Answer 55

used for patients with cardiac conditions; relaxes the muscular walls of the coronary arteries and veins

Question 56

epinephrine

Answer 56

adrenaline; administered intramuscularly -increases heart rate+blood pressure but also eases breathing

Question 57

oxygen

Answer 57

heart and brain cannot function without this

Question 58

polypharmacy

Answer 58

the use of multiple medications by one person

Question 59

antiplatelet

Answer 59

medications that decrease the ability of blood platelets too aggregate

Question 60

anticoagulant

Answer 60

impairs the ability of blood to clot

Question 61

anti platelet and anticoagulant medications are prescribed to patients who...

Answer 61

are susceptible to dysfunctional blood clotting conditions

Question 62

medication error

Answer 62

inappropriate use of a medication that could lead to patient harm