ch19 (GI+urologic emergencies)

Question 1

solid organs in the GI system…

Answer 1

liver
spleen
pancreas
kidneys
ovaries (in women)

Question 2

hollow organs in the GI system…

Answer 2

gallbladder
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
urinary bladder

Question 3

peritoneum

Answer 3

lines the abdominal cavity; covers the organs of the abdomen

Question 4

peritonitis

Answer 4

irritation of the peritoneum

Question 5

acute abdomen

Answer 5

sudden onset of abdominal pain; usually indicates peritonitis
(immediate medical or surgical treatment needed)

Question 6

ileus

Answer 6

paralysis of the bowel; stops contractions that move material through the intestine

Question 7

emesis

Answer 7

vomiting

Question 8

diverticulitis

Answer 8

inflammation in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls of the intestines

Question 9

cholecystitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 10

cholecystitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 11

referred pain

Answer 11

pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located

Question 12

hematemesis

Answer 12

vomiting blood

Question 13

melena

Answer 13

black, tarry stools containing blood

Question 14

appendicitis localization of pain

Answer 14

right lower quadrant
around. navel

Question 15

cholecystitis localization of pain

Answer 15

right upper quadrant
right shoulder

Question 16

ulcer localization of pain

Answer 16

upper midabdomen
upper back

Question 17

diverticulitis localization of pain

Answer 17

left lower quadrant

Question 18

abdominal aortic dissection localization of pain

Answer 18

lower part of back
lower quadrants

Question 19

cystitis localization of pain

Answer 19

lower midabdomen

Question 20

kidney infection localization of pain

Answer 20

right or left flank
radiating to genitalia

Question 21

pancreatitis localization of pain

Answer 21

upper abdomen
back

Question 22

hernia localization of pain

Answer 22

anywhere in the abdomen

Question 23

peritonitis localization of pain

Answer 23

diffuse abdominal pain area

Question 24

pancreatitis

Answer 24

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 25

appendicitis

Answer 25

inflammation/infection in the appendix; frequent cause of acute abdomen

Question 26

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 26

when the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to move up into the esophagus -acid reflux disease; can cause heartburn (burning in the chest)

Question 27

mallory-weiss tear

Answer 27

tear in the junction between the esophagus and stomach; can cause severe bleeding and death

Question 28

gastroenteritis

Answer 28

infection combines with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting (bacterial organisms can cause this)

Question 29

signs+symptoms of diverticulitis

Answer 29

bright red blood from lower GI abdominal pain on left lower side

Question 30

hemorrhoids

Answer 30

swelling and inflammation of the blood vessels surrounding the rectum -bright red blood during defecation

Question 31

cystitis

Answer 31

bladder inflammation; common in women

Question 32

urinary tract infection (UTI)

Answer 32

infection in the lower urinary tract; occurs when bacteria enters the urethra

Question 33

signs+symptoms of cystitis

Answer 33

blood in urine frequency urination pressure+pain around the bladder

Question 34

uremia

Answer 34

waste product remains in the blood (kidney failure)

Question 35

kidney stones

Answer 35

when chemicals crystallize in the urine (renal calculi)

Question 36

hernia

Answer 36

protrusion of an organ or tissue through a hole or abnormal body opening

Question 37

causes of a hernia

Answer 37

1. congenital defect (Around the umbilicus) 2. surgical wound that didn't heal 3. natural weakness in that area

Question 38

strangulation

Answer 38

complete obstruction of blood circulation in an organ (because of compression or entrapment)

Question 39

what are the signs and symptoms of a serious hernia problem

Answer 39

1. reducible mass that is no longer reducible 2. pain at the hernia site 3. tenderness when the hernia is palpated 4. red or blue discoloration

Question 40

guarding

Answer 40

spasm of the abdominal wall; an effort to protect the inflamed abdomen