ch19 (GI+urologic emergencies) Flashcards
solid organs in the GI system…
liver
spleen
pancreas
kidneys
ovaries (in women)
hollow organs in the GI system…
gallbladder
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
urinary bladder
peritoneum
lines the abdominal cavity; covers the organs of the abdomen
peritonitis
irritation of the peritoneum
acute abdomen
sudden onset of abdominal pain; usually indicates peritonitis
(immediate medical or surgical treatment needed)
ileus
paralysis of the bowel; stops contractions that move material through the intestine
emesis
vomiting
diverticulitis
inflammation in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls of the intestines
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
referred pain
pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located
hematemesis
vomiting blood
melena
black, tarry stools containing blood
appendicitis localization of pain
right lower quadrant
around. navel
cholecystitis localization of pain
right upper quadrant
right shoulder
ulcer localization of pain
upper midabdomen
upper back
diverticulitis localization of pain
left lower quadrant
abdominal aortic dissection localization of pain
lower part of back
lower quadrants
cystitis localization of pain
lower midabdomen
kidney infection localization of pain
right or left flank
radiating to genitalia
pancreatitis localization of pain
upper abdomen
back
hernia localization of pain
anywhere in the abdomen
peritonitis localization of pain
diffuse abdominal pain area
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
appendicitis
inflammation/infection in the appendix; frequent cause of acute abdomen
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
when the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to move up into the esophagus
-acid reflux disease; can cause heartburn (burning in the chest)
mallory-weiss tear
tear in the junction between the esophagus and stomach; can cause severe bleeding and death
gastroenteritis
infection combines with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
(bacterial organisms can cause this)
signs+symptoms of diverticulitis
bright red blood from lower GI
abdominal pain on left lower side
hemorrhoids
swelling and inflammation of the blood vessels surrounding the rectum
-bright red blood during defecation
cystitis
bladder inflammation; common in women
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection in the lower urinary tract; occurs when bacteria enters the urethra
signs+symptoms of cystitis
blood in urine
frequency urination
pressure+pain around the bladder
uremia
waste product remains in the blood
(kidney failure)
kidney stones
when chemicals crystallize in the urine (renal calculi)
hernia
protrusion of an organ or tissue through a hole or abnormal body opening
causes of a hernia
- congenital defect (Around the umbilicus)
- surgical wound that didn’t heal
- natural weakness in that area
strangulation
complete obstruction of blood circulation in an organ (because of compression or entrapment)
what are the signs and symptoms of a serious hernia problem
- reducible mass that is no longer reducible
- pain at the hernia site
- tenderness when the hernia is palpated
- red or blue discoloration
guarding
spasm of the abdominal wall; an effort to protect the inflamed abdomen
