CH10 FLT INSTRUMENT, DISPLAYS Flashcards
What does the Primary Flight Display (PFD) indicate for airspeed?
Displays air data reference system (ADRS) airspeed information and other airspeed related information.
This includes current airspeed and Mach number indications.
Which system’s attitude information is displayed on the PFD?
Inertial Reference System (IRS) attitude information.
This is critical for pilots to understand the aircraft’s orientation.
What does the PFD display regarding Autopilot and Flight Director System Status?
Refer to PFD and HUD Flight Mode Annunciations (FMAs) in Chapter 4, Section 10 for additional information.
This section provides details on the current operational mode of the autopilot.
What altitude information is displayed on the PFD?
Displays ADRS altitude and other altitude-related information.
This includes current altitude and altitude trends.
What does the PFD show for vertical speed?
Displays ADRS vertical speed and other vertical speed information.
This helps pilots monitor climb and descent rates.
What information is displayed on the mini-map of the PFD?
Displays current IRS heading, track, and other heading information.
The mini-map is useful for situational awareness.
What additional information does the mini-map on the PFD show?
Displays the flight plan with associated information.
Refer to ND Symbology in Chapter 10, Section 40 for more details.
Fill in the blank: The PFD displays _____ altitude-related information.
ADRS
True or False: The PFD does not include any airspeed information.
False
What does the PFD provide regarding flight plan information?
Displays the flight plan with associated information.
This aids in navigation and situational awareness.
What does the PFD airspeed indication display when the MCP IAS/MACH window is blank?
The FMC computed airspeed/Mach
This information is crucial for pilots to understand the aircraft’s performance in various flight conditions.
What does the speed trend vector indicate?
Predicted airspeed in ten seconds based on current acceleration or deceleration
This helps pilots anticipate changes in airspeed due to current flight dynamics.
What is indicated by the box around the current airspeed indication when it turns amber?
Airspeed is below minimum manoeuvring speed
This alert is critical for maintaining safe flight operations.
What does the current Mach display show?
Current ADRS Mach
This information is essential for high-speed flight operations.
What does the bottom of the maximum speed bar indicate?
Maximum airspeed limited by the lowest of:
* VMO/MMO
* Landing gear placard speed
* Flap placard speed
Understanding these limits is vital for safe operation and compliance with aircraft performance specifications.
What does the bottom of the amber bar indicate?
Maximum manoeuvring speed
This speed provides 1.3 g manoeuvre capability to high speed buffet for alternative approved manoeuvre capability as preset by maintenance.
At what bank angle does 1.3 g manoeuvre capability occur in level flight?
40°
This is an important consideration for pilots when performing maneuvers.
Fill in the blank: The selected speed bug is displayed in the _______.
MCP IAS/MACH window
This feature allows pilots to set and monitor their desired flight speed.
What does the Selected Speed Bug indicate in the PFD?
Points to the airspeed/Mach selected in the MCP IAS/MACH window
It also points to FMC computed airspeed when the MCP IAS/MACH window is blank.
What is the height of the Selected Speed Bug?
Five knots
What happens to the Selected Speed Bug when the selected speed is off scale?
The bug is parked at the top or bottom of the tape, with only one half the bug visible
What are the reference speeds indicated on the PFD?
V1, VR, and several airspeeds listed in knots
Specific values include 160, 140, 123, 240, 220, 200, and 100.
What does the PFD show when the MCP IAS/MACH window is blank?
FMC computed airspeed
Fill in the blank: The bug is _______ in height.
five knots
True or False: The Selected Speed Bug is visible when the selected speed is off scale.
False
What speeds are displayed on the Primary Flight Display (PFD) for takeoff?
V1, VR, V2
V1 is the decision speed, VR is the rotation speed, and V2 is the takeoff safety speed.
What happens to V1 and VR at lift-off?
They are removed from the display
This indicates that the aircraft has taken off and is no longer referencing these speeds.
Under what conditions is V2 removed from the display after takeoff?
When flap retraction begins, after 10 minutes without flap lever movement, or after VREF has been selected
VREF is the reference landing speed for a turn-back.
What is indicated by the VNAV Speed Band?
Speed range for VNAV path (VNAV PTH)
The VNAV Speed Band shows the upper and lower limits for VNAV operations.
What is the upper limit of the VNAV Speed Band?
Speed at which VNAV changes from VNAV PTH to VNAV SPD
This transition indicates a change in the flight mode for speed management.
What is the lower limit of the VNAV Speed Band?
Speed at which autothrottle adds thrust above FMC computed descent thrust
This is critical for maintaining the desired descent profile.
What does the flap manoeuvring speed indicate?
Flap retraction or extension speed
This speed is important for safe operations during flap changes.
At what altitude is the flap manoeuvring speed not displayed?
Above approximately 20,000 feet altitude
This helps reduce clutter on the display at higher altitudes.
When is a flap manoeuvring speed not shown relative to VREF?
If within 4 knots of VREF
This is to prevent unnecessary information overload on the display.
What happens if V speeds are not selected on the CDU?
NO VSPD is displayed
The CDU (Control Display Unit) must have the speeds selected for them to appear on the PFD.
What is Vl in the context of the takeoff reference speeds?
Displayed at the top of the airspeed indication when selected and if the value is off the scale
Vl is the minimum control speed in the air.
What does the Landing Reference Speed display on the PFD?
Displays the VREF speed as selected on the CDU
Refer to Approach Reference Page in Chapter 11, Section 43 for additional information.
What is indicated when the VREF speed is off the scale?
Displayed at the bottom of the airspeed indication
What does the top of the amber bar on the PFD indicate?
Minimum manoeuvring speed
What is the minimum manoeuvring speed capable of providing below approximately 20,000 ft?
1.3 g manoeuvre capability to stick shaker
What is the minimum manoeuvring speed capable of providing above approximately 20,000 ft?
1.3 g manoeuvre capability to low speed buffet or an alternative approved manoeuvre capability as preset by maintenance
When is the minimum speed displayed on the PFD?
Indicates the airspeed where stick shaker activates
What does the Landing Flap and VREF Speed indicate?
Displays landing flap position and landing reference speed
What is the significance of 1.3 g manoeuvre capability in level flight?
Occurs at 40° of bank
Fill in the blank: The PFD displays the VREF speed as selected on the _______.
[CDU]
What does the bank pointer indicate?
Bank angle in reference to the bank angle scale and direction toward wings level
The bank pointer fills and turns amber if bank angle is 35° or more.
What is the function of the slip/skid indication?
Displaces beneath the bank pointer to indicate slip or skid
It fills white at full scale deflection and turns amber if bank angle is 35° or more.
What does the pitch limit indication represent?
Pitch limit (stick shaker activation point for the existing flight conditions)
Limited to a maximum of +30 degrees and displayed when the flaps are not up or at slow speeds with the flaps up.
What does the horizon line and pitch scale indicate?
The IRS horizon relative to the airplane symbol
The pitch scale is in 2.5° increments.
What is the bank scale used for?
Fixed reference for the bank pointer
Scale marks are at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, and 60°.
What does the airplane symbol indicate?
Airplane attitude with reference to the IRS horizon
What does the Flight Director Pitch and Roll Bars indicate?
Indicates flight director pitch and roll steering commands
Refer to Autopilot Flight Director Roll and Pitch Controls in Chapter 4, Section 10, for additional information.
What does the Flight Path Vector (FPV) display?
Displays Flight Path Angle (FPA) and drift angle
FPV is displayed if FPV is selected on the EFIS control panel or FPA is selected on the MCP.
How is the Flight Path Angle (FPA) displayed?
Displayed relative to the horizon line.
What does the drift angle represent in the Flight Path Vector (FPV)?
Perpendicular distance from the centerline of the pitch scale to the FPV symbol.
What does the Selected Flight Path Angle (FPA) indicate?
Indicates the selected flight path angle when FPA is selected on the MCP.
When is the Horizon Line Heading Scale displayed?
Displayed when:
* FPV is selected on the EFIS control panel
* FPA is selected on the MCP
* Current bank angle is less than 50°
* Absolute pitch angle is less than 20°
What does a magenta bug on the Horizon Line Heading Scale reflect?
Reflects the MCP selected heading/track value.
Fill in the blank: The Flight Path Vector (FPV) is selected on the _______ control panel.
[EFIS]
True or False: The Flight Path Angle (FPA) can be displayed without selecting it on the MCP.
False
What does the Primary Flight Display (PFD) show for radio altitude below 2,500 feet AGL?
Displays radio altitude below 2,500 feet AGL
The display box is highlighted in white for 10 seconds when passing below 2,500 feet.
What color does the PFD display turn when below radio altitude minimums?
Amber
This indicates that the aircraft is below the minimum radio altitude.
When are Rising Runway indications displayed on the PFD?
Displayed below 2,500 feet altitude when the localizer pointer is in view for both front and back courses
The rising runway symbol moves toward the airplane symbol below 200 feet radio altitude.
What happens to the stem of the rising runway symbol when localizer deviations occur?
Flashes
The stem flashes when localizer deviations cause the diamond to flash.
What does ANP stand for?
Actual Navigation Performance
What does RNP stand for?
Required Navigation Performance
Under what conditions are PFD Navigation Performance Indications displayed?
When LNAV is armed or active, VNAV is active, or TO/GA roll mode is active
True or False: PFD Navigation Performance Indications are displayed when only VNAV is active.
False
Fill in the blank: PFD Navigation Performance Indications are shown when _______ is armed or active.
[LNAV]
What mode must be active for PFD Navigation Performance Indications to be displayed alongside LNAV?
VNAV
Which mode indicates a roll mode for takeoff or go-around?
TO/GA roll mode
List the three conditions that trigger PFD Navigation Performance Indications.
- LNAV is armed or active
- VNAV is active
- TO/GA roll mode is active
What does the PFD stand for?
Primary Flight Display
What does the Navigation Performance Scale (NPS) Deviation Pointer indicate?
Indicates the navigation path relative to the airplane position
What does an unfilled magenta triangle on the NPS Deviation Pointer indicate?
Parked at deflection limit
What does a filled magenta triangle on the NPS Deviation Pointer indicate?
Not parked at deflection limit
When is the NPS Deviation Pointer displayed on the vertical deviation scale?
Only in descent phase of flight
What happens to the NPS Deviation Pointer if it migrates into the bar area for five seconds?
Flashes for ten seconds
What do the outer white tic marks on the lateral and vertical scales represent?
RNP
What does the center white tic mark represent on the deviation scales?
Airplane position
What does the part of the bar extending from an outer tic mark toward the center tic mark represent?
ANP
What happens to the bars if the ANP value increases?
Bars become longer, extending toward the center white tic mark
True or False: The deviation bars show on the vertical scale during any phase of flight.
False
The area between the deviation bars indicates _______.
Margin available to remain within RNP criteria
What is the initial state of the NPS Deviation Pointer when parked at deflection limit?
Filled
What is the significance of the margin available between bars on the deviation scales?
Indicates the available margin to remain within RNP criteria
What happens if ANP equals or exceeds RNP?
The white bars meet in the middle
This indicates that the navigation performance is being met.
What indicates that RNP operations can no longer be maintained after ANP exceeds RNP?
The bars and scale turn amber
This occurs after 5 seconds of exceeding the RNP.
What message is displayed when RNP operations cannot be maintained?
NAV UNABLE RNP EICAS message
This message is displayed on the lateral scale only.
What occurs if the pointer migrates into the bar area for more than 5 seconds?
Scale and ANP bars turn amber and pointer flashes for 10 seconds
This indicates a potential navigation performance issue.
What does PFD stand for?
Primary Flight Display
It is crucial for displaying flight information to the pilots.
In the context of PFD, what does ILS stand for?
Instrument Landing System
ILS is used for guiding aircraft during approach and landing.
Fill in the blank: If the ANP pointer is in the bar area for more than 5 seconds, the pointer will _______ for 10 seconds.
flash
True or False: The scale turns amber immediately when ANP exceeds RNP.
False
The scale turns amber after 5 seconds of exceeding RNP.
What are the visual indications on the PFD when RNP operations can no longer be maintained?
Bars and scale turn amber
This serves as a warning to the pilots.
List the components mentioned in the PFD navigation performance indications.
- ANP bars
- Lateral scale
- NAV UNABLE RNP message
What information is displayed on the Primary Flight Display (PFD) regarding the Instrument Landing System (ILS)?
Selected ILS/GLS identifier or frequency, approach front course, ILS/GLS DME distance, navigation source annunciation
The navigation source annunciation is independent of the approach data.
What does the navigation source annunciation identify?
Source of navigation performance for the deviation scales
The annunciation is displayed on the third line of the PFD.
List the possible combinations for source annunciation on the PFD.
- NPS
- ILS Localizer
- GLS Localizer
- ILS Glideslope
- GLS Glideslope
- FMC
- GPS/FMC
Each source indicates different navigation systems being utilized.
Under what conditions does ILS/GLS approach reference data appear on the PFD?
When an appropriate approach has been selected to the active route and either:
* Manually tuned
* Auto-tuned and the airplane is
* < 150 NM from the destination airport
* < 50 NM from Top of Descent
* FMC is in descent mode
This ensures that the aircraft is in the correct phase of flight for approach.
True or False: If the tuned ILS/GLS frequencies disagree, the frequency will turn amber.
True
An amber horizontal line will also appear through the frequency.
What happens if the approach courses in the ILS/GLS receivers disagree?
The course turns amber with an amber horizontal line through it
This indicates a discrepancy that needs to be resolved.
What does the NPS Deviation Pointer indicate?
Indicates the navigation path relative to the airplane position
What is indicated by the localizer pointer when NPS are shown?
Unfilled white diamond for LOC
What is indicated by the localizer pointer when NPS are not shown?
Unfilled magenta diamond for LOC
When does the localizer pointer become filled magenta?
When within 2 1/2 dots from the center
When is the localizer scale in view?
After the frequency is tuned if NPS are not shown
What happens to the scale at low radio altitudes with autopilot engaged?
Turns amber and the pointer flashes to indicate excessive localizer deviation
What does the marker beacon indication show when over a marker beacon transmitter?
Flashing indication
What does ‘IM’ stand for in marker beacon indication?
Inner Marker
What does ‘MM’ stand for in marker beacon indication?
Middle Marker
What does ‘OM’ stand for in marker beacon indication?
Outer Marker
How does the glideslope pointer appear when NPS are shown?
Unfilled white diamond for glideslope
How does the glideslope pointer appear when PS are not shown?
Unfilled magenta diamond for glideslope
Fill in the blank: The pointer indicates the ______ relative to the airplane position.
glideslope
What does the glideslope pointer indicate?
The glideslope relative to the airplane position
The pointer can show different symbols based on whether NPS are shown.
What does an unfilled white diamond represent on the glideslope pointer?
Glideslope if NPS are shown
Indicates the airplane’s position relative to the glideslope.
What does an unfilled magenta diamond indicate on the glideslope pointer?
Glideslope if NPS are not shown
This symbol appears when the glideslope signal is received.
When does the glideslope pointer become filled magenta?
When within 2 1/2 dots from the center
Indicates proximity to the ideal glideslope path.
What happens to the glideslope scale at low radio altitudes with autopilot engaged?
The scale turns amber and the pointer flashes
Indicates excessive glideslope deviation.
What is displayed on the PFD when the autopilot or flight director is in LOC mode?
Expanded Localizer Scale
This provides a more sensitive display when close to the runway center line.
In the expanded localizer scale, what does a rectangle represent?
1/2 dot deviation
This helps pilots gauge their lateral position relative to the runway.
What remains in view until glideslope capture if either LNAV or VNAV is active?
NPS indications
This is crucial for tracking the glideslope during descent.
True or False: The glideslope pointer is not in view unless the glideslope signal is received.
True
Indicates that the pointer only appears when a valid signal is detected.
Fill in the blank: The scale is in view after the frequency is tuned if _______ are not shown.
PS
PS refers to Primary System indications.
What does the approach reference data display include?
- Type of approach
- Runway
- Approach front course
- Missed approach waypoint name
- Distance to that waypoint
- Source annunciation
What are the conditions for approach reference data to appear on the display?
- < 150 NM from the destination airport
- < 50 NM from Top of Descent
- FMC is in descent mode
True or False: The source annunciation on the PFD is dependent on the approach data.
False
What does the NPS Deviation Pointer indicate?
The navigation path relative to the airplane position.
What are the possible combinations for source annunciation in the Horizontal Scale?
- INPS
- Final Approach Course
- ILS Localizer
- GLS Localizer
What are the possible combinations for source annunciation in the Vertical Scale?
- Glidepath
Fill in the blank: The approach reference data appears when the appropriate approach has been selected to the active route and the airplane is _______.
< 150 NM from the destination airport
What does the term ‘FMC’ stand for in this context?
Flight Management Computer
What is indicated when the source annunciation shows ‘NPS’?
Navigation Performance Status
What does the term ‘IAN’ stand for?
Integrated Approach Navigation
What does the final approach course pointer indicate?
The final approach course relative to the airplane position
It shows an unfilled white triangle for FAC if LNAV is active and an unfilled magenta triangle if LNAV is not active.
When is the final approach course pointer in view?
When < 25 NM from missed approach point and airplane position is within 60° of FAC
The pointer becomes filled magenta when captured.
What are the additional features of the scale related to the final approach course?
Has additional tic marks at 1/2 RNP and appears with approach reference data if navigation performance scales are not shown
Appears when capture occurs if either LNAV or VNAV is active, or LNAV is armed.
How do the deviation scales for final approach differ from ILS/GLS scales?
They are proportional to RNP and do not become more sensitive as ILS/GLS scales do
With autopilot engaged or flight director on, the scale turns amber and the pointer flashes to indicate excessive final approach course deviation.
What does the glidepath pointer indicate?
Glidepath position relative to the airplane position
It shows an unfilled white triangle if VNAV is active and an unfilled magenta triangle if VNAV is not active.
What does the glidepath pointer indicate?
Glidepath position relative to the airplane position
The pointer shows whether the airplane is above, below, or on the glidepath.
What does an unfilled white triangle on the glidepath pointer signify?
VNAV is active
VNAV stands for Vertical Navigation, indicating the system is in use.
What does an unfilled magenta triangle on the glidepath pointer signify?
VNAV is not active
This indicates that vertical navigation is currently disabled.
Under what conditions is the glidepath pointer in view?
If:
* < 6,000 feet above field elevation
* < 25 NM from missed approach point
* Airplane position is within 60° of FAC
* Airplane track is within 90° of FAC
FAC refers to Final Approach Course.
What indicates that the glidepath has been captured?
Filled magenta triangle
This visual cue confirms that the aircraft is following the glidepath.
What additional features does the glidepath scale have?
Additional tic marks at 1/2 RNP
RNP stands for Required Navigation Performance.
When does the glidepath scale appear?
When:
* Approach reference data is shown if navigation performance scales are not shown
* Capture occurs if either LNAV or VNAV is active, or LNAV is armed
LNAV stands for Lateral Navigation.
What happens to the glidepath scale when the autopilot is engaged or flight director is on?
Turns amber and the pointer flashes
This indicates excessive glidepath deviation, requiring pilot attention.
What is the purpose of the Primary Flight Display (PFD)?
To provide integrated approach navigation indications
The PFD consolidates critical flight data for easier pilot monitoring.
What does the Selected Altitude Bug indicate?
The altitude set in the MCP altitude window
It is parked at the top or bottom of the tape when off scale, with only one half visible.
What does the Altitude Trend Vector indicate?
Expected altitude six seconds ahead based on current vertical speed
How is the Selected Altitude displayed when MTRS is selected?
In meters, displayed in 10 meter increments
What is the visual indication of the Selected Altitude box when approaching the selected altitude?
Highlighted in white between 900 feet and 200 feet prior to reaching the selected altitude
What does the Current Altitude indicate?
Current ADRS altitude
How is the Current Altitude displayed when MTRS is selected?
Displays altitude in meters
What color highlights the Current Altitude box when deviating beyond 200 feet from selected altitude?
Highlighted amber
When is the amber highlight removed from the Current Altitude box?
When deviation continues beyond 900 feet
Fill in the blank: The Selected Altitude is displayed in _______ when selected in the MCP altitude window.
[feet]
What does the Landing Altitude Reference Bar indicate?
The height above touchdown
White bar indicates 500 to 1,000 feet above landing altitude; amber bar indicates 0 to 500 feet above landing altitude.
What does the BARO Minimums Pointer represent?
The minimum altitude as a triangular bug and line on the altitude scale
Turns steady amber when the airplane descends below baro minimums.
What does the crosshatched area on the PFD indicate?
The FMC landing altitude for the destination runway or airport
Indicates the landing altitude for the departure runway until 400 NM or one-half the distance to the destination.
What happens when the EFIS control panel MINS reference selector is set to BARO?
Displays BARO minimums
Displays minimums in feet MSL.
What happens when the EFIS control panel MINS reference selector is set to RADIO?
Displays RADIO minimums
Displays minimums in radio altitude feet AGL.
What indication occurs when the airplane descends below selected minimum altitude?
Turns amber and flashes for 3 seconds
This applies to both BARO and RADIO minimums.
What are the two types of minimums displayed on the PFD?
- BARO minimums
- RADIO minimums
BARO minimums are in feet MSL and RADIO minimums are in feet AGL.
What does the PFD Barometric Setting indicate?
Indicates the barometric setting selected on the EFIS control panel barometric selector.
STD is displayed when STD is selected.
What happens to the barometric display when altitude climbs above the transition altitude?
The display is boxed and changes to amber.
This occurs if a barometric setting is set or if STD is set and altitude descends below the transition flight level.
What units can be displayed for the barometric setting reference?
- IN (inches of mercury)
- HPA (Hectopascals)
These are selected on the EFIS control panel barometric reference selector.
What does QFE altitude reference indicate?
Indicates QFE altitude reference selected on the CDU APPROACH REF page.
QFE is boxed for 10 seconds when selected.
What visual cue indicates QFE operation on the altitude tape?
The altitude tape is shaded green.
This shading is removed when QNH is selected.
How is QNH displayed after being selected?
Displayed for 10 seconds, then blanks.
This occurs after the green shading is removed.
What does the Autopilot/Flight Director Barometric Source indicate?
Indicates whether the left or right EFIS control panel is the barometric setting reference.
The same indication is displayed on both PFDs.
When is L or R indicated for the barometric source?
- F/D - one turned on and one not on determines L or R
- F/D - both on - L is displayed
- A/P - first one pushed on determines L or R
These indications are displayed when the flight director switch is ON or the autopilot is engaged.
What is the purpose of the barometric setting in the PFD?
To indicate the atmospheric pressure for altitude calculations
This setting is crucial for accurate altitude readings.
When is a barometric setting considered preselected?
When STD is displayed
The preset setting is selected via the EFIS control panel.
What does the small QFE indication indicate when STD is selected?
It indicates that QFE is selected
QFE represents the pressure setting for an airport.
What does the annunciation UL signify in the PFD?
It signifies that a barometric setting uplink is accepted
This is shown to the left of the barometric preselect field.
Fill in the blank: The preset barometric setting is displayed below _______.
STD
STD stands for standard pressure setting.
What does the PFD display when a barometric setting is preselected?
The preset barometric setting below STD
This allows pilots to see the current setting easily.
True or False: The PFD can only display one type of barometric setting at a time.
True
Only the selected or preselected pressure setting will be displayed.
What does the Vertical Speed Pointer indicate?
Indicates current vertical speed
It shows the rate of climb or descent in feet per minute.
What does the Selected Vertical Speed Bug represent?
Indicates the speed selected in the MCP vertical speed window with the V/S pitch mode active
MCP stands for Mode Control Panel.
When is vertical speed displayed?
Displays vertical speed when greater than 400 feet per minute
This is relevant for both climbing and descending phases of flight.
Where is the display located when climbing versus descending?
Above when climbing and below when descending
This helps pilots quickly assess vertical speed direction.
True or False: The selected track bug and selected heading bug are displayed at the same time on the PFD.
False
Only one of these indications can be displayed at a time.
What does the Current Heading Pointer indicate?
Indicates current heading
The Current Heading Pointer is a vital component of the Primary Flight Display (PFD).
Where is the Selected Track Bug displayed?
On the inside of the compass rose
The Selected Track Bug helps pilots understand the selected track in relation to their current heading.
What happens if the selected track exceeds the display range?
The bug parks on the side of the compass rose in the direction of the shorter turn to the track
This feature aids in navigation by indicating the direction to turn.
What does the Track Line indicate?
Indicates the current track
The Track Line is crucial for pilots to follow their intended flight path.
What is displayed when HDG is selected on the MCP?
SEL HDG
This indicates that the selected heading is being referenced.
What is displayed when TRK is selected on the MCP?
SEL TRK
This indicates that the selected track is being referenced.
Where is the Selected Heading Bug displayed?
On the outside of the compass rose
The Selected Heading Bug allows pilots to visualize their selected heading.
What occurs if the selected heading exceeds the display range?
The bug parks on the side of the compass rose in the direction of the shorter turn to the heading
This feature simplifies navigation by showing the required turn direction.
What does the Heading/Track Reference display?
Displays the automatic or manually selected heading/track reference
This can include MAG (magnetic north) or TRU (true north).
Fill in the blank: The Heading/Track Reference can be either _______ or _______.
MAG, TRU
These references help pilots understand their orientation in relation to the earth’s magnetic field or true north.
What mode is the PFD shown in for some display failures?
PFD Reversion Mode
The PFD remains in the same relative position referenced to the airplane symbol center.
In PFD Reversion Mode, how is the PFD displayed?
The PFD with mini-map is cropped to fit within an MFD window
This is one half of a Display Unit.
What happens to all PFD symbology in Reversion Mode?
All PFD symbology remains in the same relative position
It is referenced to the airplane symbol center.
What is indicated by ‘SPD’ in the PFD?
Speed
This is a key parameter displayed on the Primary Flight Display.
What does ‘LNAV’ stand for in the context of PFD?
Lateral Navigation
LNAV is a mode that assists with lateral flight path management.
What does ‘VNAV PTH’ refer to?
Vertical Navigation Path
VNAV helps manage vertical flight path during climbs and descents.
Fill in the blank: The PFD displays a ground speed reading labeled as _______.
GS
GS represents the ground speed of the aircraft.
What does ‘TAS’ stand for in the PFD?
True Airspeed
TAS is the speed of the aircraft relative to the air.
What does ‘FMC’ represent?
Flight Management Computer
The FMC is used for flight planning and navigation.
What is the function of ‘A/P’ in the PFD?
Autopilot
A/P is used to automate the control of the aircraft.
True or False: In PFD Reversion Mode, the display is unaffected by failures.
False
The PFD is specifically shown in reversion mode due to display failures.
What altitude is indicated as ‘31000’ in the PFD?
Flight Level 310
This indicates an altitude of 31,000 feet.
Fill in the blank: The PFD displays a standard altimeter setting labeled as _______.
STD
STD indicates the standard atmospheric pressure setting.
What does PFD stand for?
Primary Flight Display
What are the conditions under which the AOA SPD message is displayed?
When the ADRS airspeed is not available or the on-side AIR DATA/ATT selector is in ALTN position
True or False: The Mach indication is displayed when the AOA SPD message is shown.
False
What does AOA SPD represent?
A backup airspeed based on AOA and inertial data
What happens to the baro setting display when the ADRS altitude is not valid?
It is not displayed
List two conditions that lead to the display of the ISFD SPD message.
- ADRS airspeed is not available
- On-side AIR DATA/ATT selector is in ALTN position
Fill in the blank: GPS ALT derived altitude displays cannot be used to accurately maintain _______.
ATC assigned altitudes
What does the term ‘ISFD ALT’ refer to?
An altitude indication related to the ISFD
What is the implication of displaying AOA SPD in relation to amber band indications?
Upper and lower amber band indications are not displayed
What does the term ‘ADRS’ stand for in the context of flight displays?
Air Data Reference System
What is ISFD SPD?
A backup airspeed based on single source data from the center pitot air data module and the center static air data module
Displayed if both the ADRS airspeed and AOA SPD are unavailable.
When is GPS ALT displayed?
Displayed when:
* the ADRS altitude is not available
* the on-side AIR DATA/ATT selector has been placed in the ALTN position
GPS ALT is a backup altitude based on data from GPS L or GPS R.
What is ISFD ALT?
A backup altitude based on single source data from the center static air data module
Displayed if both the ADRS altitude and GPS ALT are unavailable.
What do PFD failure flags indicate?
Indicate source system failure or lack of computed information
PFD failure flags replace the appropriate display.
What does SEL SPD refer to?
Selected Speed
Part of the flight instruments used to indicate the selected airspeed.
What is the function of Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)?
Used to measure the distance to a VOR or other navigational aid
Enhances navigation capabilities.
What does the term ‘Flight Path Vector’ refer to?
Represents the aircraft’s intended flight path
Essential for understanding trajectory and navigation.
Fill in the blank: PFD failure flags replace the appropriate display to indicate _______.
[source system failure]
Indicates a lack of computed information.
What does SPD LIM stand for?
Speed Limit
Indicates the maximum allowable speed for safe operations.
What is the significance of the Flight Director?
Guides the pilot to follow a specific flight path
Essential for maintaining proper aircraft attitude and navigation.
True or False: ISFD SPD is displayed when ADRS airspeed is available.
False
ISFD SPD is only displayed if both ADRS airspeed and AOA SPD are unavailable.
What does Glideslope / Glidepath indicate?
The vertical descent angle for landing
Critical for approach and landing phases.
What does the Vertical Situation Display (VSD) present?
A profile view of the airplane and its environment
Where is the VSD located on the Navigation Display (ND)?
On the bottom third of the ND
What type of information is shown within the cyan dashed lines on the ND?
Terrain, waypoint, and other information
In which mode can the VSD be displayed?
MAP mode
Fill in the blank: The VSD corridor is represented by _______ on the ND.
cyan dashed lines
What does the Navigation Display (ND) feature in the Vertical Situation Display (VSD)?
Indicates the area mapped by the VSD
Displayed in cyan
What is the default mode of the VSD?
Track mode
Dashed lines offset by 1 RNP from instantaneous track of airplane
What conditions automatically select Route mode on the VSD when the airplane is on the ground?
- An active flight plan has been entered
- A departure runway has been selected
- LNAV is armed
The airplane must be on the ground
What conditions must be met for Route mode to be selected while the airplane is in the air?
- Airplane is in a path-based mode (LNAV, LOC, or FAC)
- Lateral path deviation is less than RNP
RNP stands for Required Navigation Performance
What does the Altitude Reference Scale display?
Altitude in reference to the vertical position of the airplane symbol, terrain, and other objects
Shaded green during QFE operations
What does the airplane symbol on the VSD indicate?
Current airplane altitude and lateral position relative to terrain
The bottom of the triangle indicates altitude, while the point indicates lateral position
What does the Horizontal Reference Scale display?
Range in nautical miles
The scale is the full range selected on the EFIS control panel when the normal-display ND is used
In full-display ND mode, how is the Horizontal Reference Scale range calculated?
Twice the full range selected on the EFIS control panel
Applies when using the full-display ND
What does the MCP Selected Altitude Readout display?
The altitude set in the MCP altitude window
What does the Active Vertical Path display?
The path that VNAV commands if active
The VSD must be in route mode for the active vertical path to be displayed.
What indicates the selected altitude in the MCP?
Selected Altitude Bug and Line
What happens when the selected altitude is off scale?
The bug is parked at the top or bottom, with only one half the bug visible
The dashed line does not park.
What do the BARO Minimums Bug and Line indicate?
The barometric minimums selected on the EFIS control panel
What color do the pointer and dashed line turn when the airplane descends below selected minimum altitude?
Amber
How can the BARO Minimums be reset?
With the RST switch on the EFIS control panel
What is displayed with any altitude constraint beneath the Waypoint ID?
Dashed vertical line depicts lateral position
During QFE operations, how are altitude constraints shown?
In parentheses below the QNH values
What does the FMC Approach Glidepath Angle Line display?
Displayed for approaches that have a designated approach angle
How far does the dashed line of the FMC Approach Glidepath Angle extend?
10 NM for situational awareness
To what is the FMC Approach Glidepath Angle Line anchored?
The missed approach waypoint, not the runway
What symbol is used to represent altitude constraints on the waypoint anchor line?
Triangle(s)
The altitude constraint symbol is displayed as triangle(s) on the waypoint anchor line.
What does the Vertical Situation Display (VSD) represent in flight instruments?
Flight path background
The VSD provides a visual representation of the flight path background.
What does MCP stand for in the context of flight instruments?
Mode Control Panel
The MCP is used to set various flight parameters, including vertical speed and flight path angle.
What does the dashed target angle line indicate when the MCP V/S mode is selected?
Selected vertical speed
It displays the selected vertical speed as a dashed target angle line.
What does the dashed target angle line indicate when the MCP FPA mode is selected?
Flight path angle vector
It displays the flight path angle vector as a dashed target angle line.
What does the Vertical Flight Path Vector indicate?
Current flight path angle
It shows current flight path angle based on vertical speed and groundspeed.
How is the length of the Vertical Flight Path Vector determined?
Fixed at one half of the VSD range
The length of the vector does not change and is fixed relative to the VSD range.
What does the Range to Target Speed Dot (RTSD) indicate?
Where the airplane will achieve the target speed
It shows the position where the airplane will reach the FMC or MCP target speed.
When does the RTSD dot appear?
More than 5 knots above target speed
The dot is blanked within 5 knots of the target speed.
What does the Range to Target Speed Dot (RTSD) indicate?
Indicates where the airplane will achieve the FMC or MCP target speed
The dot is blanked within 5 knots of target speed, appears if more than 5 knots above target speed, and is placed at the end or edge of the vertical flight path vector line based on speed achievement.
When does the Range to Target Speed Dot appear?
Appears if more than 5 knots above target speed
The dot is unfilled and placed at the end of the vertical flight path vector line if the speed will not be achieved in that distance.
What is the purpose of the 3° Reference Line?
Displayed for approaches that do not have a designated approach angle
The dashed line extends 10 NM for situational awareness and is anchored to the runway threshold.
What do Decision Gates represent?
Displayed on the FMC approach glidepath angle line at 500 feet and 1,000 feet above field elevation
They help in determining the aircraft’s position relative to the glidepath.
What does the Runway symbol represent on the display?
Represents the selected runway
The runway length is scaled to the selected range.
Fill in the blank: The Range to Target Speed Dot is blanked within _______ of target speed.
5 knots
True or False: The 3° Reference Line may intersect terrain.
True
What is the altitude at which Decision Gates are displayed?
500 feet and 1,000 feet above field elevation
How far does the 3° Reference Line extend?
10 NM
What happens to the Range to Target Speed Dot if the speed will not be achieved within the display area?
It is unfilled and placed at the edge of the display along the vertical flight path vector line.
What does the Terrain Profile Line on the Vertical Situation Display (VSD) represent?
The highest terrain within the enroute corridor
How is the actual altitude separation between the airplane and terrain shown on the VSD?
By depicting terrain below and ahead of the airplane
What color indicates terrain that is more than 500 feet below the airplane on the VSD?
Green
What color indicates terrain ranging from 500 feet below to 2,000 feet above the airplane on the VSD?
Amber
What color indicates terrain that is more than 2,000 feet above the airplane on the VSD?
Red
At what range does the Airport Map automatically display if the airport is the ORIGIN or DESTINATION?
5 NM or less
What is the ICAO ID for the taxiway mentioned in the Airport Map Display?
TASSO
Fill in the blank: The Airport Map is integrated with the _______.
[Navigation Display (ND)]
True or False: The Airport Map Display shows construction areas.
True
What is the significance of the color coding used on the VSD?
It corresponds to the GPWS terrain depiction
What does the RADIO selection on the Minimums Reference Selector do?
Selects radio altitude as the PFD minimums reference
PFD stands for Primary Flight Display.
What does the BARO selection on the Minimums Reference Selector do?
Selects barometric altitude as the PFD minimums reference
What function does the Minimums Selector (Middle) serve?
Adjusts the PFD radio or baro minimums altitude by rotating (slewing)
What happens when the Minimums Reset (MINS RST) Switch is pushed?
Resets the PFD minimums alert display and blanks the minimums display when green
What does the Flight Path Vector (FPV) Switch do when pushed?
Displays the PFD flight path vector
What does the Meters (MTRS) Switch do when pushed?
Displays PFD altitude meters indications
What does the Barometric Standard (BARO STD) Switch do when pushed?
Selects the standard barometric setting (29.92 inches Hg/1013 HPA) for the PFD barometric reference
If STD is displayed, it selects the preselected barometric setting.
What is the function of the Barometric (BARO) Selector?
Adjusts the PFD barometric reference by rotating (slewing)
What does the ND Mode Selector (Outer) do?
Moves the highlight box to the desired ND map display or map information selection.
What are the key features of the MAP mode on the ND?
- Displays a moving, track-up route depiction
- Displays FMC generated route and map information, airplane position, heading, and track
- Displays waypoints, including the active waypoint, within the selected range
- Displays VNAV path deviation
What are the characteristics of the PLAN mode on the ND?
- Displays a non-moving, true north-up, route depiction
- Allows route step-through using the CDU legs page
- Weather radar and TCAS are not displayed in PLAN mode
What function does the MENU option serve in the ND Mode Selector?
Rotate to move highlight between Map Information Selections.
What happens when the ND Mode Select Switch (Inner) is pushed?
Selects the highlighted key on the ND.
What do the map switches do?
- Displays selected detailed ND and mini-map data
- Displays can be selected simultaneously
- Second push removes the data
What information does the WXR (Weather Radar) display?
Displays weather radar information.
What does the TFC (Traffic) display show?
Displays TCAS information.
What does the TERR (Terrain) display show?
Displays terrain data
Includes GPWS Look-Ahead Terrain Alerting Display and Annunciations.
What is the function of the ND Range Selector (Outer)?
Selects the desired ND nautical mile range scale
Uses increment/decrement knob; range between 0.5nm to 1280nm.
How does the ND Range Selector adjust the range?
Rotating clockwise increases range; counter-clockwise decreases range.
What does the ND Center (CTR) Switch (Inner) do when pushed?
Displays the full compass rose for MAP mode
Subsequent pushes alternate between expanded and centered displays.
What are the functions of the MAP / PLAN keys?
Used to access MAP and PLAN modes.
What is the range of nautical miles that can be selected on the ND Range Selector?
0.5nm to 1280nm.
Fill in the blank: The ND Center (CTR) Switch alternates between expanded and _______ displays.
centered
True or False: The ND Range Selector can only increase the range.
False
What does the MAP key provide access to?
Map menu.
What happens when the ND Center (CTR) Switch is pushed multiple times?
Alternates between expanded and centered displays.
What is the purpose of the GPWS Look-Ahead Terrain Alerting Display?
Provides alerts based on terrain data.
What does the MАP Key display when selected?
A moving, track-up route depiction
Additional information includes FMC generated route and map information, airplane position, heading, track, waypoints, and VNAV path deviation.
What does the PLAN Key display when selected?
A non-moving, true north-up, route depiction
This mode allows route step-through using the CDU legs page and does not display weather radar or TCAS.
What happens when the MENU Key is selected?
Displays a drop-down menu containing map information selections
When de-selected, it removes the menu from the ND.
What is not displayed in PLAN mode?
Weather radar and TCAS
What does the MENU Key control?
Map information selections
Fill in the blank: The MАP Key displays VNAV path _______.
deviation
What information does the MАP Key show regarding waypoints?
Displays waypoints, including the active waypoint, within the selected range
True or False: The PLAN Key allows route step-through using the CDU legs page.
True
What are the four selections displayed under the MENU Key?
- VSD
- WXR
- TERR
- ARPT
- WPT
- STA
What does MAP MODE display?
VOR selections, map information selections, and associated data
MAP MODE shows information relevant to navigation and situational awareness
What information does the VOR selection display?
VOR pointer, VOR frequency or identification, and associated DME information
DME stands for Distance Measuring Equipment
What are the limitations of WXR and TERR selections?
WXR and TERR are not selectable at the same time
This applies to the display settings on the MFD
What is VSD?
Vertical Situation Display
VSD provides vertical information about the aircraft’s position relative to terrain and air traffic
What does WXR stand for?
Weather Radar
Displays weather radar information, aiding in weather-related navigation
What does TERR display?
Terrain data
Used for GPWS Look-Ahead Terrain Alerting
What information does TFC display?
Traffic information from TCAS
TCAS stands for Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
What does ARPT display?
Airports on all ranges
For ranges greater than 640 NM, it displays as a star field
What does WPT stand for?
Waypoint
Displays waypoints when the ND is in the 10, 20, or 40 NM range
What is STA used for?
Displays high and low altitude navigation aids
Shows navigation aids based on the ND range settings
Fill in the blank: Selections that are common to both MAP and PLAN modes ______ when changing between the two formats.
retain their states
This ensures consistency in displayed information
True or False: STA will display as a star field for all ranges.
False
STA displays as a star field only for ranges greater than 640 NM
What does the POS (Position) function display?
Displays IRS and GPS positions and VOR raw data radials extended from the nose of the airplane to the stations displayed on the CDU NAV RAD page
IRS stands for Inertial Reference System, and CDU stands for Control Display Unit.
What information does the DATA (Data) function provide?
Displays the entered or procedural altitude and ETAs at each waypoint, based on distance to go and groundspeed
ETAs may differ from other FMC performance predictions.
What is reserved for future development in the context of flight information?
FIR (Flight Information Regions) and AIRSP (Airspace)
These features may include advanced navigation or airspace management capabilities.
What is the function of the EXIT Key?
Removes menu from ND when selected (momentary)
ND refers to Navigation Display.
What does the AIRPLANE Map Centering function do?
Centers the map on the current latitude and longitude of the airplane when momentarily pushed
This function is available only in PLAN Mode.
What are the Map Centering Keys used for?
Used for centering the map in PLAN Mode only
This allows for better navigation and situational awareness.
What is the purpose of the CURSOR control?
Enables selection and manipulation of waypoints on the navigation display
This aids in route planning and adjustment.
Fill in the blank: The _______ function displays the entered or procedural altitude and ETAs at each waypoint.
DATA (Data)
True or False: The AIRSP function is currently available for use.
False
What does the CTR function do?
Centers the map on the airplane’s current position
This enhances the pilot’s awareness of the aircraft’s location.
What does the AIRPLANE key do in PLAN mode?
Centers the map on the current latitude and longitude of the airplane
The map does not continually re-center on the airplane.
What happens when the DEST key is pressed?
Places the airplane on the center of the destination airport
Displayed cyan if no destination airport is entered in the flight plan.
What is the function of the CURSOR key?
Re-centers airplane on the position where the cursor clicks when activated
The cursor changes shape when mode is active and is deactivated when other centering keys are selected.
How does the CTR ON key function?
Centers on any database item or latitude/longitude coordinate already entered in the scratch pad
Activated by a momentary push.
What does the PICK WPT key allow the pilot to do?
Graphically create a latitude/longitude point or select a visible waypoint, airport, or navigation aid
Visible only when the cursor is on the ND map area and enabled when the scratch pad is empty.
What indicates that the PICK WPT key is disabled?
The key label is displayed in cyan
This occurs when the scratch pad contains data.
What happens to the PICK WPT key label when activated?
Changes to CANCEL
This indicates that the user can cancel the action.
What are instrument source switches used for?
To manually select instrument sources if a display-related failure is not detected by automatic system monitors
Normally, the display system automatically reconfigures.
What is the purpose of the instrument source switches?
To manually select instrument sources if a display-related failure is not detected by automatic system monitors
Normally, the display system automatically reconfigures for failures without the pilot having to use these switches.
What does the ‘NORM’ position indicate on the PFD/MFD Selector?
Normal position
This is the standard operational setting for the display.
What happens when the PFD/MFD Selector is in the ‘INBD DU’ position?
The outboard DU is blanked and the inboard DU displays the PFD in reversion mode and EICAS if EICAS was displayed on this side
This is considered a non-normal position.
True or False: The display system requires the pilot to manually switch sources for all types of failures.
False
The system automatically reconfigures for most failures.
Fill in the blank: The PFD/MFD Selector has a position labeled _______.
NORM
What does EICAS stand for?
Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System
EICAS provides critical information about the aircraft’s systems status.
What is the function of the Instrument Source Select Panels?
To allow manual source selection for flight instruments in case of display failures
This is used when automatic monitoring does not detect a failure.
What are the two types of display units mentioned?
Outboard DU and Inboard DU
These units are part of the display system in the cockpit.
In the event of a failure, which display shows the PFD in reversion mode?
Inboard DU
What happens when the OUTBD DU selector is in the non-normal position?
The inboard DU is blanked and the outboard half of the outboard DU displays the PFD in reversion mode and EICAS if EICAS was displayed on this side.
What is the normal position of the Air Data / Attitude (AIR DATA/ATT) Source Selector?
AUTO
In AUTO position, what does the ADRS provide to the PFD and HUD?
Air data
What type of backup airspeed is provided in AUTO position?
Based on AOA and inertial data
What type of backup altitude is provided in AUTO position?
Based on GPS data
What does the IRS provide to the PFD and HUD in AUTO position?
Attitude data
What is automatically provided as required in terms of backup attitude data?
From the ISFD sources
What is the non-normal position of the Air Data / Attitude (AIR DATA/ATT) Source Selector?
ALTN
In ALTN position, what is displayed for air data on the on-side PFD and HUD?
Backup airspeed and altitude
In ALTN position, what is displayed for attitude on the on-side PFD and HUD?
ISFD attitude
What are the options for Heading Reference Controls?
NORM, TRUE
What does the HEADING REF switch control?
Selects the heading reference for the AFDS, FMCs, NDs, and PFDs
AFDS stands for Autopilot Flight Director System, FMC stands for Flight Management Computer, ND stands for Navigation Display, and PFD stands for Primary Flight Display.
What is the default reference when the HEADING REF switch is in NORM?
Magnetic north
In polar regions, it references true north automatically.
When does the HEADING REF switch automatically reference true north?
When operating within the polar regions for FMCs, NDs, and PFDs
Also applies to all AFDS cruise roll modes.
What happens when the AFDS roll mode is HDG SEL and the HEADING REF switch is changed from NORM to TRUE?
Activates HDG HOLD as the roll mode
HDG HOLD is a mode that maintains the aircraft’s heading.
In which roll mode does switching the HEADING REF from NORM to TRUE activate TRK HOLD?
TRK SEL
TRK HOLD is a mode that maintains the aircraft’s track.
True or False: The HEADING REF switch can only be switched manually.
False
The autopilot can automatically switch between magnetic and true references.
What is the effect of manually switching the HEADING REF switch when the AFDS roll mode is TRK SEL?
Activates TRK HOLD as the roll mode
This applies to both manual and automatic switching of the reference.
What section should be referred to for additional information on FMC Polar Operations?
Chapter 11, Section 31
This section contains further details on how to operate in polar regions.
Fill in the blank: The HEADING REF switch in TRUE mode references ______.
true north
What does the Multifunction Display (MFD) Switches do?
Selects the on-side MFD location (left or right window on each upper display unit) that is affected by pressing display switch(es).
What happens when the Upper Display Switch is pushed a second time?
The MFD format is removed and the default format is displayed.
What information does the SYS display provide?
System synoptic and maintenance information including:
* System menu
* Status messages for dispatch
* Electrical system indications
* Hydraulic system indications
* Fuel system indications
* Air system indications
* Door system indications
* Landing gear / brake indications
* Flight control indications
* EFIS / DSP backup
* Circuit breaker functions
What is the purpose of the CHKL indicator?
Checklist (Normal Checklist, Chapter 10, Section 50)
What does CDU stand for in the context of flight displays?
Control Display Unit (CDU)
What does the COMM display provide information about?
Communications (Communications Menus, Chapter 5, Section 40)
Fill in the blank: The INFO display shows _______.
airport map database effectivity dates
What does ND stand for?
Navigation Display (ND)
What does pushing the ENG Display Switch do?
Displays secondary engine information on EICAS and blanks it upon a second push
EICAS stands for Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System.
What is the function of the EICAS Transfer Switch?
Transfers EICAS format between the captain and first officer inboard display units
What does the Cancel/Recall (CANC/RCL) Switch do?
Refer to Display Select Panel (DSP) in Chapter 15, Section 10 for additional information
Where are the Multifunction Keypads (MFK) located?
On the forward aisle stand, one on each side of the lower DU
What is the purpose of the Multifunction Keypads (MFK)?
Controls cursor position and operation on the on-side inboard DU and on-side MFD on the lower DU
Fill in the blank: The ENG Display Switch displays secondary engine information on _______.
[EICAS]
True or False: There is only one Multifunction Keypad (MFK) on the forward aisle stand.
False
What is the function of the Lower Display Switches?
Pushing the switch displays the associated format; pushing it again removes the MFD format and displays the default format
What type of information does the SYS format display?
System synoptic and maintenance information including:
* System menu
* Status messages for dispatch
* Electrical system indications
* Hydraulic system indications
* Fuel system indications
* Air system indications
* Door system indications
* Landing gear / brake indications
* Flight control indications
* EFIS / DSP backup
* Maintenance functions
* Circuit breaker functions
What does the CHKL format represent?
Checklist (Normal Checklist)
What does CDU stand for in the context of flight displays?
Control Display Unit
What is the purpose of the COMM format?
Communications Menus
What information does the INFO format provide?
Displays airport map database effectivity dates
What is the ND format used for?
Navigation Display
Fill in the blank: The function of the _______ is to display electrical system indications.
Electrical Synoptic Display
True or False: The hydraulic system indications are displayed in the SYS format.
True
Which chapter covers the Landing Gear / Brake Indications?
Chapter 14, Section 10
Which section details the Air System Indications?
Chapter 2, Section 10
What does the term ‘EFIS’ refer to?
Electronic Flight Instrument System
What does DSP stand for in the context of flight displays?
Display System Processor
What type of indications are included under Flight Control Synoptic Displays?
Flight control indications
Fill in the blank: The circuit breaker functions are indicated in the _______.
Circuit Breaker Indication and Control (CBIC)
What does the Multifunction Keypad (MFK) allow a user to do?
Input characters and control displays on the MFD
MFK includes various keys for different functions.
What is the function of the Alpha/Numeric Keys on the MFK?
Input selected characters into the scratchpad
Each key corresponds to a specific character.
What does the Slash (1) key do on the MFK?
Enters ‘/’ in the scratchpad
It is a specific character input key.
What is the purpose of the Plus Minus (+/-) key on the MFK?
First push enters ‘’ in scratchpad; subsequent pushes alternate between ‘+’ and ‘_’
It allows for flexible input in the scratchpad.
What does the Space (SP) Key do when pushed?
Enters a space in the scratchpad
This key allows for spacing in text input.
What is the function of the Cursor Control Selector (Outer)?
Rotates to move the highlight in a predetermined path on the active MFD
It facilitates navigation through options.
What action does the Cursor Select Switch (Inner) perform when pushed?
Selects the highlighted key on the MFD
This key is essential for confirming selections.
What does the ENTER Key do when pushed?
Performs an associated action to the highlighted field
It is crucial for executing commands.
What happens when the Clear (CLR) Key is pushed?
Clears the last character of data in the scratchpad
It is used for correcting input mistakes.
What does pushing and holding the Clear (CLR) Key do?
Clears all scratchpad data
This allows for complete data reset.
What is the function of the Delete (DEL) Key?
Enters ‘DELETE’ in the scratchpad
It signifies a command to remove data.
What does the Cursor Control Device (CCD) contain?
The left CCN contains the left inboard display unit and the lower display unit
It is part of the overall system for display management.
What does CCD stand for in the context of flight instruments?
Cursor Control Device
The CCD is used to control the cursor position and operation on display units.
What does the left CCD control?
The left inboard display unit and the lower display unit cursor position and operation
The left CCD is responsible for managing specific display units in the cockpit.
What does the right CCD control?
The right inboard display unit and the lower display unit cursor position and operation
The right CCD functions similarly to the left CCD, managing its respective display units.
True or False: The left and right CCDs have different functions.
False
Both CCDs serve similar functions, controlling different display units.
Fill in the blank: The left CCD is shown; the right CCD is similar, except the _______ switch and the _______ switch are located on the opposite side.
EFB, LWR
EFB stands for Electronic Flight Bag and LWR stands for Lower switch.
What does CCD stand for in the context of flight instruments?
Cursor Control Device
The CCD is used to control the cursor position and operation on display units.
What does the left CCD control?
The left inboard display unit and the lower display unit cursor position and operation
The left CCD is responsible for managing specific display units in the cockpit.
What does the right CCD control?
The right inboard display unit and the lower display unit cursor position and operation
The right CCD functions similarly to the left CCD, managing its respective display units.
True or False: The left and right CCDs have different functions.
False
Both CCDs serve similar functions, controlling different display units.
Fill in the blank: The left CCD is shown; the right CCD is similar, except the _______ switch and the _______ switch are located on the opposite side.
EFB, LWR
EFB stands for Electronic Flight Bag and LWR stands for Lower switch.
What does the associated annunciator light indicate?
It indicates where the cursor appears
The associated annunciator light is linked to the Cursor Location Lights.
What is the function of the Cursor Location Switches?
Selects the display where the cursor appears and automatically deselects the previous display
Displays can include EFB, left MFD, right MFD, or lower MFD.
How does the Touch Pad function in cursor movement?
Finger movement on the touch pad moves the cursor on the selected display
Lifting the finger off the pad does not move the cursor unless it is placed back down in a different location.
What happens when tapping in the corner areas of the display?
Tapping places the cursor in the corresponding corner of the display
This effect occurs except for system (SYS) displays.
What is the purpose of the Cursor Select Switch?
Activates the area of the screen that the cursor is currently in
The area is highlighted by a magenta border to indicate it can be selected.
What functions can the Cursor Select Switch be used for?
Select menus, checklists, checklist steps, and other functions
This switch enhances interaction with the display.
What do the Display Brightness Controls adjust?
Adjust the brightness of the forward panel displays
Includes controls for OUTBD DSPL, INBD DSPL, and CONTRAST.
Fill in the blank: The Cursor Location Lights indicate where the _______ appears.
cursor
True or False: The cursor can be moved by lifting the finger off the touch pad.
False
The cursor only moves when the finger is moved on the touch pad surface.
What are the components of standby flight instruments?
The standby flight instruments include the:
- integrated standby flight display
- standby magnetic compass
These instruments provide essential information in case of primary instrument failure.
What does the Integrated Standby Flight Display (ISFD) provide?
The ISFD provides an independent source of attitude, airspeed, and altitude information.
This ensures that critical flight data is available even if main displays fail.
What does the Approach (APP) Switch do when blank?
Selects APP
This initiates the approach mode for the flight instruments.
What is indicated when the Approach Mode Annunciation is blank?
No approach deviation data displayed
This means the system is not in an active approach mode.
What does APP indicate in the Approach Mode Annunciation?
ILS/GLS localizer and glideslope deviation data displayed
This provides critical information for landing approaches.
What does BCRS stand for in the context of Approach Mode Annunciation?
Back Course
This mode reverses the sensing for the localizer pointer during back course approaches.
What does the Attitude Display indicate?
Airplane attitude and bank in reference to the bank scale
It shows the airplane’s orientation relative to the horizon.
What happens when the airplane’s pitch exceeds 30°?
Large red arrowheads (V-shaped) indicate excessive attitude
This visual cue alerts the pilot to a dangerous pitch angle.
What do the Display Brightness Switches control?
Increase or decrease display brightness
The + button increases brightness while the - button decreases it.
What does the airplane symbol on the display indicate?
Airplane position with reference to the horizon
It helps pilots understand their aircraft’s orientation.
What percentage is indicated by the airplane symbol’s ‘I’?
64%
This may refer to a specific parameter related to the airplane’s performance or position.
What does the Integrated Standby Flight Display (ISFD) provide?
Standby flight information
It serves as a backup display for critical flight data.
What is indicated when airspeed is above 30 knots?
Airspeed indications
What does the Attitude Reset (ATT RST) Switch do?
Aligns horizon with the airplane symbol and starts a new initialization sequence if previous attempt failed
Requires a push and hold of at least two seconds and takes approximately ten seconds to reset
What happens when the Hectopascal/Inch (HP/IN) Switch is pushed?
Changes units of barometric reference
What does the barometric setting indicate?
The barometric setting selected with the barometric selector
What is displayed when STD is selected with the barometric selector?
STD is displayed
What does the Ambient Light Sensor do?
Automatically adjusts display intensity for ambient lighting condition
What does the glideslope pointer indicate?
Glideslope position relative to the airplane
The pointer is in view when the glideslope signal is received
When is the glideslope scale in view?
When the APP mode is selected
What occurs when the B/CRS mode is selected?
The glideslope pointer and scale are removed
What does the Localizer Pointer and Deviation Scale indicate?
Current altitude
What does the localizer pointer indicate?
Localizer position relative to the airplane.
The pointer is in view when the localizer signal is received.
When is the localizer scale in view?
When either the APP or B/CRS mode is selected.
APP refers to approach mode, and B/CRS refers to bearing/course mode.
What function does the Barometric Selector (BARO) serve when rotated?
Changes barometric setting.
This allows pilots to adjust the altimeter setting for accurate altitude readings.
What happens when the Barometric Selector (BARO) is pushed?
Selects standard barometric setting (29.92 inches Hg/1013 HPA).
This is important for standardizing altitude readings across different aircraft.
What does the display show when ‘STD’ is displayed on the Barometric Selector?
Selects the preselected barometric setting.
This allows for easy switching between standard and specific altimeter settings.
What does the heading indication display show?
Airplane heading.
This is crucial for navigation and maintaining the desired flight path.
What does the TRU heading source indicate?
True heading.
True heading is based on geographic north, not magnetic north.
What does a blank heading source indicate?
Magnetic heading.
Magnetic heading is based on the Earth’s magnetic field.
What does ‘WAIT ATT’ signify in ISFD messages?
Indicates that the system is waiting for attitude information.
ISFD stands for Integrated Standby Flight Display.
What does the ATT:RST message indicate?
Attitude must be reset using the attitude reset switch
This message is displayed in amber color.
What does the ATT 10s message signify?
10 second attitude realignment in progress
This message is also displayed in amber color.
What does the WAIT ATT message indicate?
Temporary self correcting loss of attitude
This message is displayed in amber color.
What does the INIT 90s message represent?
Countdown of 90 second initialization
This countdown stops if excessive motion is detected and resumes when motion stops.
What happens if initialization is not complete within six minutes?
ATT:RST displays
This indicates a failure in completing the initialization process.
What does the OUT OF ORDER flag indicate?
Instrument system failure
This failure flag replaces the appropriate display.
What are the components displayed in standby flight instruments?
- Airspeed
- Glideslope
- Altitude
- Attitude
- Localizer
These instruments provide essential flight data.
Fill in the blank: The _______ message indicates that attitude must be reset using the attitude reset switch.
[ATT:RST]
This message is displayed in amber color.
True or False: The WAIT ATT message indicates that the attitude is permanently lost.
False
The WAIT ATT message indicates a temporary self-correcting loss of attitude.
What does the message INIT 90s do when excessive motion is detected?
Countdown stops
The countdown resumes when motion stops.
What does the CLOCK switch do?
Push - subsequent pushing starts, stops, removes the chronograph from display.
The CLOCK switch allows for the management of the chronograph function.
What type of time does the UTC Time display show?
Current UTC time (hours, minutes, seconds) using GPS inputs.
This feature relies on GPS for accurate timekeeping.
What information does the Date display indicate?
Current date (day, month, year) using GPS inputs.
The date is also sourced from GPS data.
What does the Elapsed Time display show?
Elapsed flight time (hours, minutes, seconds).
This helps pilots track the duration of the flight.
Describe the automatic start-stop logic for the timer.
- On power up, timer is set to 00:00
- Timer begins at weight off wheels
- Timer stops at weight on wheels plus 30 seconds
- Timer resets to 00:00 when on ground and V-speeds are entered into CDU
This logic ensures accurate timing related to flight phases.
What are the two display methods for elapsed time in the chronograph function?
- Analog dial with sweep second hand
- Digital readout
Both methods present elapsed time since the chronograph was started.
What does the EFIS Control Panels and Display Select Panel (DSP) provide?
An alternate way to control the functions of the EFIS control panel and/or the display select panel.
This feature enhances user interface options for pilots.
How are DSP controls available in relation to EFIS controls?
DSP controls are available full time; backup EFIS controls must be enabled prior to activation.
This distinction is important for operational readiness.
What does the CLOCK switch do?
Push - subsequent pushing starts, stops, removes the chronograph from display.
The CLOCK switch allows for the management of the chronograph function.
What type of time does the UTC Time display show?
Current UTC time (hours, minutes, seconds) using GPS inputs.
This feature relies on GPS for accurate timekeeping.
What information does the Date display indicate?
Current date (day, month, year) using GPS inputs.
The date is also sourced from GPS data.
What does the Elapsed Time display show?
Elapsed flight time (hours, minutes, seconds).
This helps pilots track the duration of the flight.
Describe the automatic start-stop logic for the timer.
- On power up, timer is set to 00:00
- Timer begins at weight off wheels
- Timer stops at weight on wheels plus 30 seconds
- Timer resets to 00:00 when on ground and V-speeds are entered into CDU
This logic ensures accurate timing related to flight phases.
What are the two display methods for elapsed time in the chronograph function?
- Analog dial with sweep second hand
- Digital readout
Both methods present elapsed time since the chronograph was started.
What does the EFIS Control Panels and Display Select Panel (DSP) provide?
An alternate way to control the functions of the EFIS control panel and/or the display select panel.
This feature enhances user interface options for pilots.
How are DSP controls available in relation to EFIS controls?
DSP controls are available full time; backup EFIS controls must be enabled prior to activation.
This distinction is important for operational readiness.
What does EFIS stand for?
Electronic Flight Instrument System
EFIS is a key component in modern aircraft cockpits, providing pilots with critical flight information.
What is the purpose of the Display Select Panel (DSP)?
To control the display settings and select various information for the Multi-Function Display (MFD)
The DSP allows pilots to customize the information shown on the MFD.
What does MFD stand for?
Multi-Function Display
MFDs are used to present multiple types of information to the pilot in a consolidated format.
True or False: The control call outs on the EFIS control panels correspond to the control names on the DSP.
True
This ensures consistency in terminology and function across the systems.
Fill in the blank: The _______ allows for alternate control of the systems on the MFD.
Systems MFD Alternate Control
This feature provides backup functionality in case the primary controls fail.
What is the function of the BAROSET control?
To set the barometric pressure for altitude reference
Correct barometric settings are crucial for accurate altitude readings.
What does the term ‘STAT’ refer to in the context of the flight instruments?
Status information display
This display provides real-time operational status of various aircraft systems.
What does the ‘ND RANGE’ control adjust?
The range of the navigation display
Adjusting the ND RANGE allows pilots to zoom in or out on the navigation information.
What information can be accessed through the MAINT INFO control?
Maintenance information regarding aircraft systems
This information is vital for ensuring the aircraft is in a safe operating condition.
What does the ‘FT’ control indicate?
Feet, a unit of measurement for altitude
Pilots use this measurement for vertical navigation.
What is indicated by the ‘CAPT’ label on the controls?
Captain’s controls and displays
These are specifically for the pilot in command.
What does the ‘FO’ label signify?
First Officer’s controls and displays
These are specifically for the co-pilot or first officer.
True or False: The EFIS control panels are not related to the functions of the CDU.
False
The CDU functions are aligned with the control panels to provide a cohesive control system.
Fill in the blank: The _______ control provides backup functionality for the EFIS.
EFIS CTRL BACKUP
This ensures continued operation in case of primary control failure.
What does the ‘WXR’ control represent?
Weather radar information
This is crucial for situational awareness regarding weather conditions.
What does ‘HPA’ stand for in the context of barometric settings?
Hectopascal
Hectopascal is a unit of pressure often used in aviation.
What does the EFIS Control Panels and Display Select Panel (DSP) manage?
Controls and indicators for the EFIS and DSP systems.
What does the Backup EFIS/DSP Select Key display?
Backup EFIS/DSP control keys.
What is the purpose of the CAPT/FO Keys?
Allows manual reconfiguration to control off-side EFIS/DSP control panels.
What happens when the EFIS CTRL BACKUP Key is pushed?
Enables EFIS backup controls.
What must occur for Backup EFIS Controls to be functional?
They need to be enabled before functional.
When Backup EFIS Controls are enabled, what are they initially configured to control?
On-side EFIS control panel.
What do Backup EFIS Controls do when enabled?
Override functional EFIS control panel.
Do DSP Controls need to be enabled for backup controls to be functional?
No, they do not need to be enabled.
What happens to DSP if it is still functional?
Backup controls do not override DSP.
What is the primary function of the Head-Up Display (HUD)?
Displays symbology similar to the PFD.
Where can detailed descriptions of HUD symbology be found?
Section 10 of the chapter.
What is the Full Symbology Mode in relation to HUD?
It displays symbology consistent with PFD symbology.
What does HUD stand for in aviation?
Head-Up Display
The HUD provides critical flight information without requiring the pilot to look down at instruments.
What information does the Airspeed/Mach Indication provide?
Current airspeed and Mach number
This is crucial for maintaining flight performance and safety.
What does the Attitude, Steering, and Miscellaneous Indications display?
Flight attitude, steering commands, and additional relevant information
This helps pilots maintain proper control of the aircraft.
What does the Autopilot, Flight Director System Status indicate?
The operational status of the autopilot and flight director system
This is essential for understanding flight automation levels.
What information does Vertical Speed Indication provide?
Rate of climb or descent
This helps pilots manage altitude changes effectively.
What does the Compass Rose display?
Current IRS heading, track, and related information
The compass rose is not displayed during ground operations.
When is the decluttered symbology mode not available?
During takeoff or go-around when TO/GA is the active pitch mode
This ensures critical information is available during critical phases of flight.
Fill in the blank: The acronym LNAV stands for _______.
Lateral Navigation
LNAV is used for managing lateral flight path.
Fill in the blank: The acronym VNAV stands for _______.
Vertical Navigation
VNAV is used for managing vertical flight path.
What does the SPD indication refer to?
Speed indication
This is vital for maintaining appropriate airspeed.
What altitude does the example display indicate?
31000 feet
This altitude is common for cruising in commercial aviation.
What does the A/P indication represent?
Autopilot status
This indicates whether the autopilot is engaged or not.
True or False: The compass rose is displayed during ground operations.
False
The compass rose is specifically noted to be absent during ground operations.
What does the Head-Up Display (HUD) indicate?
Current ADRS airspeed
The HUD displays various speed indications crucial for pilot awareness.
What happens to the current airspeed indication when it is below minimum manoeuvring speed?
The box around the current airspeed indication flashes
This visual alert helps pilots recognize critical speed thresholds.
What does the HUD display when the Mach number is 0.40 or greater?
Current groundspeed or Mach
The HUD transitions between displaying groundspeed and Mach number based on speed.
How long is the new display highlighted when transitioning between groundspeed and Mach number?
10 seconds
This highlighting aids in pilot transition between different speed metrics.
What indicates the maximum manoeuvring speed on the HUD?
Bottom of the bar
This indication is crucial for maintaining safe operational parameters during flight.
What is the significance of the maximum manoeuvring speed?
Provides 1.3 g manoeuvre capability to high speed buffet
This is essential for flight safety and performance.
At what bank angle does the 1.3 g manoeuvre capability occur in level flight?
40°
This detail is important for understanding aircraft performance limits.
What does the Selected Speed Bug represent on the HUD?
A reference for selected airspeed
The speed bug helps pilots manage and maintain desired airspeeds.
Fill in the blank: The HUD displays the current airspeed, groundspeed, and _______.
Mach number
This is part of the critical data presented to pilots for decision making.
True or False: The maximum manoeuvring speed is displayed only at low altitudes.
False
It may be displayed at high altitude with relatively high gross weights.
What does HUD stand for?
Head-Up Display
HUD provides critical flight information to the pilot without requiring them to look down at instruments.
What are Takeoff Reference Speeds used for?
To determine the appropriate airspeeds for takeoff
These speeds ensure safe and efficient aircraft operation during takeoff.
What is the VNAV Speed Band?
A range of speeds for vertical navigation
VNAV helps pilots maintain optimal climb and descent profiles.
What does the top of the bar in the HUD indicate?
Minimum manoeuvring speed
This speed allows for safe aircraft maneuverability.
What is the minimum manoeuvring speed below 20,000 ft?
1.3 g manoeuvre capability to stick shaker
This ensures the aircraft can safely maneuver without stalling.
What is the minimum manoeuvring speed above approximately 20,000 ft?
1.3 g manoeuvre capability to low speed buffet or alternative approved manoeuvre capability
Maintenance can preset this capability for operational safety.
When is the minimum speed displayed in relation to flap retraction after takeoff?
Displayed with first flap retraction after takeoff
This timing helps pilots manage speed during the critical phase of flight.
What does the term ‘VREF Speed’ refer to?
Landing flap and reference speed
VREF is crucial for ensuring safe landing approaches.
What attitude indications are provided by the HUD?
FLT DIR, ITN, HOS
These indications help pilots understand the aircraft’s orientation and flight path.
What bank angle is associated with the 1.3 g manoeuvre capability?
40° of bank in level flight
This bank angle ensures effective maneuvering at the specified speed.
What does the Bank Pointer indicate?
Indicates bank in reference to the bank scale
Fills if bank angle is 35° or more.
What do Slip/Skid Indications display?
Displaces to indicate slip or skid
Fills at full scale deflection.
When does the indicator below the flight path vector symbol appear?
During takeoff or low altitude go-around
This indicator is specifically noted in the context provided.
What is the purpose of the Bank Scale?
Fixed reference for the bank pointer
Scale marks are at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°.
What additional scale marks are added to the Bank Scale?
Enhanced scale marks at 45° and 60°
These are added if the airplane bank is within 10° of those bank angles.
What does the Angle of Attack Limit represent?
Referenced to the flight path vector symbol
The distance between the AOA limit symbol and the flight path vector symbol represents the margin available to stick shaker.
When is the Angle of Attack Limit displayed?
Displayed during the following conditions:
* angle-of-attack is within 5° of stick shaker
* whenever stick shaker is active
* whenever windshear guidance cue is displayed
What does the Bank Pointer indicate?
Indicates bank in reference to the bank scale
Fills if bank angle is 35° or more.
What do Slip/Skid Indications display?
Displaces to indicate slip or skid
Fills at full scale deflection.
When does the indicator below the flight path vector symbol appear?
During takeoff or low altitude go-around
This indicator is specifically noted in the context provided.
What is the purpose of the Bank Scale?
Fixed reference for the bank pointer
Scale marks are at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°.
What additional scale marks are added to the Bank Scale?
Enhanced scale marks at 45° and 60°
These are added if the airplane bank is within 10° of those bank angles.
What does the Angle of Attack Limit represent?
Referenced to the flight path vector symbol
The distance between the AOA limit symbol and the flight path vector symbol represents the margin available to stick shaker.
When is the Angle of Attack Limit displayed?
Displayed during the following conditions:
* angle-of-attack is within 5° of stick shaker
* whenever stick shaker is active
* whenever windshear guidance cue is displayed
What does the Head-Up Display (HUD) attitude indication fill at?
Full scale deflection
This indicates the maximum extent of the display for attitude indications.
When does the indicator below the flight path vector symbol appear?
During takeoff or low altitude go-around
This is a specific operational context for the HUD display.
What is the purpose of the bank scale in the HUD?
Fixed reference for the bank pointer
The scale assists pilots in understanding the aircraft’s bank angle.
What are the scale marks on the bank scale?
0°, 10°, 20°, 30°
Enhanced marks at 45° and 60° appear when the bank is within 10° of these angles.
What does the angle of attack limit symbol reference?
Flight path vector symbol
This symbol indicates the safety margin before stick shaker activation.
Under what conditions is the angle of attack limit displayed?
• Angle-of-attack is within 5° of stick shaker
• Whenever stick shaker is active
• Whenever windshear guidance cue is displayed
These conditions help in maintaining safe flight operations.
What does the horizon line and pitch scale indicate?
IRS horizon and degrees of pitch
The pitch scale displays increments of 5°.
What additional information is referenced for HUD steering indications?
• TCAS HUD Vertical Guidance, Chapter 15, Section 10
• Alerts Displayed on the HUD, Chapter 15, Section 10
These sections provide further details on HUD functionalities.
What does the HUD Steering Indication represent?
Indicates flight director pitch and roll steering commands
Refer to Autopilot Flight Director Roll and Pitch Controls in Chapter 4, Section 10 for additional information.
What does the Flight Path Vector Symbol (FPV) display during flight?
Displays current flight path angle and drift angle
Flight path angle is depicted by the flight path vector symbol position on the pitch scale. Drift angle is represented by the perpendicular distance from the line drawn through the center of the pitch scale to the center of the flight path vector symbol.
How is the drift angle represented in the FPV?
By the perpendicular distance from the line drawn through the center of the pitch scale to the center of the flight path vector symbol
When does the FPV show as dashed lines?
When limited laterally by other symbology or the display field-of-view
What does the Horizon Line Heading Scale display?
Displays current heading
How are the tie marks and labels arranged on the Horizon Line Heading Scale?
Tie marks every 5° and labels every 10° representing the heading value
Where is the current heading located on the Horizon Line?
At a point on the horizon line where a line drawn perpendicular to the horizon line goes through the center of the airplane symbol
Fill in the blank: The HUD displays the current heading with tie marks every ______.
5°
True or False: The Flight Path Vector Symbol shows solid lines at all times.
False
What does the HUD Steering Indication represent?
Indicates flight director pitch and roll steering commands
Refer to Autopilot Flight Director Roll and Pitch Controls in Chapter 4, Section 10 for additional information.
What does the Flight Path Vector Symbol (FPV) display during flight?
Displays current flight path angle and drift angle
Flight path angle is depicted by the flight path vector symbol position on the pitch scale. Drift angle is represented by the perpendicular distance from the line drawn through the center of the pitch scale to the center of the flight path vector symbol.
How is the drift angle represented in the FPV?
By the perpendicular distance from the line drawn through the center of the pitch scale to the center of the flight path vector symbol
When does the FPV show as dashed lines?
When limited laterally by other symbology or the display field-of-view
What does the Horizon Line Heading Scale display?
Displays current heading
How are the tie marks and labels arranged on the Horizon Line Heading Scale?
Tie marks every 5° and labels every 10° representing the heading value
Where is the current heading located on the Horizon Line?
At a point on the horizon line where a line drawn perpendicular to the horizon line goes through the center of the airplane symbol
Fill in the blank: The HUD displays the current heading with tie marks every ______.
5°
True or False: The Flight Path Vector Symbol shows solid lines at all times.
False
What does the HUD Radio Altitude indication maintain?
A set distance directly below the flight path vector symbol
The radio altitude is displayed below 2,500 feet AGL.
At what altitude is the HUD Radio Altitude indication boxed for 10 seconds?
When descending through 2,500 feet AGL
This indicates a critical transition in altitude.
When is the HUD Radio Altitude boxed and blinking?
When descending below radio altitude minimums
The box blinks for 2 seconds, then becomes steady.
What is the primary purpose of HUD Navigation Performance Indications?
To show differences between the HUD and PFD
Additional information can be found in Chapter 10, Section 10 regarding NPS and IAN.
What are the components displayed in HUD Navigation Performance Indications? (List at least three)
- SPD
- LNAV
- LOC
- A/P
- V
- VNAV PTH
- G/P
These components indicate various navigation performance metrics.
Fill in the blank: The HUD displays radio altitude below _______ feet AGL.
2,500
True or False: The HUD Radio Altitude indication is steady when descending below radio altitude minimums.
True
After blinking for 2 seconds, it becomes steady.
What is the significance of the flight path vector symbol in relation to HUD Radio Altitude?
It serves as the reference point for the radio altitude indication
The HUD references the flight path vector for altitude data.
What does the HUD Radio Altitude indication maintain?
A set distance directly below the flight path vector symbol
The radio altitude is displayed below 2,500 feet AGL.
At what altitude is the HUD Radio Altitude indication boxed for 10 seconds?
When descending through 2,500 feet AGL
This indicates a critical transition in altitude.
When is the HUD Radio Altitude boxed and blinking?
When descending below radio altitude minimums
The box blinks for 2 seconds, then becomes steady.
What is the primary purpose of HUD Navigation Performance Indications?
To show differences between the HUD and PFD
Additional information can be found in Chapter 10, Section 10 regarding NPS and IAN.
What are the components displayed in HUD Navigation Performance Indications? (List at least three)
- SPD
- LNAV
- LOC
- A/P
- V
- VNAV PTH
- G/P
These components indicate various navigation performance metrics.
Fill in the blank: The HUD displays radio altitude below _______ feet AGL.
2,500
True or False: The HUD Radio Altitude indication is steady when descending below radio altitude minimums.
True
After blinking for 2 seconds, it becomes steady.
What is the significance of the flight path vector symbol in relation to HUD Radio Altitude?
It serves as the reference point for the radio altitude indication
The HUD references the flight path vector for altitude data.
What does the Approach Deviation Pointer indicate when the LOC or G/S is not captured?
Unfilled diamond
Represents the selected approach path relative to the airplane position
What does a filled triangle in the Approach Deviation Pointer signify?
FAC or G/P is captured (active FMA)
Indicates that the flight management system is actively tracking the approach path
What does the NPS Deviation Pointer indicate when the airplane is parked at deflection limit?
Unfilled symbol
Shows that the airplane is at the maximum allowable deflection limit
When is the NPS Deviation Pointer displayed on the vertical deviation scale?
Only in descent phase of flight
Indicates that the pointer is relevant during the descent
What happens to the NPS Deviation Pointer if it migrates into the bar area for five seconds?
Flashes for ten seconds
Alerts the crew to a potential deviation from the path
What do the outer tic marks on the Deviation Scale represent?
RNP
Indicates the required navigation performance for the flight
What does the center tic mark on the Deviation Scale represent?
Airplane position
Shows where the airplane is relative to the RNP
What do the bars on the vertical scale display?
Only during FMC descent phase of flight
Indicates the available navigation performance during descent
If ANP equals or exceeds RNP, what does this indicate?
Potential navigation performance issue
Indicates that the airplane may not meet required navigation performance criteria
What does a filled diamond in the Approach Deviation Pointer indicate?
LOC or G/S is captured (active FMA)
Signifies that the aircraft is actively following the approach path
What do the bars on the deviation scale represent?
ANP
Shows the actual navigation performance of the aircraft
What percentage of 4G is indicated?
78%
What does QRH stand for in aviation?
Quick Reference Handbook
What does FCOM stand for?
Flight Crew Operating Manual
What are the components of the B787 documentation mentioned?
- B787 QRH
- B787 FCOM
- B787 Weight and Balance Documents
What does HUD stand for?
Head-Up Display
What do the outer tic marks on the lateral and vertical scales of the HUD represent?
RNP (Required Navigation Performance)
What does the center tic mark represent in the HUD Navigation Performance Indications?
Airplane position
What do the bars on the lateral scale represent?
ANP (Actual Navigation Performance)
What indicates the margin available to remain within RNP criteria?
The area between the bars
When do the bars on the vertical scale display?
During FMC descent phase of flight
What happens if ANP equals or exceeds RNP?
- Solid bars meet in the middle
- After five seconds, bars become hollow and blink for three seconds
- NAV UNABLE RNP EICAS message is displayed
What indicates that RNP operations can no longer be maintained?
Bars and indices blink for three seconds
What occurs if the pointer migrates into the bar area for five seconds?
- Bars become hollow and blink for 3 seconds
- Indices blink for 3 seconds
- Pointer blinks for 10 seconds
What is displayed when the pointer blinks for ten seconds?
It then becomes steady
The HUD Instrument Landing System Indications are intended to show differences between which two systems?
HUD and PFD (Primary Flight Display)
What does the term ‘G/S’ refer to in the context of HUD indications?
Glide Slope
Fill in the blank: The HUD indicates _____ during the Instrument Landing System.
SPD, LOC, ROLLOUT, G/S, FLARE
What does the Head-Up Display (HUD) in the B787 show during an approach?
Displays the selected ILS/GLS identifier or frequency, approach front course, and ILS/GLS DME distance, and source annunciation
The HUD provides critical information for pilots during instrument approaches.
What indicates a disagreement in the tuned ILS/GLS frequencies on the HUD?
The frequency displayed has a horizontal line through it
This visual cue helps pilots identify potential navigation issues.
What does a filled diamond pointer indicate on the localizer scale?
Within 2 1/2 dots from the center
This indicates that the aircraft is close to being on course for the localizer.
Under what conditions does the localizer pointer flash at low radio altitudes?
When the autopilot is engaged or flight director is on and there is excessive localizer deviation
This alert aids pilots in correcting their approach to capture the localizer.
What happens to the glideslope pointer when the glideslope signal is received?
It appears as an unfilled diamond
This indicates that the aircraft is receiving the necessary signals for vertical guidance.
What does a filled diamond on the glideslope scale signify?
Within 2 1/2 dots from the scale center
This shows that the aircraft is approaching the correct vertical flight path.
What remains in view after the frequency is tuned if NPS are not shown?
The scale for localizer and glideslope indications
This helps ensure that pilots have continuous visual reference to their navigation systems.
True or False: The localizer pointer remains in view only until localizer capture.
False
The pointer remains in view with LNAV or VNAV active or armed until localizer capture.
Fill in the blank: The pointer indicates the glideslope position relative to the airplane and is an _______ when it appears.
unfilled diamond
This is a standard indication for the glideslope in the HUD.
What visual indication occurs if the localizer is not captured at low altitudes with LNAV active?
The pointer flashes
This alert is crucial for maintaining proper navigation during critical phases of flight.
What does the Head-Up Display (HUD) in the B787 show during an approach?
Displays the selected ILS/GLS identifier or frequency, approach front course, and ILS/GLS DME distance, and source annunciation
The HUD provides critical information for pilots during instrument approaches.
What indicates a disagreement in the tuned ILS/GLS frequencies on the HUD?
The frequency displayed has a horizontal line through it
This visual cue helps pilots identify potential navigation issues.
What does a filled diamond pointer indicate on the localizer scale?
Within 2 1/2 dots from the center
This indicates that the aircraft is close to being on course for the localizer.
Under what conditions does the localizer pointer flash at low radio altitudes?
When the autopilot is engaged or flight director is on and there is excessive localizer deviation
This alert aids pilots in correcting their approach to capture the localizer.
What happens to the glideslope pointer when the glideslope signal is received?
It appears as an unfilled diamond
This indicates that the aircraft is receiving the necessary signals for vertical guidance.
What does a filled diamond on the glideslope scale signify?
Within 2 1/2 dots from the scale center
This shows that the aircraft is approaching the correct vertical flight path.
What remains in view after the frequency is tuned if NPS are not shown?
The scale for localizer and glideslope indications
This helps ensure that pilots have continuous visual reference to their navigation systems.
True or False: The localizer pointer remains in view only until localizer capture.
False
The pointer remains in view with LNAV or VNAV active or armed until localizer capture.
Fill in the blank: The pointer indicates the glideslope position relative to the airplane and is an _______ when it appears.
unfilled diamond
This is a standard indication for the glideslope in the HUD.
What visual indication occurs if the localizer is not captured at low altitudes with LNAV active?
The pointer flashes
This alert is crucial for maintaining proper navigation during critical phases of flight.
What does the pointer indicate at low radio altitudes with the autopilot engaged or flight director on?
Flashes to indicate excessive glideslope deviation
This is a critical safety feature in the Head-Up Display (HUD) system.
What does the Expanded Localizer Scale display when the autopilot or flight director is in LOC mode?
A more sensitive display when close to the runway center line
This feature aids in precise navigation during approach.
What does a rectangle equal in the Expanded Localizer indications?
1/2 dot deviation
This measurement helps pilots gauge their lateral position relative to the runway centerline.
During which operations do expanded localizer indications also display?
HUD takeoff operations
This assists pilots during the critical phase of takeoff.
What is the purpose of the HUD Instrument Landing System?
To provide visual guidance during landing
This system enhances situational awareness and precision for pilots.
Fill in the blank: The B787 FCOM is part of the _____ documents.
Weight and Balance
This documentation is essential for safe aircraft operation.
What does the pointer indicate at low radio altitudes with the autopilot engaged or flight director on?
Flashes to indicate excessive glideslope deviation
This is a critical safety feature in the Head-Up Display (HUD) system.
What does the Expanded Localizer Scale display when the autopilot or flight director is in LOC mode?
A more sensitive display when close to the runway center line
This feature aids in precise navigation during approach.
What does a rectangle equal in the Expanded Localizer indications?
1/2 dot deviation
This measurement helps pilots gauge their lateral position relative to the runway centerline.
During which operations do expanded localizer indications also display?
HUD takeoff operations
This assists pilots during the critical phase of takeoff.
What is the purpose of the HUD Instrument Landing System?
To provide visual guidance during landing
This system enhances situational awareness and precision for pilots.
Fill in the blank: The B787 FCOM is part of the _____ documents.
Weight and Balance
This documentation is essential for safe aircraft operation.
What is the B787 QRH?
B787 Quick Reference Handbook
A manual providing essential information for pilots to reference during flight operations.
What does FCOM stand for in the context of the B787?
Flight Crew Operating Manual
A comprehensive guide outlining the operation of the aircraft for flight crew.
What is indicated by the HUD Altitude Indica in the Head-Up Display System?
Selected Altitude
Displays the altitude set in the MCP altitude window.
What happens to the selected altitude display prior to reaching the selected altitude?
The selected altitude is boxed between 900 feet and 200 feet prior to reaching the selected altitude
This visual cue helps pilots track their approach to the set altitude.
What does the Current Altitude display indicate?
Current ADRS altitude
Shows the aircraft’s current altitude as measured by the Air Data Reference System.
What occurs when the current altitude deviates beyond 200 feet from the selected altitude?
Boxed outline around current altitude flashes
This alerts the crew to the significant deviation from the selected altitude.
When does the alerting terminate regarding altitude deviation?
If deviation continues beyond 900 feet from selected altitude
The system stops alerting when the deviation becomes extreme.
What are the HUD Landing Altitude/Minimums Indications?
5000, 2400, 2200, 1800
These values represent the minimum altitude indications for safe landing.
Fill in the blank: The B787 Weight and Balance Documents provide essential information regarding _______.
weight distribution and balance of the aircraft
Critical for ensuring the aircraft is within safe operational limits.
What does the hollow bar on the Head-Up Display (HUD) indicate?
Height above touchdown between 500 to 1000 feet
The hollow bar represents the altitude range above the landing altitude.
What does the filled bar on the HUD indicate?
Height above touchdown between 0 to 500 feet
The filled bar indicates the altitude range closer to the landing altitude.
What is represented by the triangular bug and line on the altitude scale?
BARO minimums displayed
This visual cue indicates when the aircraft descends below the barometric minimums.
How long does the BARO minimums pointer flash when below minimums?
Flashes for 3 seconds, then steady
This alerts the crew that the aircraft has descended below the set barometric minimums.
What does the EFIS control panel MINS reference selector set to BARO display?
Displays BARO minimums altitude in feet MSL
MSL stands for Mean Sea Level.
What does the EFIS control panel MINS reference selector set to RADIO display?
Displays RADIO minimums altitude in feet AGL
AGL stands for Above Ground Level.
What happens when the airplane descends below the selected minimum altitude?
Flashes for 3 seconds, then steady
This indicates to the crew that the aircraft is below the minimum altitude set for the approach.
What are BARO minimums expressed in?
Feet MSL
Mean Sea Level is used as a reference for barometric altitudes.
What are RADIO minimums expressed in?
Radio altitude feet AGL
This is based on the aircraft’s height above the ground.
What does the barometric setting indicate on the EFIS control panel?
The barometric setting selected on the EFIS control panel barometric selector.
What does ‘STD’ indicate on the EFIS control panel?
‘STD’ is displayed when STD is selected on the EFIS control panel barometric STD switch.
When is the display boxed regarding barometric settings?
If a barometric setting is set and altitude climbs above the transition altitude, or if STD is set and altitude descends below the transition flight level.
What does QFE indicate on the CDU APPROACH REF page?
Indicates QFE altitude reference selected.
How long is QFE boxed when selected?
QFE is boxed for 10 seconds when selected.
What happens when QNH is selected on the CDU?
QNH is displayed for 10 seconds, then blanks.
What does ‘L’ or ‘R’ indicate in the Autopilot/Flight Director Barometric Source?
‘L’ or ‘R’ indicates that the left or right EFIS control panel is the barometric setting reference.
When is the barometric source displayed on the HUD?
Displayed when a flight director switch is in the ON position or the autopilot is engaged.
What does F/D indicate when one is turned on and one is not?
Determines ‘L’ or ‘R’.
What is indicated when both flight directors are on?
‘L’ is displayed.
How is the barometric setting determined when the autopilot is engaged?
The first one pushed on determines ‘L’ or ‘R’.
What are the two types of barometric settings mentioned?
- QFE
- QNH
Fill in the blank: The selected track bug and selected heading bug are not displayed at the same time. _______
[key learning term]
What does the Head-Up Display (HUD) indicate?
The current track and drift angle.
The HUD provides critical flight information directly in the pilot’s line of sight.
What is displayed when HDG (heading) is selected on the HUD?
SEL HDG.
This indicates the selected heading reference on the HUD.
What is displayed when TRK (track) is selected on the HUD?
SEL TRK.
This indicates the selected track reference on the HUD.
What happens if the selected heading/track exceeds the display range?
The bug parks on the side of the compass rose and horizon line heading scale.
The direction of the bug indicates the shorter turn to the selected heading.
How is the selected heading/track represented when it cannot be displayed?
The symbol’s outline is depicted with dashed lines.
This indicates that the selected heading/track can no longer be displayed on the HUD.
What does the digital display on the HUD show?
The current heading and the selected heading or track bug.
The digital heading corresponds to the heading on the horizon reference line.
What are the two types of heading/track references displayed?
- MAG (magnetic north)
- TRU (true north)
These references can be automatically or manually selected.
What does HUD stand for in aviation?
Head-Up Display
The HUD provides critical flight information directly in the pilot’s line of sight.
What does the TO/GA Reference Line indicate?
It indicates the flight director TO/GA mode is active
TO/GA stands for Takeoff/Go-Around.
Under what conditions is the TO/GA Reference Line displayed on the ground?
When flight director TO/GA mode is active and groundspeed is greater than 65 knots
This ensures that the indication is relevant for takeoff scenarios.
When is the TO/GA Reference Line displayed in the air?
When flight director TO/GA mode is active
This helps pilots maintain situational awareness during critical phases of flight.
What type of information does the HUD display that is unique compared to the PFD?
HUD-Unique Indications and Symbology
These indications provide specific guidance and information relevant to the HUD’s operational context.
Fill in the blank: The HUD does have some unique indications not found on the _______.
PFD
PFD stands for Primary Flight Display.
What is the significance of Ground Deviation Indications on the HUD during takeoff?
They provide critical information for maintaining the correct flight path
This is essential for safe takeoff and initial climb.
What does HUD stand for?
Head-Up Display
HUD provides critical flight information while allowing the pilot to maintain situational awareness.
What is the purpose of the Ground Deviation Indications on the HUD during takeoff?
To display the aircraft’s position relative to the intended flight path
This helps pilots ensure they are on the correct takeoff trajectory.
What does the On Course Line indicate?
The aircraft is following the planned flight path
It is important for maintaining proper navigation during flight.
What is indicated by the Right of Course Line on the HUD?
The aircraft is deviating to the right of the intended flight path
This prompts the pilot to adjust course to return to the planned route.
What does the Flight Director Guidance Cue provide?
Guidance for the pilot to follow the desired flight path
This cue assists in manual flying and enhances situational awareness.
What information is displayed by the Ground Roll Reference Symbol?
The aircraft’s current ground roll status during takeoff
This helps pilots monitor their speed and trajectory on the runway.
Fill in the blank: The B787 FCOM is a _______.
[Flight Crew Operations Manual]
The FCOM contains essential operational procedures and guidelines for pilots.
True or False: The HUD provides unique indications and symbology relevant to flight operations.
True
These indications are critical for safe and efficient flight management.
What does VNAV stand for in aviation terminology?
[Vertical Navigation]
VNAV is used to manage altitude changes during flight.
What is the significance of the HOLD indication on the HUD?
It indicates the aircraft should hold its current course or altitude
This is often used in holding patterns or during approach.
What does the HUD Takeoff Ground Roll Reference Symbol display?
Displays airplane position relative to the localizer
This symbol helps pilots understand their alignment with the runway during takeoff.
What does the Ground Excessive Deviation Symbol indicate?
Indicates excessive deviation (more than 23 feet) from localizer course line during takeoff roll
The flashing triangle points in the direction of the runway centerline.
When does the Flight Director Guidance Cue appear during a normal takeoff?
At approximately 50 feet RA
RA stands for Radio Altitude.
What happens to the Flight Director Guidance Cue during a HUD takeoff?
Appears with the flight path vector symbol during the ground to air transition
This cue assists pilots in transitioning from ground operations to flight.
At what altitude is the Flight Director Guidance Cue removed from the HUD on approach?
Approximately 50 feet RA
This indicates a critical phase of landing where manual control may be needed.
What does the Flight Path Vector Symbol display?
Displays actual flight path vector of the airplane as derived from IRS
IRS stands for Inertial Reference System.
When does the Flight Path Vector Symbol appear?
Only in flight
This symbol is crucial for pilots to understand their current flight trajectory.
What does the Flight Director Guidance Cue do during windshear alerting?
The cue fills (solid) during windshear alerting and when TO/GA pitch mode is active
TO/GA stands for Takeoff/Go-Around, indicating a critical operational mode.
What does the Flight Path Acceleration symbol indicate?
The inertial acceleration (or deceleration) of the airplane along the flight path.
This symbol is removed from the display when low-level, decreasing performance windshear is detected below 400 feet AGL.
When is the Speed Error Tape displayed?
It is not displayed until first flap retraction.
The Speed Error Tape shows the difference between the indicated airspeed and the selected airspeed.
