8.2 Socialization

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

process of dev and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs

Question 2

Cultural transmission/cultural learning

Answer 2

the manner in which a society socializes its members

Question 3

Cultural diffusion

Answer 3

he spread of norms, customs, and beliefs throughout the culture

Question 4

Four categories of socialization

Answer 4

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Anticipatory
4. Resocialization

Question 5

Norms

Answer 5

determine the boundaries of acceptable behavior w/in society; Serve as a means of social control, although they are NOT laws,

Question 6

sanctions

Answer 6

Penalties for misconduct or rewards for appropriate behavior, can be used to maintain social control.
3 Types: Negative, formal and informal

Question 7

Taboo

Answer 7

socially unacceptable, disgusting, or reprehensible

Question 8

Folkways

Answer 8

norms that refer to behavior that is considered polite in particular social interactions

Question 9

Agents of socialization

Answer 9

1. Family
2. Peers
3. School
4. Religion
5. Government
6. Media
7. Work
8. Ethnic Background
9. Clubs/Social Groups

Question 10

Stigma

Answer 10

the extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

Question 11

Deviance

Answer 11

any violation of norms, rules, or expectations w/in a society

Question 12

Labeling theory

Answer 12

Posits that the labels given to ppl affect not only how others respond to that person, but also the persons self-image

Question 13

Differential association theory

Answer 13

The degree to which one is surrounded by ideals that adhere to social norms vs ideals that go against them

Question 14

Strain theory

Answer 14

Attempts to explain deviance as a natural reaction to the disconnect btwn social goals and social structure

Question 15

Conformity Aka majority influence

Answer 15

changing beliefs and behaviors in order to fit into a group or society

Question 16

normative conformity

Answer 16

the desire to fit into a group b/c of fear of rejection

Question 17

Internalization conformity

Answer 17

Changing ones behavior to fit w/ a group while also privately agreeing with the ideas of the group

Question 18

Identification conformity

Answer 18

The outward acceptance of others ideas w/out personally taking on these ideas

Question 19

Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 19

Experiment looking at internalization; Some were signed to be guards and others were assigned to be prisoners. Guards started treating prisoners badly and prisoners became submissive, they internalized their roles

Question 20

Compliance

Answer 20

change in behavior based on the requests of another, this indiv typically has no power or authority; includes foot-in-the-door technique, door-in-the-face technique, lowball technique, that’s-not-all technique

Question 21

foot-in-the-door technique

Answer 21

First a SMALL request is made then a LARGER request is made

Question 22

door-in-the-face technique

Answer 22

First a LARGE request is made, if refused a SMALLER request is made

Question 23

lowball technique

Answer 23

Requestor will get an initial commitment from an individual, and then raise the cost of the commitment [cost does not have to be money, rather time and effort]

Question 24

that’s-not-all technique

Answer 24

Indiv is made an offer, but before making a decision, is told the deal is even better than they expected

Question 25

Obedience

Answer 25

A change in behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure

Question 26

Stanley Milgram Experiment

Answer 26

Most notable obedience experiment; Teachers cranked an electrical panel that would shock a person