6.2 Formation of Identity Flashcards
HIGH YIELD
What are freud’s psychosexual stages of personality dev based
the tensions caused by the libido
Five distinct stages of psychosexual development
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic or Oedipal
- Latent
- Genital
Oral stage
- 0 to 1 y/o
- Libidinal energy centered on the mouth
- Gratification = putting objects in mouth, biting and sucking
- Fixation → excessive dependency
Anal stage
- 1 to 3 y/o
- Libido centered on the anus
- Gratification = elimination and retention of waste materials
- Fixation → excessive orderliness or sloppiness
Phallic or Oedipal Stage
- 3 to 5 y/o
- Centers on the resolution of the Oedipal conflict for male children and the Electra conflict for female children
- Male child envies his fathers relationship with his mother
- Female children have penis envy
Latent stage
- Until puberty
- Libido is largely sublimated during this stage
Genital Stage
- Puberty to Adulthood
- If previous stages have been successfully resolved, the person will enter into normal heterosexual relationships
Erickson’s stages of psychosocial dev stem from
conflicts between needs and social demands that occur throughout life
Erickson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development
- Trust vs. mistrust
- Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
- Initiative vs. guilt
- Industry vs. inferiority
- Identity vs. role confusion
- Intimacy vs. isolation
- Generativity vs. stagnation
- Integrity vs. despair
Trust vs. mistrust
- 0 to 1 y/o
- Can I trust the world?
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
- 1 to 3 y/o
- Is it okay to be me?
Initiative vs. guilt
- 3 to 6 y/o
- Is it ok for me to do, move, and act?
Industry vs. inferiority
- 6 to 12 y/o
- Can I make it in the world of people and things?
Identity vs. role confusion
- 12 to 20 y/o
- Who am I? What can I be?
Intimacy vs. isolation
- 20 to 40 y/o
- Can I love?
Generativity vs. stagnation
- 40 to 65 y/o
- Can I make my life count?
Integrity vs. despair
- above 65 y/o
- Is it okay to have been me?
Kohlberg’s stages of moral dev
describes the approaches of indiv to resolving moral dilemmas and perceive the notion of right and wrong
Kohlberg’s 3 phases
- Preconventional morality
- Conventional morality
- Postconventional morality
Preconventional morality
- Preadolescence
- Places emphasis on the consequences of the moral choice
- Stage one: obedience
- Stage two: self-interest aka instrumental relativist stage
Conventional morality
- adolescence to adulthood
- Based on understanding and accepting social rules
- Stage three: conformity
- Stage four: law and order
Postconventional morality
- adulthood (if at all)
- not everyone is capable of achieving this level of reasoning
- Stage five: social contract
- Stage six: universal human ethics
Vygotsky: Cultural and Biosocial Development
-Believed the driving factor for cognitive dev was the child’s internalization of various aspects of the culture
Zone of proximal dev
describes those skills that a child has not yet mastered and require a more knowledgeable other (usually and aduly) in order to accomplish the skill
Theory of mind
Ability to sense how another’s mind works which allows us to recognize and react to how others think about us
Looking-glass self
social psychological construct stating the self is dev through interpersonal rxns, specifically through a person’s understanding of the reception others have of them
