5.1 Motivation

Question 1

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 1

based on external circumstances, rewards for showing a desired behavior or avoiding punishment if the desired behavior is not achieved

Question 2

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 2

based on internal drive or perception, driven by interest in a task or pure enjoyment

Question 3

primary factors that influence motivation

Answer 3

• instincts
• arousal
• drives
• needs

Question 4

Instinct theory of motivation

Answer 4

• people perform certain behaviors b/c of these evolutionary programmed instincts.
• Derived from Darwin’s theory of evolution

Question 5

Arousal theory of motivation

Answer 5

people perform actions to maintain an optimal level of arousal

Question 6

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 6

• performance is optimal at a medium level of arousal

Question 7

Explain how optimal level of arousal varies btwn diff types of tasks

Answer 7

• lower levels are optimal for highly cognitive tasks
• higher levels are optimal for activities that require physical endurance and stamina
• Simple tasks generally require slightly higher arousal than complex tasks

Question 8

Drive Reduction Theory of motivation

Answer 8

motivation arises from the desire to eliminate drives that create uncomfy internal states

Question 9

Primary drives

Answer 9

• those that motivate us to sustain necessary biological processes.
• related to bodily processes in homeostasis such as food, water, etc

Question 10

Secondary drives

Answer 10

• those that motivate us to fulfill nonbiological, emotional, or “learned” desires
• stem from learning and include accomplishments and emotions

Question 11

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 11

• certain needs will yield a greater influence on motivation
• Consists of 5 “levels” of needs: Physiological → Safety and security →
  Love and belonging → Self-esteem → Self-actualization

Question 12

Self determination theory

Answer 12

• emphasizes the role of 3 universal needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
• These 3 must be met in order to dev healthy relationships w/ oneself and others

Question 13

Incentive theory

Answer 13

explains motivation as the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments

Question 14

Expectancy-value theory

Answer 14

states the amount of motivation for a task is based on the individual’s expectation of success and the amount that success is valued

Question 15

Opponent-process theory

Answer 15

explains motivation for drug use: as drug use inc, the body counteracts its effects, leading to tolerance and uncomfortable w/drawal symptoms.

Question 16

Sexual motivation is related to…

Answer 16

hormones , cultural and social factors