11.3 Demographics

Question 1

Demographics

Answer 1

the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology.

Question 2

Common Demographic Categories

Answer 2

• Ageism
• Gender
• Race
• Ethnicity
• Sexual orientation
• Immigration

Question 3

Gender inequality

Answer 3

the intentional or unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the other

Question 4

Gender segregation

Answer 4

the separation of individuals based on perceived gender

Question 5

Racialization

Answer 5

definition or establishment of a group as a particular race

Question 6

Racial formation theory

Answer 6

racial identity is fluid and dependent on concurrent political, economic, and social factors

Question 7

Symbolic ethnicity

Answer 7

recognition of an ethnic identity that is only relevant on special occasions or in specific circumstances and does not specifically impact everyday life

Question 8

Kinsey scale

Answer 8

describes sexuality on a 0 to 6 scale; 0 = exclusive heterosexuality and 6 = exclusive homosexuality, MOST people fall somewhere in btwn 0 to 6

Question 9

Sexual Orientation Trend

Answer 9

Health disparities w/in the LGBTQIA community such as HIV, lesbians receive less cervical screenings and STI’s, transgender have multiple areas of inc risk, mental health

Question 10

Immigration Trend

Answer 10

There are barriers that affect interactions w/ social structures and institutions.

Question 11

Fertility rate

Answer 11

the avg # of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a pop.
- Above 2 in the US → population growth

Question 12

Birth rate

Answer 12

relative to a pop size over time, usually measured as the # of births per 1000 ppl/year

Question 13

Mortality rate

Answer 13

the avg # of deaths/pop size over time, usually measured as the # of deaths/1000 ppl/year
- Have dropped in the US due to advancements in healthcare and access

Question 14

Migration

Answer 14

the movement of ppl from one geographic location to another; immigration rate minus emigration rate

Question 15

Motivations of Migration

Answer 15

• pull factors (possitive attributes of the new location that attract the immigrant)
• push factors (negative attributes of the old location that encourage the immigrant to leave)

Question 16

Demographic transition

Answer 16

model used to represent drops in birth and death rates as a result of industrialization

Question 17

Stages of Demographic transition

Answer 17

• Step 1: preindustrial society; birth and death rates are both high
• Step 2: improvements in healthcare, nutrition, sanitation and wages → death rates drop
• Step 3: improvements in contraceptions, women rights shift to industrial economy → birth rates to drop. Also children must go to school fro many years to be productive in society and may need to be supported by parents for a longer period of time → families having fewer children
• Step 4: an industrial society; birth and death rates are low

Question 18

Malthusian theory

Answer 18

how the exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of the food supply and lead to social degradation and disorder

Question 19

Malthusian catastrophe

Answer 19

prediction that as a 3rd world nation industrialize and undergo demographic transition, the pace at which the world population will grow is much faster than the ability to generate food and mass starvation will occur

Question 20

Social movements

Answer 20

organized to either promote (proactive) or resist (reactive) social change

Question 21

Globalization

Answer 21

the process of integrating a global economy w/ free trade and tapping of foreign labor markets

Question 22

Urbanization

Answer 22

the process of dense areas of population creating a pull for migration; in other words, creating cities.