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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > 7.2 Types of Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

7.2 Types of Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Schizophrenia

A

is the prototypical disorder w/ psychosis (disconnection from reality) as a feature. It contains (+) and (-) Sx.

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2
Q

Dx Schizophrenia

A

Pt must show continuous signs of the disturbance for > x6 months, and this 6 month period must include > x1 month of “active Sx” (Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech)

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3
Q

Depressive Disorders

A

Major depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder
Seasonal affective disorder

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4
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

mood disorder characterized by > x1 major depressive episode

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5
Q

Major depressive episode

A

a period of > 2 weeks w/ min x5 of the following Sx:

  1. prominent and relatively persistent depressed mood
  2. loss of interest in enjoyable activities (anhedonia)
  3. appetite disturbances
  4. substantial weight changes
  5. sleep disturbances
  6. decreased energy
  7. feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt (sometimes delusional)
  8. difficulty concentrating or thinking
  9. psychomotor Sx (feeling “slowed down”)
  10. thoughts of death or attempts at suicide
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6
Q

Dx Major depressive disorder

A

major depressive episode Sx must cause significant distress or affect function

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7
Q

Persistent depressive disorder

A

individuals who suffer from dysthymia for > x2 years

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8
Q

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

colloquial name for major depressive disorder w/ seasonal onset, occurring during winter months.

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9
Q

Bipolar and related disorders

A

Bipolar disorder I
Bipolar disorder II
Cyclothymic disorder

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10
Q

Bipolar disorders

A

formerly known as manic depression

mood disorders characterized by both depression and mania

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11
Q

Manic episodes

A 
characterized by abnormal and persistently elevated mood x1 week w/ > 3 of the following (DIG FAST): 
Distractible 
Insomnia 
Grandiosity 
Flight of Ideas (racing thoughts)
Agitation 
Speech (pressured)
Thoughtlessness (risky behavior)
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12
Q

Bipolar I disorder

A

contains x1 manic episode

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13
Q

Bipolar II disorder

A

contains x1 hypomanic episode and x1 major depressive episode

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14
Q

hypomania

A

[In contrast to mania] does not sig impair function, no psychotic features, Pt may be more energetic or optimistic

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15
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

contains hypomanic episodes with dysthymia

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16
Q

Catecholamine theory of depression (monamine)

A

Too much nor-epi and serotonin in the synapse leads to mania while too little leads to depression

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17
Q

Anxiety disorders

A 
Generalized anxiety disorder 
Specific phobias
Social anxiety disorder
Agoraphobia
Panic disorder
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18
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

a disproportionate and persistent worry about many diff things for > x6 months. May have physical Sx such as fatigue, muscle tensions, sleep problems.

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19
Q

Specific phobias

A

irrational fears of specific objects or situations

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20
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

anxiety due to social or performance situations

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21
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of places or situations where it is hard for an indiv to escape. Tend to be uncomfortable leaving their homes for fear of a panic attack or exacerbation of another mental illness
HINT: Shameless

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22
Q

Panic disorder

A

marked by recurrent panic attacks. It may lead to agoraphobia

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23
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorders and related disorders

A

Includes
OCD
Body dysmorphia

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24
Q

OCD

A

characterized by obsessions that are relieved by compulsions. Cause significant impairment in a person’s life.

25
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

characterized by an unrealistic negative evaluation of 1’s appearance or a specific body part.

26
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

happens after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event and is characterized by intrusion Sx, avoidance Sx, neg cog Sx, and arousal Sx

27
Q

Dx PTSD

A

A particular # of PTSD Sx must be present for a min x1 month. If Sx last < x1 month but > x3 days then its called acute stress disorder.

28
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Pt avoids stress by escaping from their identity but still has intact sense of reality.
Includes:
dissociative amnesia,
dissociative identity disorder (fka multiple personality disorder)
depersonalization/derealization disorder

29
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

an inability to recall past experience w/out an underlying neurological disorder, often linked to trauma. In severe forms, it may involve dissociative fugue, a sudden change in location that may involve the assumption of a new identity.

30
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

Formerly Multiple Personality Disorder
The occurrence of 2 or more personalities that take control of a person’s behavior.
Happens when the components of identity fail to integrate.

31
Q

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

involves feelings of detachment from the mind and body (depersonalization) or from their surroundings (derealization)

32
Q

Somatic symptom and related disorders

A 
These disorders are marked by somatic (bodily) symptoms that cause significant stress or impairment 
Includes:
Somatic symptom disorder 
Illness anxiety disorder 
Conversion disorder
33
Q

Somatic symptom disorder

A

involves at least one somatic Sx, which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition, that causes disproportionate concern

34
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

a preoccupation w/ thoughts about having, or coming down w/ a serious medical condition

35
Q

Conversion disorder

A

a mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation.

36
Q

Personality disorders (PD)

A

are patterns of inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress or impaired functioning in min x2 of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. They occur in 3 clusters: A, B and C.

37
Q

ego-syntonic

A

Pt perceived their behavior as correct, normal, or in harmony with their goals. Ex: personality disorders (PD)

38
Q

ego-dystonic

A

Pt sees the illness as something thrust upon them that is intrusive and bothersome. Ex: All disorders covered except for PD.

39
Q

Cluster A

A

odd, eccentric

Includes paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid PD’s.

40
Q

Cluster B

A

dramatic, emotional, erratic

Includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic PD

41
Q

Cluster C

A

anxious, fearful

Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive PD’s.

42
Q

Paranoid PD

A

Cluster A

A pervasive distrust and suspicion of others.

43
Q

Schizotypal PD

A

Cluster A

Ideas of reference (sim to delusions), magical thinking (superstitiousness or clairvoyance), and eccentricity.

44
Q

Schizoid PD

A

Cluster A

Pt has a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and limited emotions.

45
Q

Antisocial PD

A

Cluster B
A disregard for violation of the rights of others such as engaging in repeated illegal acts, aggressiveness, lack of remorse. 3x more common in males than females. Ex: serial killers that show no guilt

46
Q

Borderline PD

A

Cluster B
Instability in relationships, mood, and self-image. Characteristics = splitting (angel vs devil mentality) and recurrent suicide attempts.

47
Q

Histrionic PD

A

Cluster B

Constant attention-seeking behavior.

48
Q

Narcissistic PD

A

Cluster B
A grandiose sense of self-importance and need for admiration.
Hint: ALEX

49
Q

Avoidant PD

A

Cluster C
Extreme shyness and fear of rejection.
Hint: When Nancy’s drunk

50
Q

Dependent PD

A

Cluster C

A continuous need for reassurance

51
Q

Obsessive-compulsive PD

A

Cluster C

Perfectionism, inflexibility, and preoccupation w/ rules.

52
Q

intrusion Sx

A

reliving the event, flashbacks, nightmares

53
Q

avoidance Sx

A

avoidance of ppl, places, objects associated w/ trauma

Hint: opposite of toxic people

54
Q

neg cog Sx

A

amnesia, neg mood and emotions

55
Q

arousal Sx

A

inc startle response, irritability, anxiety

56
Q

(+) Sx

A

Adds something to behavior, cognition, or affect and include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior

57
Q

(-) Sx

A

The loss of something from behavior, cognition, or affect and include disturbance of affect and avolition (lack of motivation)

58
Q

Dysthymia

A

depressed mood that isn’t severe enough to meet the criteria of a major depressive episode

59
Q

Panic Attack

A

intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous sys activity w/ no clear stimulus.

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (30 decks)

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