7.2 Types of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Schizophrenia

Answer 1

is the prototypical disorder w/ psychosis (disconnection from reality) as a feature. It contains (+) and (-) Sx.

Question 2

Dx Schizophrenia

Answer 2

Pt must show continuous signs of the disturbance for > x6 months, and this 6 month period must include > x1 month of “active Sx” (Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech)

Question 3

Depressive Disorders

Answer 3

Major depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder
Seasonal affective disorder

Question 4

Major depressive disorder

Answer 4

mood disorder characterized by > x1 major depressive episode

Question 5

Major depressive episode

Answer 5

a period of > 2 weeks w/ min x5 of the following Sx:

1. prominent and relatively persistent depressed mood
2. loss of interest in enjoyable activities (anhedonia)
3. appetite disturbances
4. substantial weight changes
5. sleep disturbances
6. decreased energy
7. feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt (sometimes delusional)
8. difficulty concentrating or thinking
9. psychomotor Sx (feeling “slowed down”)
10. thoughts of death or attempts at suicide

Question 6

Dx Major depressive disorder

Answer 6

major depressive episode Sx must cause significant distress or affect function

Question 7

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 7

individuals who suffer from dysthymia for > x2 years

Question 8

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Answer 8

colloquial name for major depressive disorder w/ seasonal onset, occurring during winter months.

Question 9

Bipolar and related disorders

Answer 9

Bipolar disorder I
Bipolar disorder II
Cyclothymic disorder

Question 10

Bipolar disorders

Answer 10

formerly known as manic depression

mood disorders characterized by both depression and mania

Question 11

Manic episodes

Answer 11

characterized by abnormal and persistently elevated mood x1 week w/ > 3 of the following (DIG FAST): 
Distractible 
Insomnia 
Grandiosity 
Flight of Ideas (racing thoughts)
Agitation 
Speech (pressured)
Thoughtlessness (risky behavior)

Question 12

Bipolar I disorder

Answer 12

contains x1 manic episode

Question 13

Bipolar II disorder

Answer 13

contains x1 hypomanic episode and x1 major depressive episode

Question 14

hypomania

Answer 14

[In contrast to mania] does not sig impair function, no psychotic features, Pt may be more energetic or optimistic

Question 15

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer 15

contains hypomanic episodes with dysthymia

Question 16

Catecholamine theory of depression (monamine)

Answer 16

Too much nor-epi and serotonin in the synapse leads to mania while too little leads to depression

Question 17

Anxiety disorders

Answer 17

Generalized anxiety disorder 
Specific phobias
Social anxiety disorder
Agoraphobia
Panic disorder

Question 18

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 18

a disproportionate and persistent worry about many diff things for > x6 months. May have physical Sx such as fatigue, muscle tensions, sleep problems.

Question 19

Specific phobias

Answer 19

irrational fears of specific objects or situations

Question 20

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 20

anxiety due to social or performance situations

Question 21

Agoraphobia

Answer 21

fear of places or situations where it is hard for an indiv to escape. Tend to be uncomfortable leaving their homes for fear of a panic attack or exacerbation of another mental illness
HINT: Shameless

Question 22

Panic disorder

Answer 22

marked by recurrent panic attacks. It may lead to agoraphobia

Question 23

Obsessive-compulsive disorders and related disorders

Answer 23

Includes
OCD
Body dysmorphia

Question 24

OCD

Answer 24

characterized by obsessions that are relieved by compulsions. Cause significant impairment in a person’s life.

Question 25

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 25

characterized by an unrealistic negative evaluation of 1’s appearance or a specific body part.

Question 26

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 26

happens after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event and is characterized by intrusion Sx, avoidance Sx, neg cog Sx, and arousal Sx

Question 27

Dx PTSD

Answer 27

A particular # of PTSD Sx must be present for a min x1 month. If Sx last < x1 month but > x3 days then its called acute stress disorder.

Question 28

Dissociative disorders

Answer 28

Pt avoids stress by escaping from their identity but still has intact sense of reality. Includes: dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder (fka multiple personality disorder) depersonalization/derealization disorder

Question 29

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 29

an inability to recall past experience w/out an underlying neurological disorder, often linked to trauma. In severe forms, it may involve dissociative fugue, a sudden change in location that may involve the assumption of a new identity.

Question 30

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 30

Formerly Multiple Personality Disorder The occurrence of 2 or more personalities that take control of a person’s behavior. Happens when the components of identity fail to integrate.

Question 31

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

Answer 31

involves feelings of detachment from the mind and body (depersonalization) or from their surroundings (derealization)

Question 32

Somatic symptom and related disorders

Answer 32

``` These disorders are marked by somatic (bodily) symptoms that cause significant stress or impairment Includes: Somatic symptom disorder Illness anxiety disorder Conversion disorder ```

Question 33

Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 33

involves at least one somatic Sx, which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition, that causes disproportionate concern

Question 34

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 34

a preoccupation w/ thoughts about having, or coming down w/ a serious medical condition

Question 35

Conversion disorder

Answer 35

a mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation.

Question 36

Personality disorders (PD)

Answer 36

are patterns of inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress or impaired functioning in min x2 of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. They occur in 3 clusters: A, B and C.

Question 37

ego-syntonic

Answer 37

Pt perceived their behavior as correct, normal, or in harmony with their goals. Ex: personality disorders (PD)

Question 38

ego-dystonic

Answer 38

Pt sees the illness as something thrust upon them that is intrusive and bothersome. Ex: All disorders covered except for PD.

Question 39

Cluster A

Answer 39

odd, eccentric | Includes paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid PD's.

Question 40

Cluster B

Answer 40

dramatic, emotional, erratic | Includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic PD

Question 41

Cluster C

Answer 41

anxious, fearful | Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive PD's.

Question 42

Paranoid PD

Answer 42

Cluster A | A pervasive distrust and suspicion of others.

Question 43

Schizotypal PD

Answer 43

Cluster A | Ideas of reference (sim to delusions), magical thinking (superstitiousness or clairvoyance), and eccentricity.

Question 44

Schizoid PD

Answer 44

Cluster A | Pt has a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and limited emotions.

Question 45

Antisocial PD

Answer 45

Cluster B A disregard for violation of the rights of others such as engaging in repeated illegal acts, aggressiveness, lack of remorse. 3x more common in males than females. Ex: serial killers that show no guilt

Question 46

Borderline PD

Answer 46

Cluster B Instability in relationships, mood, and self-image. Characteristics = splitting (angel vs devil mentality) and recurrent suicide attempts.

Question 47

Histrionic PD

Answer 47

Cluster B | Constant attention-seeking behavior.

Question 48

Narcissistic PD

Answer 48

Cluster B A grandiose sense of self-importance and need for admiration. Hint: ALEX

Question 49

Avoidant PD

Answer 49

Cluster C Extreme shyness and fear of rejection. Hint: When Nancy’s drunk

Question 50

Dependent PD

Answer 50

Cluster C | A continuous need for reassurance

Question 51

Obsessive-compulsive PD

Answer 51

Cluster C | Perfectionism, inflexibility, and preoccupation w/ rules.

Question 52

intrusion Sx

Answer 52

reliving the event, flashbacks, nightmares

Question 53

avoidance Sx

Answer 53

avoidance of ppl, places, objects associated w/ trauma | Hint: opposite of toxic people

Question 54

neg cog Sx

Answer 54

amnesia, neg mood and emotions

Question 55

arousal Sx

Answer 55

inc startle response, irritability, anxiety

Question 56

(+) Sx

Answer 56

Adds something to behavior, cognition, or affect and include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior

Question 57

(-) Sx

Answer 57

The loss of something from behavior, cognition, or affect and include disturbance of affect and avolition (lack of motivation)

Question 58

Dysthymia

Answer 58

depressed mood that isn't severe enough to meet the criteria of a major depressive episode

Question 59

Panic Attack

Answer 59

intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous sys activity w/ no clear stimulus.