12.2 Epidemiology and Disparities

Question 1

Health is dependent on:

Answer 1

geographic, social, and economic factors

Question 2

Rich Health Trend

Answer 2

Wealthier tend to have better health and better access to healthcare

Question 3

Incidence

Answer 3

the number of new cases of a disease per pop at risk in a given period of time: for ex, new cases per 1000 at-risk ppl per year

Question 4

Prevalence

Answer 4

the # of cases of a disease per pop in a given period of time: for ex, cases per 1000 ppl/year

Question 5

Morbidity

Answer 5

the burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease

Question 6

Mortality

Answer 6

deaths caused by a given disease

Question 7

second sickness

Answer 7

the fact that health outcomes are exacerbated by social inequalities and social injustice. As a result, higher-income groups have longer life expectancies than lower-income groups

Question 8

Poverty Health Trend

Answer 8

Poverty is associated with worse health outcomes, inc dec life expectancy, higher rates of life-shortening diseases, higher rates of suicide and homicide, and higher infant mortality rates

Question 9

Racial and Ethnic Health Trends

Answer 9

Certain racial and ethnic minorities have worse health profiles than others

• African Americans are, on avg, the worst off
• white Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanic Americans are next
• Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have the best health profiles

Question 10

Female health trend

Answer 10

• Females have better health profiles than males
• inc higher life expectancy
• lower rates of life-threatening illnesses
• higher rates of assessing and utilizing health resources
• females have higher rates of chronic diseases
• higher morbidity rates

Question 11

Efforts to improve healthcare

Answer 11

• Affordable Care Act (ACA)
• Medicare
• Medicaid programs.

Question 12

Medicare

Answer 12

covers patients over the age of 65, end-stage renal disease, and ALS

Question 13

Medicaid

Answer 13

covers patients who are in significant financial need

Question 14

Factors that affect Healthcare access and quality across the pop

Answer 14

All of these individuals receive worse worse care

• Low income groups
• Racial and ethnic minorities
• obesity
• LGBTQIA member

Question 15

Why have the efforts to improve healthcare not really worked

Answer 15

• some physicians don’t accept public insurance programs like medicare and medicaid
• lower class individuals are less likely to seek medical care until its really bad to too late b/c clinics are busy