10.2 Social Perception and Behavior

Question 1

Social perception or social cognition

Answer 1

the way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment.

Question 2

Components of social perception

Answer 2

• Perceiver
• Target
• Situation

Question 3

Impression Bias

Answer 3

One model of social perception focuses on our selection of cues to form interpretations of others that are consistent over time.

Question 4

primary effect

Answer 4

first impressions > subsequent impressions

Question 5

recency effect

Answer 5

When the most recent info = the most important in forming our impression

Question 6

Reliance on central traits

Answer 6

tendency to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver

Question 7

Implicit personality theory

Answer 7

states that people make assumptions about how different types of ppl, their traits, and their behavior are related

Question 8

Halo effect

Answer 8

When one applies general feelings about a person to specific characteristics of that person

Question 9

Just-world hypothesis

Answer 9

good things happen to be good people and vice versa

Question 10

Self-serving bias or self-serving attributional bias

Answer 10

Tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors

Question 11

Influences on self-serving bias

Answer 11

Influenced by self-enhancement, cognitive processes, locus of control, emotions (which impact self-esteem, those w/ more self-esteem more likely to exhibit self-serving bias), relationships (closer the relationship, the less likely we will attribute our failures to those people and vice versa)

Question 12

Self- enhancement

Answer 12

focuses on the need to maintain self-worth and can be done through internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failures

Question 13

Attribution theory

Answer 13

focuses on the tendency for indiv to infer the causes of other ppl’s behavior; explaining the behavior of others

Question 14

The causes for attribution

Answer 14

• Dispositional (internal)

- Situational (external)

Question 15

Types of Cues

Answer 15

• Consistency cues
• Consensus cues
• Distinctiveness cues

Question 16

Correspondent inference theory

Answer 16

used to describe attributions made by observing the intentional (especially unexpected) behaviors performed by another person

Question 17

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 17

bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions about the behavior of others, especially in neg contexts

Question 18

Attribute substitution

Answer 18

occurs when indivs make complex judgments but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic
Common when dealing with size and color in optical illusions

Question 19

Cultural attribution

Answer 19

Attributions are highly influenced by the culture in which one resides