8.1 Group Psychology Flashcards
HIGH YIELD
Social action
actions and behaviors that indiv are conscious of an performing b/c others are around. Includes: Social facilitation, Deindividuation, Bystander effect, Social Loafing, Peer pressure
Social facilitation
describes the tendency of ppl to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around
Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilitation
Being in the presence of others will sig raise arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at (simple tasks), and hinders the performance of less familiar tasks ( complex tasks)
Deindividuation
a loss of self-awareness in large groups, which can lead to drastic changes in behavior of an indiv
Anti-normative behavior
Behavior against the norm, provides an explanation for violent behavior seen in crowds and riots
Bystander effect
describes the observation that when in a group, indiv are less likely to respond to a person in need
Social Loafing
Tendency of indiv to put in less effort when in a group setting than individually. Ex: Group Projects
Peer pressure
the social influence placed on individuals by others they consider equals
identity shift effect
Mechanism behind peer pressure. Person fears rejection → conform to the norms of the group → indiv will experience internal conflict and will try to eliminate it by adopting the norms of the group as their own (identity shift)
cognitive dissonance
The simultaneous presence of 2 opposing thoughts or opinions → internal state of discomfort → anxiety, fear, anger, etc
Solomon Asch’s conformity experiment
Showed individuals will conform to an opinion held by a group EVEN if they know the opinion is untrue in order to avoid going against the group: the urge toward conformity could outweigh the desire to provide the correct answer
Social interaction
the ways in which 2 or more indiv can both shape each other’s behavior
Group polarization
The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the indiv ideas and inclinations of the members w/in the group.
Groupthink
Phenomenon in which desire for harmony or conformity results in a group of people coming to an incorrect or poor decision. Can lead to riots, fads, mass hysteria
8 factors that are indicative of groupthink
- Illusion of invulnerability
- Collective rationalization
- Illusion of mortality
- Excessive stereotyping
- Pressure for conformity
- Self-censorship
- Illusion of unanimity
- Mindguards
Group process
Includes group polarization and Groupthink
Culture
- describes the beliefs, ideas, behaviors, actions, and characteristics of a group or society of people
- Learned by living w/in a society, observing behaviors and traits, and adopting them
- Passed down from generation from generation
Assimilation [melting pot]
The process by which a group or individuals culture begins to melt into another culture HOWEVER one group will have more power and influence the other → more traits of that culture being displayed after transformation
The 4 factors that assess the completeness of assimilation
- Socioeconomic status
- Geographic distribution
- Language attainment
- Intermarriage
ethnic enclaves
locations w/ a high concentration of one specific ethnicity; can slow down assimilation
Multiculturalism [cultual mosaic]
The idea that multiple cultures should be encouraged and respected w/out one culture becoming dominant overall
Subcultures
a group of ppl w/in a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong
Counterculture
the subculture group gravitates toward an identity that is at odds w/ the majority culture and deliberately opposes the prevailing social mores.
Michelangelo phenomenon
the concept of self is made up of both the interpersonal self, the ideas an indiv has regarding his/her own abilities, traits, and beliefs, and the interpersonal self, the manner in which others influence creation of the ideal self.
