8.1 Group Psychology

Question 1

Social action

Answer 1

actions and behaviors that indiv are conscious of an performing b/c others are around. Includes: Social facilitation, Deindividuation, Bystander effect, Social Loafing, Peer pressure

Question 2

Social facilitation

Answer 2

describes the tendency of ppl to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around

Question 3

Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilitation

Answer 3

Being in the presence of others will sig raise arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at (simple tasks), and hinders the performance of less familiar tasks ( complex tasks)

Question 4

Deindividuation

Answer 4

a loss of self-awareness in large groups, which can lead to drastic changes in behavior of an indiv

Question 5

Anti-normative behavior

Answer 5

Behavior against the norm, provides an explanation for violent behavior seen in crowds and riots

Question 6

Bystander effect

Answer 6

describes the observation that when in a group, indiv are less likely to respond to a person in need

Question 7

Social Loafing

Answer 7

Tendency of indiv to put in less effort when in a group setting than individually. Ex: Group Projects

Question 8

Peer pressure

Answer 8

the social influence placed on individuals by others they consider equals

Question 9

identity shift effect

Answer 9

Mechanism behind peer pressure. Person fears rejection → conform to the norms of the group → indiv will experience internal conflict and will try to eliminate it by adopting the norms of the group as their own (identity shift)

Question 10

cognitive dissonance

Answer 10

The simultaneous presence of 2 opposing thoughts or opinions → internal state of discomfort → anxiety, fear, anger, etc

Question 11

Solomon Asch’s conformity experiment

Answer 11

Showed individuals will conform to an opinion held by a group EVEN if they know the opinion is untrue in order to avoid going against the group: the urge toward conformity could outweigh the desire to provide the correct answer

Question 12

Social interaction

Answer 12

the ways in which 2 or more indiv can both shape each other’s behavior

Question 13

Group polarization

Answer 13

The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the indiv ideas and inclinations of the members w/in the group.

Question 14

Groupthink

Answer 14

Phenomenon in which desire for harmony or conformity results in a group of people coming to an incorrect or poor decision. Can lead to riots, fads, mass hysteria

Question 15

8 factors that are indicative of groupthink

Answer 15

1. Illusion of invulnerability
2. Collective rationalization
3. Illusion of mortality
4. Excessive stereotyping
5. Pressure for conformity
6. Self-censorship
7. Illusion of unanimity
8. Mindguards

Question 16

Group process

Answer 16

Includes group polarization and Groupthink

Question 17

Culture

Answer 17

• describes the beliefs, ideas, behaviors, actions, and characteristics of a group or society of people
• Learned by living w/in a society, observing behaviors and traits, and adopting them
• Passed down from generation from generation

Question 18

Assimilation [melting pot]

Answer 18

The process by which a group or individuals culture begins to melt into another culture HOWEVER one group will have more power and influence the other → more traits of that culture being displayed after transformation

Question 19

The 4 factors that assess the completeness of assimilation

Answer 19

• Socioeconomic status
• Geographic distribution
• Language attainment
• Intermarriage

Question 20

ethnic enclaves

Answer 20

locations w/ a high concentration of one specific ethnicity; can slow down assimilation

Question 21

Multiculturalism [cultual mosaic]

Answer 21

The idea that multiple cultures should be encouraged and respected w/out one culture becoming dominant overall

Question 22

Subcultures

Answer 22

a group of ppl w/in a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong

Question 23

Counterculture

Answer 23

the subculture group gravitates toward an identity that is at odds w/ the majority culture and deliberately opposes the prevailing social mores.

Question 24

Michelangelo phenomenon

Answer 24

the concept of self is made up of both the interpersonal self, the ideas an indiv has regarding his/her own abilities, traits, and beliefs, and the interpersonal self, the manner in which others influence creation of the ideal self.