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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > 11.1 Sociology: Theories and Institution > Flashcards

11.1 Sociology: Theories and Institution Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Sociology

A

the study of society: how we create society, how we interact w/in it, how we define what is normal and abnormal in society, how we institutionalize these ideas

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2
Q

social structure

A

a sys of ppl w/in a society organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships

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3
Q

Different theoretical approaches

A

provide frameworks for their interactions we observe w/in society

  • Functionalism or functional analysis
  • Conflict theory
  • Symbolic interactionism
  • Social constructionism
  • Rational choice theory
  • Exchange theory
  • Feminist theory
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4
Q

Functionalism or functional analysis

A

focuses on the func of each component of society and how those components fit together.

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5
Q

focuses on the func of each component of society and how those components fit together.

A

refer to the beneficial consequences of ppls actions and help maintain society in balance

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6
Q

Dysfunctions

A

harmful consequences of ppl’s actions as they undermine a social sys’s equilibrium

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7
Q

Different functions:

A
  • Manifest function

- Latent funcTION

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8
Q

Conflict theory

A

focuses on how power differentials are created and how these differentials contribute to the maintenance of social order

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9
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

the study of the ways indiv interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols; how we use symbols to interact with each other

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10
Q

Social constructionism

A

explores the ways in which Indiv’s and groups make decisions to agree upon a given social reality; how as a society we construct concepts and principles

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11
Q

Rational choice theory

A

states that Indiv’s will make decisions that maximize potential benefit and minimize potential harm

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12
Q

Exchange theory

A

applies rational choice theory w/in social groups

- Similar to operant conditioning; approval → continuation, disapproval → discouragement

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13
Q

Feminist theory

A

explores the ways in which one gender can be subordinated, minimized, or devalued compared to the other

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14
Q

Social institutions

A

well-set social structures that dictate certain patterns of behavior or relationships and are accepted as a fundamental part of culture

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15
Q

Common social institutions

A
  • Family
  • Education
  • Religion
  • Government and Economy
  • Health and Medicine
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16
Q

different types of abuse w/in a family

A
  • Domestic
  • Elder
  • Child
17
Q

Hidden curriculum

A

transmitting social norms, attitudes, and beliefs to students

18
Q

Teacher expectancy

A

teachers tend to get what they expect from students; if teacher has his demands and belief → students succeeding (ex of self-fulfilling prophecy)

19
Q

Religiosity

A

how religious one considers themselves to be; strength of religious beliefs, engagement in religion practices, attitude toward religion

20
Q

Family Trend

A

Divorce rates in the US rose sig in the 2nd half of the 20th cent; over the last 2 decades, these rates have dropped

21
Q

Religious Trend

A

As the 21st century continues, religious groups grapple w/ finding a place in contemporary society → shift toward modernization w/in the religion OR shift away from religion as society (secularizes) OR maintenance of struct adherence to religious code (fundamentalism)

22
Q

Different types of governments

A
  • Democracy
  • Monarchies
  • Dictatorship
  • Theocracy
23
Q

Different types of economies

A
  • Capitalists

- Socialists

24
Q

Key goals in American healthcare

A
  • Inc accessed to care
  • Dec cost
  • Prevention of disease before it occurs
  • Dec paternalism
  • Life course approach to health - maintaining and considering a comprehensive view of the pt’s Hx beyond the immediate presenting symptoms
25
Q

Healthcare Trend

A

Shift in the role of the pt in the medical sys; previously pt was expected to carry out the sick role, now they expected to take ownership of their health through diet, exercise, and seeing help before it is needed

26
Q

There are 4 key ethical tenets of American medicine

A
  • Beneficence
  • Nonmaleficence
  • Respect for autonomy
  • Justice
27
Q

Beneficence

A

acting in the patients best interest

28
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

avoiding Tx for which risk is larger than benefit

29
Q

Respect for autonomy

A

respecting patient’s rights to make decisions about their own healthcare

30
Q

Justice

A

treating similar patients similarly and distributing healthcare resources fairly

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (30 decks)

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