12.1 Social Class

Question 1

Social class

Answer 1

defined as a category of ppl who share a similar socioeconomic position in society

Question 2

socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 2

depends on ascribed status and achieved status

leads to social stratification

Question 3

Marxist theory

Answer 3

proposes that have nots (proleteriat) could overthrow the haves (bourgeoisie), as well as the entire capitalist economy by developing class consciousness

Question 4

class consciousness

Answer 4

organization of the working class around shared goals and recognition of a need for collective political action

Question 5

false consciousness

Answer 5

• misperception of ones actual position w/in society

- Barrier to class consciousness

Question 6

Anomie

Answer 6

a state of normlessness

Question 7

strain theory

Answer 7

Anomic conditions erode social solidarity by means of excessive individualism, social inequality, and isolation

Question 8

Social capital

Answer 8

• the investment ppl make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards; the greater the investment, the higher the level of social integration and inclusion
• Social networks are one of the most powerful forms of social capital

Question 9

Cultural capital

Answer 9

the benefits one receives from knowledge, abilities and skills

Question 10

Socioeconomic TREND

Answer 10

Socioeconomic inequalities remain high in America due to intersectionality and oversimplification of racial categories or over reliance on the five ethnicities models used by the US Census Bureau and the NIH

Question 11

Social mobility

Answer 11

allows one to acquire higher-level employment opportunities by achieving req credentials and experience

Question 12

Intragenerational

Answer 12

changes in social status happen w/in a person’s lifetime

Question 13

Intergenerational

Answer 13

changes are from parents to children

Question 14

Meritocracy

Answer 14

• a society in which advancement up the social ladder is based on intellectual talent and achievement
• One of the largest factors driving American social mobility

Question 15

plutocracy

Answer 15

• rule by the upper classes → although merit plays a roles in segments of society it doesn’t always guarantee pos social mobility
• There’s a fear that America’s meritocratic sys in quickly becoming this

Question 16

Horizontal mobility

Answer 16

Change in occupation or lifestyle that remains w/in the same social classs

Question 17

Social reproduction

Answer 17

the passing on of social inequality, especially poverty, from one generation to the next

Question 18

Structural poverty

Answer 18

based in the concept of “holes” in the structure of society rather than poverty due to the actions of the individual

Question 19

Absolute poverty

Answer 19

when ppl do not have enough resources to acquire basic life necessities, such as shelter, food, clothing, and water

Question 20

Relative poverty

Answer 20

when one is poor in comparison to a larger population

Question 21

Social exclusion

Answer 21

a sense of powerlessness when indiv feel alienated from society

Question 22

Spatial inequality

Answer 22

a form of social stratification across territories and their pop, and can occur along residential, envir, and global lines

Question 23

Urban areas trends

Answer 23

• have more diverse economic opportunities and more ability for social mobility than rural areas
• have more low-income racial and ethnic minority neighborhoods than rural areas

Question 24

suburbanization

Answer 24

the migration pattern of the middle classes to suburban communities. can → urban decay

Question 25

urban decay

Answer 25

in which a previously functional portion of a city deteriorates and becomes decrepit over time
reversed by urban renewal

Question 26

urban renewal

Answer 26

city land is reclaimed and renovated for public or private use
- ruled by gentrification

Question 27

Environmental injustice

Answer 27

uneven distribution of enviro hazards in communities

Question 28

World system theory

Answer 28

categorizes countries and emphasizes the inequalities of the division of labor at the global level

Question 29

Core nations

Answer 29

focus in higher skills and higher paying productions

Question 30

Peripheral nations

Answer 30

exploited by core nations for their lower-skilled productions

Question 31

Semi-peripheral nations

Answer 31

midway btwn core and peripheral nations, they work toward becoming core nations, while having many characteristics of peripheral nations