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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > 6.3 Personality > Flashcards

6.3 Personality Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

psychoanalytic perspective

aka psychodynamic theories of personality

A

views personality as resulting from unconscious urges and desire

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2
Q

Freud’s psychoanalytic theories based on the

A
  • id
  • ego
  • superego
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3
Q

id

A

base urges of survival and reproduction

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4
Q

ego

A
  • the mediator btwn the id, the superego and the conscious mind
  • Operates according to the reality principle
  • makes use of defense mechanism
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5
Q

Primary process

A

the id’s response to frustration, fulfilled by mental imagery (wish fulfillment)

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6
Q

reality principle

A

Aims to postpone the pleasure principle until satisfaction can actually be obtained = secondary process

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7
Q

characteristic of defense mechanisms

A

First: Deny, falsify, or distort reality
Second: operate unconsciously

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8
Q

8 main defense mechanisms

A
  • Repression
  • Suppression
  • Regression
  • Rxn formation
  • Projection
  • Rationalization
  • Displacement
  • Sublimation
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9
Q

superego

A
  • the idealist and perfectionist

- two subsystems: conscience and ego-ideal

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10
Q

What are the 3 categories that our access to the id, ego, and superego fall into

A
  • Thoughts we have conscious access
  • Thoughts we aren’t currently aware of (preconscious)
  • Thoughts that have been repressed (unconscious)
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11
Q

Life instincts (Eros)

A

promote an indiv’s quest for survival through thirst, hunger, and sexual needs

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12
Q

Death instincts (Thanatos)

A

the unconscious wish for death and destruction, proposed as a response to Freud’s observation of victims of trauma reenacting or focusing on their traumatic experiences

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13
Q

Jung (Psychoanalyst)

A
  • saw the libido as psychic energy in general not just rooted in sexuality
  • identified the ego as the conscious mind
  • divided the unconscious into personal and collective unconscious
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14
Q

Jung’s archetypes

A
  • Persona - the aspect of our personality we present to the world
  • Anima - a “man’s inner woman”
  • Animus - a “woman’s inner man”
  • Shadow - unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our unconscious
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15
Q

Jung’s 3 dichotomies of personality

A

Extraversion vs introversion
Sensing vs intuiting
Thinking vs feeling

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16
Q

Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI)

A

Includes the 3 dichotomies and judging vs perceiving

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17
Q

Alder’s theory (psychoanalyst)

A
  • focuses on the immediate social imperative of fam and society and their effects on unconscious factor
  • originator of the inferiority complex
18
Q

Horney theory (psychoanalyst)

A
  • argues that personality is a result of interpersonal relationships
  • Postulated that individuals with neurotic personalities are governed by 1 of 10 neurotic needs
19
Q

neurotic needs

A

Affection and approval
Exploit others
Self-sufficiency
independence

20
Q

Basic anxiety (Horney)

A

due to inadequate parenting which causes vulnerability and helplessness

21
Q

Basic hostility

A

neglect and rejection cause anger

22
Q

Object relations theory

A

objects are the representation of parents or other caregivers based on subjective experiences during early infancy.

23
Q

humanistic or phenomenological theorists

A

perspective emphasizes the internal feelings of healthy individuals as they strive toward happiness and self-realization.

24
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

practitioners tend to take a holistic view of the self, seeing each individual as a complete person rather than reducing him to indiv behaviors of drives

25
Q

Force field theory (Lewin’s)

A

defines the field as one’s current state of mind, which was simply the sum of the forces on the indiv at that time

26
Q

hierarchy of needs (Maslow’s)

A
  • self-actualized ppl are more likely than ppl who are not self-actualized to have peak experiences: profound and deeply moving experiences in a person’s life that have important and lasting effects on the indiv
  • humanistic theory
27
Q

unconditional positive regard (Roger’s)

A

Therapeutic technique by which the therapist accepts the client completely and expresses empathy in order to promote a pos therapeutic enviro
- humanistic theory

28
Q

Type and trait theorists

A

believe that personality can be described as a number if identifiable traits that carry characteristics behaviors

29
Q

Type theories of personality include

A
  • the ancient Greek notion of humors
  • Sheldon’s somatotypes
  • Division into Types A and B
  • The Myers-Briggs Type Inventory
30
Q

Eysencks 3 major traits

A
  • psychoticism
  • extraversion
  • neuroticism
31
Q

Big 5 Traits

A 
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism. 
hint: OCEAN
32
Q

Allport 3 basic types of traits

A
  • Cardinal
  • Central
  • Secondary
33
Q

functional autonomy

A
  • A major part of Allport’s theory

- behavior continues despite satisfaction of the drive that originally created the behavior

34
Q

McCelland’ s personality trait need for achievement (N-Ach)

A

Rated high in N-Ach tend to be concerned w/ achievement and have pride in their accomplishments; avoid high risks to avoid failing and low risks because they dont generate a sense of achievement; set realistic goals; don’t strive toward a goal if success is unlikely

35
Q

Cardinal traits

A

the traits around which a person organizes his/her life; not everyone develops a cardinal trait

36
Q

Central traits

A

represent major characteristics of the personality that are easy to infer, ex: honesty/charisma

37
Q

Secondary traits

A

more personal characteristics and are limited in occurrence: aspects of one’s personality that only appear in close groups or specific social situations

38
Q

social cognitive perspective

A

holds that indiv interact w/ their enviro in a cycle called reciprocal determinism

39
Q

reciprocal determinism.

A

People mold their enviro according to their personalities, and those environments in turn shape our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

40
Q

behaviorist perspective

A

based on the concept of operant conditioning, holds that personality can be described as the behaviors one has learned from prior rewards and punishments

41
Q

Biological theorists

A

claim that behavior can be explained as a result of genetic expression

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (30 decks)

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