5.22B **Higher and Biology Only** - Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies Flashcards
What are some uses of monoclonal antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies are used in pregnancy tests, laboratories to measure hormone levels, research, and treatment of some diseases.
How do pregnancy tests work?
Pregnancy tests detect human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in urine. Mobile antibodies bind to hCG and form complexes that are detected by stationary antibodies, resulting in a blue line indicating pregnancy.
What role do monoclonal antibodies play in laboratories?
They measure and monitor levels of hormones or chemicals in blood samples.
How are monoclonal antibodies modified for laboratory use?
They are modified to bind to specific molecules and are bound to a fluorescent dye for detection.
What is an example of monoclonal antibodies used in blood analysis?
Screening donated blood for HIV infections.
How are monoclonal antibodies used in research?
They identify certain molecules on cells or tissues by detecting fluorescence.
How do monoclonal antibodies treat cancer?
They target tumour markers on cancer cells to stimulate the immune system, block growth receptors, or transport toxic substances.
What are the three main ways monoclonal antibodies are used to treat cancer?
1) Stimulating the immune system to attack cancer cells. 2) Blocking growth-stimulating molecules from binding. 3) Transporting toxic drugs to cancer cells.
What are some disadvantages of using monoclonal antibodies?
They only bind to specific cells, can be difficult to attach to drugs, and may trigger immune responses due to being derived from mouse lymphocytes.
What health issues can high dietary intake of saturated fat and a sedentary lifestyle cause?
They can lead to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease.
