3.7B and 3.8B **Biology and Higher Only** - The Stages of Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What does each group of three bases code for?
Each group of three bases (e.g., ACT, AGG, GAC) codes for an amino acid.
What determines the type of protein produced?
The different types and order of amino acids determine which type of protein is produced.
What is the process of producing a protein from DNA called?
Protein synthesis.
What happens if a gene is coded to make a protein?
It has been expressed.
Why can’t DNA move out of the nucleus?
DNA is too big to move out of the nucleus.
What is created when mRNA nucleotides are joined together?
A new strand called the mRNA strand, which is a template of the original DNA.
What enzyme binds to non-coding DNA in front of a gene?
RNA polymerase.
What happens to the two strands of DNA during transcription?
The two strands of DNA pull apart from each other.
What do mRNA nucleotides match to during transcription?
Their complementary base on the DNA strand.
Where does mRNA move after leaving the nucleus?
To the cytoplasm and onto structures called ribosomes.
How are bases on the mRNA read at the ribosomes?
In threes (triplets) to code for an amino acid.
What brings the corresponding amino acids to the ribosomes?
Carrier molecules called tRNAs (transport RNAs).
What do amino acids connect to form?
A polypeptide (amino acids linked by peptide bonds).
What happens when the polypeptide chain is complete?
The protein folds to form a unique 3D structure, which is the final protein.
What are non-coding parts of DNA responsible for?
Some are responsible for switching genes on or off, controlling whether the gene is used to form a protein or not.
