3.1B and 3.2B - Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Flashcards
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves the joining of male and female gametes, each containing genetic information from the mother or father.
What are examples of gametes in animals and plants?
Sperm and egg cells in animals; pollen and egg cells in flowering plants.
How are gametes formed?
Gametes are formed by meiosis, as they are non identical.
How many chromosomes does a normal cell have?
A normal cell has 46 chromosomes, which are arranged in 23 pairs.
What happens during fertilisation?
Each gamete has 23 chromosomes and they fuse in fertilisation.
What is the result of mixing genetic information from parents?
It produces variation in the offspring.
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves one parent with no gametes joining.
How are cells formed in asexual reproduction?
It happens using the process of mitosis, where two identical cells are formed from one cell.
What is a key characteristic of asexual reproduction?
There is no mixing of genetic information.
What do clones refer to in asexual reproduction?
Clones are genetically identical to each other and the parent.
What are some examples of organisms that reproduce asexually?
Bacteria, some plants, and some animals.
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
Produces variation in offspring, which can provide a survival advantage.
What is a survival advantage?
A characteristic that allows an organism to survive if the environment changes.
What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
Only one parent is needed.
What is selective breeding?
Selective breeding mixes the genetic information from two organisms to produce offspring with desirable characteristics.
What is an energy-related advantage of asexual reproduction?
Uses less energy and is faster as organisms do not need to find a mate.
What speeds up natural selection?
Breeding two animals with lots of meat can speed up natural selection.
Example: Increasing food production by breeding.
What can be produced in favorable conditions?
In favorable conditions, lots of identical offspring can be produced.
