3.4, 3.5, 3.6 - The Structure of DNA, The Genome and Extracting DNA Flashcards
What is DNA?
DNA, found in the nucleus, is a chemical that contains genetic material.
What does DNA stand for?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
What is DNA made up of?
DNA is made up of many small parts called nucleotides.
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Each nucleotide is made up of one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule, and one of the four types of organic bases.
What are the four types of organic bases in DNA?
The four types of organic bases are A, C, G, T.
How are the two DNA strands structured?
Each DNA molecule is made up of two DNA strands which are twisted together.
What is complementary base pairing?
A bases only connect to T bases, and C bases only connect to G bases.
What does the order of bases in DNA form?
The order of the different bases forms a genetic code.
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA is a polymer made up of two strands wound around each other to form a double helix.
What is a gene?
A gene is a short section of DNA that codes for many amino acids.
How many types of amino acids are there?
There are 20 types of amino acid.
What is a genome?
The genome describes all the genetic information (DNA) of a single organism.
What has studying the human genome improved?
It has improved our understanding of genes linked to diseases, treatment of inherited disorders, and tracing human migration patterns.
What is the first step to extract DNA from fruit?
Gently mix together 50ml cold water, half a teaspoon of salt, and 10ml washing up liquid, then gently heat this mixture at 50C for 5-10 minutes.
What should you do with the kiwi for DNA extraction?
Peel the skins of a kiwi and chop into small pieces, then pulverise the kiwis.
What is the purpose of adding pineapple juice in DNA extraction?
Pineapple juice contains bromelain, an enzyme that breaks down proteins attached to the DNA.
What is the role of ethanol in DNA extraction?
Ethanol causes the DNA to precipitate out of the solution, making it visible.
What should be observed after adding ethanol in DNA extraction?
A white mass should precipitate at the top of the tube after 10 minutes; this is the DNA from the kiwi.
