3.21, 3.22 and 3.23 - Human Genome Project, Genetic Variation and Mutation affecting Phenotype Flashcards
What does the word ‘genome’ describe?
The word ‘genome’ describes all the genetic information of that organism.
What was the Human Genome Project?
The Human Genome Project studied or ‘mapped’ the human genome.
What are some outcomes of the Human Genome Project?
It improved our understanding of genes linked to diseases, helped in the treatment of inherited disorders, and traced human migration patterns.
How does mapping the human genome help us?
By mapping the entire human genome, we better understand which genes cause inherited disorders and which genes are linked with each other.
What causes genetic variation within a population?
Genetic variation arises through random mutation.
What effects can genetic mutations have on phenotype?
Genetic mutations can have no effect, a small effect, or rarely, a significant effect on phenotype.
What is an example of a significant mutation effect?
Changing one base can change one amino acid in a protein, potentially altering the shape of the active site of an enzyme.
Where do most mutations occur that have no effect on phenotype?
Most mutations occur in DNA that does not code for proteins (non-coding DNA).
