3.11B **Biology Only** - Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
Who was Gregor Mendel?
Gregor Mendel was a scientist trained in mathematics and natural history in Vienna.
What did Mendel observe in the monastery gardens?
Mendel observed the characteristics passed on to the next generation in plants.
What type of experiments did Mendel conduct?
He carried out breeding experiments on pea plants.
What types of peas did Mendel use in his experiments?
Mendel used smooth peas, wrinkled peas, green peas, and yellow peas.
What did Mendel conclude about offspring characteristics?
Offspring inherit ‘hereditary units’ from each parent.
How many units do offspring receive from their parents?
One unit is received from each parent.
What are the two types of hereditary units?
Units can be dominant or recessive, and cannot be mixed together.
When was Mendel’s work published?
Mendel published his work in 1866.
Why was Mendel not recognized during his lifetime?
Mendel was not recognized till after his death as genes and chromosomes were not yet discovered.
What was observed in the late 19th century?
Chromosomes as a part of cell division were observed.
What was understood in the 20th century regarding chromosomes?
It was understood that chromosomes and units had similar behaviors.
What are hereditary units now known as?
Hereditary units are now known as genes.
When was the structure of DNA determined?
The structure of DNA was determined in 1953.
What did the determination of DNA structure allow us to understand?
It allowed us to understand how genes worked.
