1.1 - Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Functions

Question 1

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 1

Cells can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Question 2

What type of cells are animal and plant cells?

Answer 2

Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic.

Question 3

What are the main components of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus containing DNA.

Question 4

What type of cells are bacterial cells?

Answer 4

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic.

Question 5

How do bacterial cells compare in size to eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Bacterial cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

What are the main components of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a single circular strand of DNA along with plasmids.

Question 7

What are organelles?

Answer 7

Organelles are structures in a cell that have different functions.

Question 8

Do organelles have specific functions?

Answer 8

Yes, all organelles have a specific function.

Question 9

What is the structure that contains DNA?

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 10

Contains DNA coding for a particular protein needed to build new cells.

Question 11

What encloses the nucleus?

Answer 11

Enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

Question 12

What is the structure of the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

The cytoplasm is a liquid substance.

Question 13

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

Chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm.

Question 14

What do enzymes in the cytoplasm do?

Answer 14

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction.

Question 15

What is found within the cytoplasm?

Answer 15

Organelles are found in the cytoplasm.

Question 16

Structure: Cell membrane

Answer 16

Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 17

Structure: Mitochondria

Answer 17

Function: Where aerobic respiration reactions occur, providing energy for the cell

Question 18

Structure: Ribosomes

Answer 18

Function: Where protein synthesis occurs. Found on a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 19

Only​ ​in plant cells
Structure: Chloroplasts

Answer 19

Function: Where photosynthesis takes place, providing food for the plant Contains chlorophyll pigment (which makes it green) which harvests the light needed for photosynthesis.

Question 20

Only​ ​in plant cells
Structure: Permanent vacuole

Answer 20

Function: Contains cell sap, Found within the cytoplasm and Improves cell’s rigidity

Question 21

Structure: Cell wall ​(also present in algal cells)

Answer 21

Function: Made from cellulose. Provides strength to the cell

Question 22

Bacterial cells are ​prokaryotic​, so do not share as many similarities in the type of organelles as animal and plant cells do.
In bacterial cells
Structure: Cytoplasm

Answer 22

Function: Liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur. Contains enzymes (biological catalysts, i.e. proteins that speed up the rate of reaction). Organelles are found in it

Question 23

In bacterial cells
Structure: Cell membrane

Answer 23

Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 24

In bacterial cells
Structure: Cell wall

Answer 24

Function: Made of a different compound (peptidogylcan)

Question 25

In bacterial cells
Structure: Chromosomal DNA (circular)

Answer 25

Function: As bacterial cells have no nucleus, this floats in the cytoplasm

Question 26

In bacterial cells
Structure: Plasmids

Answer 26

Function: Small rings of DNA - code for extra genes to those provided by chromosomal DNA

Question 27

In bacterial cells
Structure: Flagella

Answer 27

Function: Long, thin ‘whip-like’ tails attached to bacteria that allow them to move