4.6.1.5 inherited disorders Flashcards
State communicable diseases
Malaria, coronavirus, measles
Define communicable
Can be passed from one organism to another’
Define non-communicable
Cannot be passed from one organism to another
State 5 non-communicable diseases
Cancer
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell ammonia
Polydactyly
Haemophilia
What is cystic fibrosis?
A hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to blockage in the pancreatic ducts, intestines and bronchi often leading to respirating infection
State 4 effects of cystic fibrosis
Wheezing, shortness of breath, poor weight / growth gain, lung infections
Is cystic fibrosis recessive or dominant?
Recessive genetic disease
Define hereditary
Based off or given by inheritance
Define coagulation
Liquid, typically blood, converting into a solid
Define haemglobin
Red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates
What is sickle cell ammonia?
A sévère hereditary form of annemia in which a mutated form of haemglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels.
What descent of people is sickle cell ammonia common in?
African people
State symptoms of sickle cell ammonia
Yellowish skin colour, extreme tiredness, painful hand/ foot swelling,
Is sickle cell ammonia recessive or dominant?
Autosomal recessive
What is polydactyly
A condition in which a person or animal has more than five fingers or toes on one, or on each, hand or foot
What is the one symptom of polydactyly
Having an extra toe or finger
Is polydactyly recessive or dominant
Some forms are dominant traits
What is haemophilia?
A medicinal condition in which the ability for blot clotting is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed from even a slight injury
What is haemophilia often caused by
Hereditary lack of coagulation
State symptoms of haemophilia
Large/deep bruises, unusual bleeding after vaccinating, excessive and unexplained bleeding from cuts and injuries, pain swelling / tightness, nosebleeds, blood in urine
Is haemophilia recessive or dominant?
Mainly recessive
What is genetic screening?
Testing groups of people for the presence of a particular allele or other genetic abnormality
What is the purpose of genetic screening?
To help diagnose a rare health condition in children
What is gene therapy?
Modification of a person’s genes to treat or cure illnesses
What is stem cell treatment?
Replacement of damaged cells by chemotherapy with stem cells.
Where are stem cells collected from?
Bone marrow
