4.2.2.5 health issues Flashcards
Define pathogen
A microorganism which causes disease
Common pathogens are bacteria and viruses
State 6 characteristics of bacteria’s
Living so found in most places
Smaller than eukaryotes
Some harmless some cause disease
Attacks the boys / release poison
Creates illness
Antibiotics only affect them
State 6 examples of a bacteria
Food poisoning
Salmonella
Gonorrhoea
Tetanus
Whopping cough
Sore throats
State 6 characteristics of viruses
These are a piece of genetic information with a protein coat
Smaller than bacterium
Invade living tissue, making millions of copies
Also release posions
Antibiotics don’t affect
Antiviral medication used
State the three main examples of viruses
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Measles
HIV
State 3 characteristics of TMV
Widespread plant pathogen
Affects plants like tomatoes
Distinctive mosaic pattern on leaves which prohibits photosynthesis levels
State 4 characteristics of measles
Symptoms include fever and skin rash
Can be fatal
Vaccination available for young children
Spread by inhalation of droplets from sneezes or coughs
State 5 characteristics of HIV
Symptoms initially like flu
Attacks immune system
Controlled with antiretroviral drugs
Enters via lymph nodes (glands)
Spread via sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids such as blood via needles
What causes AIDS
This occurs when the immune system can no longer deal with other cancers and infections as well as the HIV
State three ways of preventing HIV
Throw out needles after use
Use contraception
Do no share blood
Where is bacteria found and where is viruses found?
Viruses- living tissues
Bacteria- most places
How harmful is bacteria and how harmful are viruses?
Bacteria - can be both non harmful or harmful
Viruses - very harmful, poison release.
How effective are antibiotics on bacteria and for viruses?
Bacteria - effective
Viruses - no effect
What is the main feature of bacteria and main feature of viruses?
Bacteria - single called, no nucleus
Virus - protein coat, not a cell
State examples of viruses and examples of bacteria
Bacteria - salmonella, gonorrhoea
Virus- measles, HIV, TMV
What is the fungal disease you need to know about?
Rose black spot
State 5 characteristics of the fungal disease rose black spot
Purple or black spots develop on leaves
Leaves turn yellow and drop early
Affects photosynthesis
Spread via wind or water
Treated with fungicides and/ or removing affected leaves
Define protist
These can be any of numerous eukaryotic organisms that are not fungi, plants or animals and are chiefly unicellular or colonial
What are the 4 examples of a protist
Protozoans, certain algae, oomycetes, and shine moulds
What is the disease you must know about?
Malaria
State 5 characteristics of malaria
Caused by the protist- plasmodium
Spread via mosquitoes
Recurrent episodes of fever
Can be fatal
Spread reduced by mosquito nets, insect repellents, and deterrents to avoid being bitten
What are the main ways disease enters the body
Breaks in skin
Direct contact
Food and drink
