4.2.2.5 health issues

Question 1

Define pathogen

Answer 1

A microorganism which causes disease
Common pathogens are bacteria and viruses

Question 2

State 6 characteristics of bacteria’s

Answer 2

Living so found in most places
Smaller than eukaryotes
Some harmless some cause disease
Attacks the boys / release poison
Creates illness
Antibiotics only affect them

Question 3

State 6 examples of a bacteria

Answer 3

Food poisoning
Salmonella
Gonorrhoea
Tetanus
Whopping cough
Sore throats

Question 4

State 6 characteristics of viruses

Answer 4

These are a piece of genetic information with a protein coat
Smaller than bacterium
Invade living tissue, making millions of copies
Also release posions
Antibiotics don’t affect
Antiviral medication used

Question 5

State the three main examples of viruses

Answer 5

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Measles
HIV

Question 6

State 3 characteristics of TMV

Answer 6

Widespread plant pathogen
Affects plants like tomatoes
Distinctive mosaic pattern on leaves which prohibits photosynthesis levels

Question 7

State 4 characteristics of measles

Answer 7

Symptoms include fever and skin rash
Can be fatal
Vaccination available for young children
Spread by inhalation of droplets from sneezes or coughs

Question 8

State 5 characteristics of HIV

Answer 8

Symptoms initially like flu
Attacks immune system
Controlled with antiretroviral drugs
Enters via lymph nodes (glands)
Spread via sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids such as blood via needles

Question 9

What causes AIDS

Answer 9

This occurs when the immune system can no longer deal with other cancers and infections as well as the HIV

Question 10

State three ways of preventing HIV

Answer 10

Throw out needles after use
Use contraception
Do no share blood

Question 11

Where is bacteria found and where is viruses found?

Answer 11

Viruses- living tissues
Bacteria- most places

Question 12

How harmful is bacteria and how harmful are viruses?

Answer 12

Bacteria - can be both non harmful or harmful
Viruses - very harmful, poison release.

Question 13

How effective are antibiotics on bacteria and for viruses?

Answer 13

Bacteria - effective
Viruses - no effect

Question 14

What is the main feature of bacteria and main feature of viruses?

Answer 14

Bacteria - single called, no nucleus
Virus - protein coat, not a cell

Question 15

State examples of viruses and examples of bacteria

Answer 15

Bacteria - salmonella, gonorrhoea
Virus- measles, HIV, TMV

Question 16

What is the fungal disease you need to know about?

Answer 16

Rose black spot

Question 17

State 5 characteristics of the fungal disease rose black spot

Answer 17

Purple or black spots develop on leaves
Leaves turn yellow and drop early
Affects photosynthesis
Spread via wind or water
Treated with fungicides and/ or removing affected leaves

Question 18

Define protist

Answer 18

These can be any of numerous eukaryotic organisms that are not fungi, plants or animals and are chiefly unicellular or colonial

Question 19

What are the 4 examples of a protist

Answer 19

Protozoans, certain algae, oomycetes, and shine moulds

Question 20

What is the disease you must know about?

Answer 20

Malaria

Question 21

State 5 characteristics of malaria

Answer 21

Caused by the protist- plasmodium
Spread via mosquitoes
Recurrent episodes of fever
Can be fatal
Spread reduced by mosquito nets, insect repellents, and deterrents to avoid being bitten

Question 22

What are the main ways disease enters the body

Answer 22

Breaks in skin
Direct contact
Food and drink