4.3.1.1 communicable (infectious) diseases

Question 1

What are pathogens

Answer 1

Microorganisms which cause disease

Question 2

What are common pathogens

Answer 2

Diseases and bacteria

Question 3

State characteristics of bacteria

Answer 3

Living (found in most places)
Smaller than plant/ animal cells
Some harmless some cause disease
Attacks the body / releases poison
Creates illness
Antibiotics only affect bacteria

Question 4

State characteristics of viruses

Answer 4

These are a piece of genetic information with a protein coat
They invade living tissue to make millions of copies of themselves
They release poisons making you feel Ill
Antibiotics do not affect viruses
Antiviral medications treat viruses

Question 5

State examples of bacteria

Answer 5

Food poisoning
Salmonella
Gonorrhoea
Tetanus
Whopping cough
Sore throats

Question 6

State examples of viruses

Answer 6

Tobacco mosaic virus
Measles
HIV

Question 7

State characteristics of the fungal disease rose black spot

Answer 7

Purple or black spots develop on leaves
Leaves turn yellow and drop early
Affects photosynthesis
Spread by wind / water
Treated with fungicides and/or removing affected leaves

Question 8

What are protists

Answer 8

These can be any of numerous eukaryotic organism that are not fungi, plants, or animals and are chiefly unicellular or colonial.

Question 9

State characteristics of malaria

Answer 9

Caused by the protist - plasmodium
Spread by mosquitoes
Recurrent episodes of fever
Can be fatal
Spread reduced by mosquito nets, insect repellents and deterrents, to avoid being bitten.

Question 10

How to disease enter the body mainly

Answer 10

Droplets in the air
Breaks In the skin
Direct Contact
Food and drink

Question 11

How does skin prevent disease

Answer 11

A blanket almost covering blood, veins and body organs

Question 12

How do the eyes prevent disease

Answer 12

Salty tears (cleans contents out of eyes)
Eyelids and eyelashes prevents disease entering

Question 13

How do the lungs prevent disease

Answer 13

Lined with mucus and hair which sticks up when pathogens are present. Disease sticks to this sticky fluid and are later exterminated by antibodies

Question 14

How does the stomach prevent disease

Answer 14

Contains acids which eradicate disease by neutralising them.

Question 15

How does the blood prevent disease

Answer 15

It contains white blood cells which are produced in the bone marrow.

Question 16

State the two types of white blood cell

Answer 16

Phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 17

State characteristics of phagocytes

Answer 17

Made in the bone marrow
Patrol the body, searching for invaders
Engulf and digest pathogens (and dead human cells / debris)

Question 18

State characteristics of lymphocytes

Answer 18

Produces antibodies
Antibodies attach to the pathogen and destroys it rather than engulfing it.

Question 19

Illness can be _________ by white blood cells, meaning, you are less likely to become ill from that illness.

Answer 19

Detected

Question 20

What are fungi?

Answer 20

Spore producing organism feeding on organic matter.

Question 21

What are antiretroviral drugs?

Answer 21

These are used to treat AIDS / HIV