4.4 Minerals

Question 1

What are minerals?

Answer 1

inorganic elements involved in body structure and regulation

Question 2

What are the two major groups of minerals?

Answer 2

major minerals
trace minerals

Question 3

What are major minerals?

Answer 3

required in amounts greater than 100 mg daily

Question 4

What are trace minerals?

Answer 4

required in amounts less than 100 mg

Question 5

What is bioavailability?

Answer 5

degree to which a nutrient is absorbed and available for use by the body

Question 6

What are the four factors that can affect the bioavailability of minerals?

Answer 6

1. mineral source
2. fiber-mineral interactions
3. mineral-mineral interactions
4. vitamin-mineral interactions

Question 7

Which source of minerals are better absorbed?

Answer 7

animal sources are better than plant sources

Question 8

What in plants can hinder absorption of minerals?

Answer 8

plant fiber

Question 9

What is a major reason that plant sources of minerals can vary greatly in there amount?

Answer 9

mineral concentration of the soil

Question 10

What is oxalic acid? Where is it found?

Answer 10

can decrease the absorption of certain minerals; found in dark leafy green vegetables

Question 11

How do fiber-mineral interactions affect mineral bioavailability?

Answer 11

high fiber diets can lower the absorption of iron, zinc, and other minerals

Question 12

What is phytic acid in relation to minerals?

Answer 12

located in grain fiber and binds to minerals interfering with absorption

Question 13

How do mineral-mineral interactions affect mineral bioavailability?

Answer 13

magnesium, copper, calcium, and iron are similar in size and charge; excess of one can result in a decreased absorption of other minerals

Question 14

How do vitamin-mineral interactions affect mineral bioavailability?

Answer 14

vitamin-mineral interactions are necessary for nutrient absorption and metabolism

Question 15

What are the major minerals?

Answer 15

sodium
potassium
chloride
calcium
phosphorus
magnesium

Question 16

What is the main function of sodium?

Answer 16

fluid balance and nerve impulse transmission

Question 17

Why is a deficiency of sodium rare?

Answer 17

body absorbs nearly all sodium ingested

Question 18

What are the current guidelines for daily dose of sodium?

Answer 18

limiting intake to 2300mg
2010 Dietary Guidelines suggest 1500 mg daily

Question 19

How much sodium do most americans consume?

Answer 19

2300-4700mg daily

Question 20

What diet can help with sodium intake?

Answer 20

DASH